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Passage 1 for 14-17 To many, it may seem that the lobster’s most natural habitat is on a large, oval plate between a cup of drawn butter and a lemon wedge. In fact, only a few of the hundreds of types of lobster are caught commercially. But those few species are some of the most heavily harvested creatures in the sea, and generate a multi-billion-dollar industry, with more than 200,000 tons (181,436 metric tons) of annual global catch. The lobsters that most people know from their dinner plates are the American and European clawed lobsters Homarus Americanus and Homarus Gammarus. These are cold water species that live on either side of the northern Atlantic Ocean. There are also tropical lobsters that are widely consumed, but these are generally clawless varieties called spiny and slipper lobsters. Lobsters are ten-legged crustaceans closely related to shrimp and crabs. These benthic, or bottom-dwelling. Creatures are found in all of the world’s oceans, as well as brackish environments and even freshwater. They have poor eyesight but highly developed senses of taste and smell. They feed primarily on fish and mollusks, but will consume algae and other plant life and even other lobsters. Female lobsters carry their eggs under their abdomens for up to year before leasing them as larvae into the water. The larvae go through several stages in the water column, before settling on the bottom, where they spend the rest of their lives. They generally prefer to live in self-dug burrows, in rocky crevices, or hidden among sea grasses. Lobsters must shed their shells in order to grow, and some species can live to be 50 years old or more, growing continually throughout their lives. Lobsters have not always been considered chic eats. In 17th and 20th century brought fresh lobster to distant urban areas, and its reputation as a delicacy grew. Populations of commercially important lobster species are thought to be declining, and overfishing, particularly of clawed lobsters in Europe, is taking a toll. Additionally, pollution is causing shell rot and other illnesses in normally disease-resistant species.

Passage 2 for 18-20 Recent research into whether people who are good at solving brain twisters are more intelligent than those who are not suggest that the ‘experts’ make use of a special type of insight. However, not only do they appear to be good at this (choosing with the elements to process, to combine, or to compare from the information given), but they are also clever at making use of ‘general’ or prior knowledge and at monitoring their own progress with a particular problem. In addition, they appear capable of adopting an appropriate cognitive style consisting of combination of impulse and reflection. Just what this combination is still mystifies the researchers, and so does the original question, to which their answer is a somewhat frustrating ‘possibly’.

1) I didn’t go to Jakarta yesterday because my friend was late and the train left us. I wish I ... to Jakarta yesterday. a. Went b. Have gone c. Have been gone d. Had gone

2) It is the first time that the princess of Wales has been to the United States, ...? a. Isn’t she b. Hasn’t she c. Isn’t it d. Hasn’t it

3) Most foreign students don’t like American coffee, and ... a. I don’t too b. Either don’t I c. Neither don’t I d. Neither do I

4) We had hoped ... the game, but the other team played very well. a. State University to win b. That State University win c. That State University would win d. State University’s winning

5) ... Thomas Selfridge was the first person to be killed in an airplane accident. a. One of an army team evaluating the wright brothers’ plane b. The wright Brothers Plane was being examined by an army team c. He was one of army team evaluating the Wright Brothers Plane d. Of an army team evaluating the Wright Brothers plane

6) Public accountants take such courses in order to increase both their knowledge and ... a. They have professional standing b. The standing of their profession c. To have professional standing d. Their professional standing

7) This tiny brain is ... simple as well as complex number problem. a. Capable of solving b. Capable to solve c. Capable in solving d. Capable with solution

8) A student should tell a dorm counselor if ... live with his roommate again next year. a. He'd rather not b. He won't rather c. He'll rather not d. He'd rather didn't

9) ... two waves pass a given point simultaneously, they will have no effect on each other's subsequent motion. a. So that b. They are c. That d. If

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14) What happened to the lobster larvae after they are released into the water? a. They shed their sheels b. They stay in the water column c. They settle on the ocean floor d. They live in self-dug burrows

15) What can be inferred about American and European clawed lobsters? a. They were the family of shrimp and crabs b. They were widely consumed c. They were considered a fancy meal d. They were harvested commercially

16) What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? a. To introduce the nature of lobsters b. To describe the luxury of lobsters c. To compare the similarities among lobsters d. To present opinion about lobsters

17) What is NOT mentioned in the passage about lobsters? a. They reproduce by laying egg b. Their habitat is in the bottom of the sea c. They can see better that smell d. Their primary sources of diet are fish

18) What is the best title of this passage? a. The nature of intelligence b. Are brain twisters’ tests of intelligence? Doubt lingers c. Brain twisters: how everyone can solve them d. The cognitive style of brain-twister writers

19) Which of the following may not be inferred from the passage? a. Experts at brain twisters use different talents from non-experts b. There are several factors affecting success with brain twisters c. Both impulsive and reflective thinking play a role in solving brain twisters d. The researchers were frustrated by brain twisters

20) According to the passage, the expert insight involves ... a. A selection processes b. Making use of general knowledge c. Monitoring their own progress d. A combination of impulse and reflection