Soal Uas Sosiologi Kelas Xii Semester Genap...... Selamat Menjawab

The background of the problem describes the situation and conditions that attract the attention of researchers and readers in general. It provides an overview of the context and sets the stage for the research topic. It helps to engage the interest of the researcher and readers by highlighting the significance of the problem and why it is worth investigating.

The given options are all potential subjects of social research, except for "kegiatan distribusi" which refers to distribution activities. Social research typically focuses on understanding and studying aspects of society, culture, human behavior, and the environment. Distribution activities, on the other hand, are more related to economic and business studies rather than social research.

The correct answer is "historis". This is because the research is focused on studying the social system of the past before the reform. Historical research involves examining past events, analyzing historical documents, and interpreting the significance of historical data to understand the context and development of a particular phenomenon or system.

Penelitian eksperimen memiliki karakteristik yang khusus, yaitu naturalistik. Penelitian eksperimen dilakukan dengan memanipulasi variabel independen dan mengamati perubahan yang terjadi pada variabel dependen. Dalam penelitian ini, tidak ada campur tangan atau pengaruh dari peneliti terhadap variabel yang sedang diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami fenomena alami yang terjadi di lingkungan yang sebenarnya.

The technique of validating data in qualitative research by returning interview descriptions to the informants is called "informant review". This technique involves sharing the findings with the participants to ensure accuracy and gain their insights and perspectives on the collected data. It helps to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the research findings.

The purpose of including the research objective in a design or research proposal is to formulate what is to be achieved in the study. This helps to provide a clear direction and focus for the research, allowing the researcher to plan and execute the study effectively. By stating the research objective, the researcher can define the specific goals and outcomes that they intend to achieve through the research. This allows them to structure their study and develop a framework for addressing the research problem or question.

Selo Soemardjan is the correct answer because he is the one who expressed the definition of research as a activity conducted to fill gaps, develop and explore existing things, and test them again.

The given correct answer is Sutrisno Hadi because he is the one who proposed the basic steps of research, which include formulating hypotheses, formulating deductive logic, collecting and analyzing data, and testing hypotheses with conclusions of acceptance or rejection.

Penelitian merupakan kegiatan ilmiah sistemis dan sistematis yang selalu berangkat dari kenyataan atau fakta sosial yang telah ada. Dalam pengkajiannya, penelitian memiliki karakteristik yang mencakup menghasilkan teori baru. Hal ini berarti bahwa penelitian bertujuan untuk menemukan pengetahuan baru yang dapat menjelaskan fenomena yang diteliti. Dengan menghasilkan teori baru, penelitian dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan pemahaman manusia terhadap dunia sekitarnya.

The given statement suggests that in the field of science, everything must have meaning behind the facts. This aligns with the beliefs of the Neo-Positivist perspective, which emphasizes the importance of empirical evidence and the search for underlying meanings and patterns in scientific research. Neo-Positivism rejects metaphysical or subjective explanations and focuses on observable phenomena and objective analysis. Therefore, the statement supports the Neo-Positivist viewpoint.

The given answer "dasar" is correct because the question is asking about the type of research that is being described as "ilmiah dan sistematis" (scientific and systematic) and aimed at solving everyday problems. "Dasar" refers to basic research, which is focused on generating fundamental knowledge and understanding of a subject.

The correct answer is "penentuan lokasi, instrumen, dan alat pengukuran". This is because in an experimental research involving classroom action, it is important to plan the general aspects which include determining the location where the research will take place, selecting the appropriate instruments and tools for measurement. These factors are crucial in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the research findings.

The correct answer is "data yang memiliki jarak yang sama dan memiliki nilai nol absolut". This means that the data has equal intervals between each value and has an absolute zero point. This characteristic is often found in ratio data, where the values represent quantities or measurements that can be compared and manipulated mathematically. Examples of ratio data include height, weight, temperature in Kelvin, and income.

Purposive sampling dalam penelitian kualitatif dimaksudkan untuk pengujian sampel. Purposive sampling adalah teknik pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan dengan sengaja memilih individu atau kelompok tertentu yang dianggap memiliki informasi atau karakteristik yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian. Teknik ini digunakan untuk memastikan bahwa sampel yang dipilih mewakili populasi yang ingin diteliti, sehingga hasil penelitian dapat diterapkan secara lebih luas.

The correct answer is "pengumpulan objek". This is the initial step in research according to Louis Gottschalk. It involves collecting objects or data that will be used in the research process.

Data interval adalah jenis data yang memiliki karakteristik berjenjang. Hal ini berarti data dalam interval memiliki urutan yang teratur dan dapat diurutkan secara berjenjang, tetapi tidak memiliki nilai nol absolut. Contohnya adalah data suhu dalam skala Celsius atau Fahrenheit. Data suhu dalam interval memiliki jarak yang sama antara dua titik tetapi tidak ada titik nol absolut yang menunjukkan ketiadaan suhu.

The correct answer is "holistik". Holistic research focuses not only on finding facts but also on understanding the meaning behind those facts. It takes into account the interconnectedness of various factors and considers the context in which the research is conducted. This type of research aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, rather than just gathering isolated pieces of information.

The correct answer is "hipotesis eksplanatif" because when testing the correlation between Product Moment and Multiple Correlation or Regression, explanatory hypothesis is used. This type of hypothesis aims to explain the relationship between variables and determine the extent to which one variable can predict or explain the other variable.

Menurut aliran Positivistik, hakikat gejala-gejala dalam kehidupan manusia ini adalah bahwa suatu fakta tidak boleh melebihi kenyataan. Ini berarti bahwa dalam mempelajari fenomena sosial, peneliti harus berpegang pada kenyataan yang dapat diamati dan diukur secara objektif. Pendekatan ini menekankan pada pentingnya metode ilmiah dan penelitian empiris dalam memahami gejala-gejala sosial. Dalam konteks ini, fakta-fakta yang ditemukan harus didasarkan pada bukti dan data yang dapat diverifikasi, dan tidak boleh melebihi apa yang dapat diamati dan diketahui secara nyata.

Observasi adalah teknik pengumpulan data dimana peneliti hadir secara langsung dalam peristiwa yang menjadi fokus penelitian. Dalam observasi, peneliti mengamati, mencatat, dan mengumpulkan informasi secara langsung dari situasi yang sedang diamati. Teknik ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk mendapatkan data yang akurat dan detail tentang perilaku, interaksi, dan konteks situasi yang sedang diteliti. Dengan melakukan observasi, peneliti dapat memperoleh wawasan yang mendalam tentang fenomena yang sedang diteliti.

The correct answer is "menelaah teori-teori yang akan dijadikan pedoman" which means "reviewing theories that will be used as a guide" in English. In qualitative research, conducting a literature review helps researchers to understand the existing theories and concepts related to their research topic. This review helps them to identify gaps in the literature, gain insights, and develop a theoretical framework or guide for their study. By reviewing existing theories, researchers can ensure that their research is grounded in established knowledge and build upon previous studies.

Penelitian kualitatif memiliki karakteristik yang berfokus pada permasalahan masa lalu, instrumen penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti, penelitian yang bersifat lentur, serta makna sebagai perhatian utama. Namun, karakteristik penelitian kualitatif tidak termasuk dalam bersifat naturalistik.

The correct answer is "rencana penelitian". This is because a "rencana penelitian" refers to a general research plan that includes the methodology and research procedures. It outlines the steps and strategies that will be used to conduct the research. The other options, such as "desain penelitian" (research design) and "sistematika penelitian" (research structure), are related to specific aspects of the research but do not encompass the overall plan. "Pokok-pokok penelitian" (main points of research) and "garis besar isi penelitian" (outline of research content) are not specific enough to describe a comprehensive research plan.

The purpose of proposing a hypothesis in quantitative research is to guide the research outcomes. By formulating a hypothesis, researchers can have a clear direction and focus on their study. It helps them to determine the specific variables and relationships they want to investigate, which ultimately leads to a more targeted and meaningful research process.

Dalam penelitian kuantitatif, statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data interval atau rasio yang diambil dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal. Statistik deskriptif berfokus pada menggambarkan dan merangkum data yang ada, seperti dengan menghitung rata-rata, median, dan standar deviasi. Hal ini berbeda dengan statistik inferensial yang digunakan untuk membuat kesimpulan atau inferensi tentang populasi berdasarkan sampel data.

Statistik berguna dalam penelitian kuantitatif untuk menentukan sampel. Dalam penelitian kuantitatif, peneliti perlu memilih sampel yang representatif dari populasi yang lebih besar. Statistik dapat digunakan untuk menghitung ukuran sampel yang diperlukan untuk mencapai tingkat kepercayaan yang diinginkan, serta untuk menghitung margin of error yang dapat diterima. Dengan menggunakan statistik, peneliti dapat memastikan bahwa sampel yang dipilih secara acak dan mewakili populasi secara keseluruhan, sehingga hasil penelitian dapat diterapkan secara lebih luas.

Ex post facto research refers to a type of quantitative research where the independent variable or influence occurs before the dependent variable. In this type of research, the researcher cannot manipulate the independent variable directly but instead observes and analyzes its effects on the dependent variable. It is often used in situations where it is not feasible or ethical to conduct experimental research, such as studying the effects of certain events or conditions that have already occurred.

In qualitative research, there are three forms of hypotheses based on the type of research and the "level of explanation", which are hierarchical and procedural hypotheses. These hypotheses involve a hierarchical structure in which they build upon each other, and they also involve a procedural aspect in terms of the steps or processes that need to be followed in order to test and validate the hypotheses.