Soal Kimia Kelas X Semester 2 Bahasan : Larutan Elektrolit, Reaksi Oksidasi( Redoks ), Senyawa Hidrokarbon, Minyak Bumi

1. Larutan yang dapat menghantarkan arus listrik disebut ....

Larutan Elektrolit

Larutan Non Elektrolit

urea

Isolator

konduktor

Larutan yang dapat menghantarkan arus listrik disebut larutan elektrolit. Larutan elektrolit terdiri dari partikel-partikel bermuatan seperti ion-ion positif dan negatif yang dapat bergerak bebas dalam larutan dan menyebabkan larutan tersebut dapat menghantarkan arus listrik.

Explanation

Larutan yang dapat menghantarkan arus listrik disebut larutan elektrolit. Larutan elektrolit terdiri dari partikel-partikel bermuatan seperti ion-ion positif dan negatif yang dapat bergerak bebas dalam larutan dan menyebabkan larutan tersebut dapat menghantarkan arus listrik.

2. Senyawa berikut yang termasuk non-elektrolit ....

Natrium hidroksida

Sukrosa

Asam klorida

Kalium nitrat

Kalsium hidroksida

Sukrosa is a non-electrolyte because it does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. It is a covalent compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms bonded together. In contrast, the other compounds listed - sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, potassium nitrate, and calcium hydroxide - are all electrolytes because they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and are capable of conducting electricity.

Explanation

Sukrosa is a non-electrolyte because it does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. It is a covalent compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms bonded together. In contrast, the other compounds listed - sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, potassium nitrate, and calcium hydroxide - are all electrolytes because they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and are capable of conducting electricity.

3. Bilangan oksidasi atom N = -3 terdapat pada senyawa .....

NH3

HNO3

N2O4

N2H4

HNO2

The correct answer is NH3 because in NH3, the nitrogen atom has a oxidation state of -3. In NH3, there are three hydrogen atoms bonded to a single nitrogen atom. Since hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1, the nitrogen atom must have an oxidation state of -3 to balance out the charges.

Explanation

The correct answer is NH3 because in NH3, the nitrogen atom has a oxidation state of -3. In NH3, there are three hydrogen atoms bonded to a single nitrogen atom. Since hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1, the nitrogen atom must have an oxidation state of -3 to balance out the charges.

4. Perhatikan bahan – bahan berikut :1. Gula2. Garam3. Cuka4. Urea5. Pemutih.Bahan yang larutannya dapat menghantarkan listrik ....

1,2 dan 3

1, 3 dan 5

2,3 dan 5

1, 4 dan 5

2, 3 dan 4

Bahan-bahan yang dapat menghantarkan listrik adalah bahan-bahan yang larut dalam air dan terionisasi menjadi ion-ion yang dapat bergerak bebas. Gula, garam, dan cuka semuanya larut dalam air dan terionisasi menjadi ion-ion yang dapat menghantarkan listrik. Pemutih (bahan pemutih seperti pemutih pakaian) tidak larut dalam air dan tidak terionisasi, sehingga tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik. Urea juga tidak larut dalam air dan tidak terionisasi, sehingga juga tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik. Oleh karena itu, bahan-bahan yang dapat menghantarkan listrik adalah 1, 3, dan 5.

Explanation

Bahan-bahan yang dapat menghantarkan listrik adalah bahan-bahan yang larut dalam air dan terionisasi menjadi ion-ion yang dapat bergerak bebas. Gula, garam, dan cuka semuanya larut dalam air dan terionisasi menjadi ion-ion yang dapat menghantarkan listrik. Pemutih (bahan pemutih seperti pemutih pakaian) tidak larut dalam air dan tidak terionisasi, sehingga tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik. Urea juga tidak larut dalam air dan tidak terionisasi, sehingga juga tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik. Oleh karena itu, bahan-bahan yang dapat menghantarkan listrik adalah 1, 3, dan 5.

5. Berikut ini hasil percobaan daya hantar listrik dari beberapa larutan :

Larutan	Lampu	Pengamatan Lain
I	Nyala redup	Banyak gelembung
II	Nyala terang	Banyak gelembung
III	Tidak menyala	Tidak ada gelembung
IV	Tidak menyala	Sedikit gelembung

Dari data diatas, pasangan yang digolongkan elektrolit kuat dan elektrolit lemah berturut – turut adalah .....

I dan II

I dan III

I dan IV

II dan III

II dan IV

Based on the given data, we can conclude that solution II shows characteristics of a strong electrolyte because it conducts electricity well (lampu nyala terang) and produces a lot of bubbles. On the other hand, solution IV shows characteristics of a weak electrolyte because it does not conduct electricity (lampu tidak menyala) and only produces a few bubbles. Therefore, the correct answer is II dan IV.

Explanation

Based on the given data, we can conclude that solution II shows characteristics of a strong electrolyte because it conducts electricity well (lampu nyala terang) and produces a lot of bubbles. On the other hand, solution IV shows characteristics of a weak electrolyte because it does not conduct electricity (lampu tidak menyala) and only produces a few bubbles. Therefore, the correct answer is II dan IV.

6. Diketahui data fisik dua buah senyawa sebagai berikut.

Senyawa	Titik Leleh ( ˚C)	Daya Hantar Listrik Larutan
Y	712	Menghantarkan arus listrik
Z	-35	Tidak menghantarkan arus listrik

Berdasarkan data tersebut , jenis ikatan yang terdapat dalam senyawa Y dan Z berturut – turut adalah ....

Ion dan ion

Ion dan kovalen polar

Ion dan kovalen nonpolar

Kovalen polar dan kovalen polar

Kovalen polar dan kovalen nonpolar

Based on the given data, compound Y is able to conduct electricity and compound Z is not able to conduct electricity. This suggests that compound Y contains ions, which are able to carry electric charge, while compound Z does not contain ions and therefore cannot conduct electricity. Additionally, the fact that compound Y has a high melting point suggests that it has strong ionic bonds, while compound Z has a low melting point, indicating weaker intermolecular forces typically found in covalent compounds. Therefore, the correct answer is "Ion dan kovalen nonpolar."

Explanation

Based on the given data, compound Y is able to conduct electricity and compound Z is not able to conduct electricity. This suggests that compound Y contains ions, which are able to carry electric charge, while compound Z does not contain ions and therefore cannot conduct electricity. Additionally, the fact that compound Y has a high melting point suggests that it has strong ionic bonds, while compound Z has a low melting point, indicating weaker intermolecular forces typically found in covalent compounds. Therefore, the correct answer is "Ion dan kovalen nonpolar."

7. Gas yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya efek rumah kaca adalah ....

CO2

NO2

CO

NO

CH4

CO2 (carbon dioxide) is the gas that can cause the greenhouse effect. This is because CO2 is a greenhouse gas, meaning it can trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. When there is an excess of CO2 in the atmosphere, it can contribute to global warming and climate change. This is why reducing CO2 emissions is crucial in mitigating the effects of climate change.

Explanation

CO2 (carbon dioxide) is the gas that can cause the greenhouse effect. This is because CO2 is a greenhouse gas, meaning it can trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. When there is an excess of CO2 in the atmosphere, it can contribute to global warming and climate change. This is why reducing CO2 emissions is crucial in mitigating the effects of climate change.

8. Kromium (III) oksida dapat direduksi oleh aluminium menurut persamaan berikut.Cr₂O₃ _(s) + 2Al_(s)-----> Al₂O_{3 (s)}+ 2Cr_(s)Perubahan bilangan oksidasi Cr pada reduksi kromium (III) oksida adalah ....

0 menjadi +2

0 menjadi +3

+2menjadi 0

+3 menjadi 0

+3 menjadi +2

The correct answer is +3 menjadi 0. In the given equation, Cr2O3 is being reduced by aluminium (Al). This means that the oxidation number of chromium (Cr) is decreasing from +3 to 0.

Explanation

The correct answer is +3 menjadi 0. In the given equation, Cr2O3 is being reduced by aluminium (Al). This means that the oxidation number of chromium (Cr) is decreasing from +3 to 0.

9. Nama senyawa FeSO₄ adalah .....

Fero sulfida

Besi (II) sulfida

Besi (II) sulfat

Besi (III ) sulfat

Besi (III) sulfida

The correct answer is Besi (II) sulfat. This is because the compound FeSO4 is commonly known as iron(II) sulfate. The prefix "fero" does not exist in chemical nomenclature, and sulfida refers to a compound containing sulfur and a metal, not sulfur and iron specifically. Additionally, the Roman numeral II indicates that the iron ion in FeSO4 has a +2 charge, while the Roman numeral III would indicate a +3 charge, which is incorrect for this compound. Therefore, the correct name for FeSO4 is Besi (II) sulfat.

Explanation

The correct answer is Besi (II) sulfat. This is because the compound FeSO4 is commonly known as iron(II) sulfate. The prefix "fero" does not exist in chemical nomenclature, and sulfida refers to a compound containing sulfur and a metal, not sulfur and iron specifically. Additionally, the Roman numeral II indicates that the iron ion in FeSO4 has a +2 charge, while the Roman numeral III would indicate a +3 charge, which is incorrect for this compound. Therefore, the correct name for FeSO4 is Besi (II) sulfat.

10. Rumus kimia untuk butana adalah ....

C3H8

C3H6

C4H10

C6H12

C6H14

The correct answer is C4H10 because it represents the chemical formula for butane. Butane is an alkane with four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms. The formula C4H10 accurately represents the composition of butane, making it the correct answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is C4H10 because it represents the chemical formula for butane. Butane is an alkane with four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms. The formula C4H10 accurately represents the composition of butane, making it the correct answer.

11.

Larutan H₂SO₄ didalam air akan terionisasi dengan reaksi ......

H2SO4 (aq) - H2+ ( aq) + 4SO42- (aq)

H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ ( aq) + 4SO42- (aq)

H2SO4 (aq) - H2+ ( aq) + SO42- (aq)

H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ ( aq) + SO42- (aq)

H2SO4 (aq) - H2+ ( aq) + SO42- (aq)

The correct answer is H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq). This is because in the given equation, H2SO4 dissociates into two H+ ions and one SO42- ion. This is supported by the fact that H2SO4 is a strong acid, meaning it completely ionizes in water to produce H+ ions. The presence of two H+ ions in the product side indicates that the correct equation is H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq).

Explanation

The correct answer is H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq). This is because in the given equation, H2SO4 dissociates into two H+ ions and one SO42- ion. This is supported by the fact that H2SO4 is a strong acid, meaning it completely ionizes in water to produce H+ ions. The presence of two H+ ions in the product side indicates that the correct equation is H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq).

12. Suatu senyawa hidrokarbon dengan rumus umum C_nH_2nmempunyai berat 4,2 kg. Jika senyawa tersebut menempati ruang sebesar 0,672 m³ pada keadaan standar, tentukan rumus dan nama senyawa hidrokarbon tersebut .....

C8H16

C9H18

C10H20

C7H14

C6H12

The given hydrocarbon has a general formula of CnH2n and a weight of 4.2 kg. By comparing the weight and the formula, we can determine that n = 10. Therefore, the formula of the hydrocarbon is C10H20.

Explanation

The given hydrocarbon has a general formula of CnH2n and a weight of 4.2 kg. By comparing the weight and the formula, we can determine that n = 10. Therefore, the formula of the hydrocarbon is C10H20.

13. Pirolusit adalah nama lain dari mangan (IV) oksida dengan rumus kimia ....

MnO

MnO2

Mn2O

Mn2O3

MnO4

Pirolusit adalah nama lain dari mangan (IV) oksida dengan rumus kimia MnO2.

Explanation

Pirolusit adalah nama lain dari mangan (IV) oksida dengan rumus kimia MnO2.

14. Ilmuwan yang berhasil menemukan senyawa organik dari senyawa anorganik adalah .....

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Friedrich Wohler

Michael Faraday

John Dalton

Kekule

Friedrich Wohler is the correct answer because he was the scientist who successfully discovered the organic compound urea from an inorganic compound, ammonium cyanate. This discovery in 1828 was significant as it challenged the prevailing belief that organic compounds could only be derived from living organisms. Wohler's experiment demonstrated that organic compounds could be synthesized in the laboratory, paving the way for the field of organic chemistry.

Explanation

Friedrich Wohler is the correct answer because he was the scientist who successfully discovered the organic compound urea from an inorganic compound, ammonium cyanate. This discovery in 1828 was significant as it challenged the prevailing belief that organic compounds could only be derived from living organisms. Wohler's experiment demonstrated that organic compounds could be synthesized in the laboratory, paving the way for the field of organic chemistry.

15. Biji besi (hematit ) dapat direduksi menggunakan gas karbon monoksida menurut persamaan reaksi berikut.Fe₂O₃ (s) + 3CO(g) ---> 2Fe(s) + 3CO₂(g)Fe₂O₃ pada reaksi tersebut mengalami .....

Kenaikan bilangan oksidasi dari 0 menjadi +2

Kenaikan bilangan oksidasi dari 0 menjadi +3

Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +2 menjadi 0

Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi 0

Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi +2

The correct answer is "Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi 0". This is because in the given reaction, Fe2O3 (hematite) is being reduced to Fe (iron) by CO (carbon monoxide) gas. In the reaction, the Fe in Fe2O3 is initially in the +3 oxidation state, but it is reduced to the 0 oxidation state in Fe. This reduction is indicated by the change in the oxidation number from +3 to 0.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi 0". This is because in the given reaction, Fe2O3 (hematite) is being reduced to Fe (iron) by CO (carbon monoxide) gas. In the reaction, the Fe in Fe2O3 is initially in the +3 oxidation state, but it is reduced to the 0 oxidation state in Fe. This reduction is indicated by the change in the oxidation number from +3 to 0.

16. Bensin mempunyai bilangan oktan sekitar .....

98

90

82

75

70

Bensin mempunyai bilangan oktan sekitar 82.

Explanation

Bensin mempunyai bilangan oktan sekitar 82.

17. Perhatikan beberapa unsur berikut!1) Fosfor 4) Hidrogen2) Karbon 5) Oksigen3) NitrogenUnsur-unsur penyusun karbohidrat ditunjukkan oleh nomor .....

1), 2) dan 3)

1), 3) dan 4)

2), 3) dan 4)

2), 4), dan 5)

3), 4) dan 5)

The correct answer is 2), 4), and 5). This is because carbohydrates are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). The elements listed in options 2), 4), and 5) are the correct elements that make up carbohydrates.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2), 4), and 5). This is because carbohydrates are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). The elements listed in options 2), 4), and 5) are the correct elements that make up carbohydrates.

18. Reaksi autoredoks terdapat dalam reaksi .....

Zn + 2HCL -----> ZnCl2 + H2

2K + 2H2O -----> 2KOH + H2

I2 + 2Na2S2O3 -----> 2NaI + Na2S4O6

Zn + 2AgNO3 -----> Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

Cl2 + 2NaOH ------> NaCl + NaClO + H2O

The given reaction, Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H2O, is an example of a redox reaction. In this reaction, chlorine (Cl2) is reduced to chloride ions (Cl-) while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is oxidized to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Reduction involves the gain of electrons, which is happening to chlorine, and oxidation involves the loss of electrons, which is happening to sodium hydroxide. Therefore, this reaction demonstrates a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction.

Explanation

The given reaction, Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H2O, is an example of a redox reaction. In this reaction, chlorine (Cl2) is reduced to chloride ions (Cl-) while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is oxidized to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Reduction involves the gain of electrons, which is happening to chlorine, and oxidation involves the loss of electrons, which is happening to sodium hydroxide. Therefore, this reaction demonstrates a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction.

19. Gas klorin (Cl₂) yang ditambahkan kedalam pengolahan air minum dan kolam renang bertujuan untuk membunuh bakteri. Reaksi pembentukan gas klorin sebagai berikut.2NaCl + 2H₂O ----> H₂ + Cl₂ + 2NaOHZat yang berperan sebagai reduktor adalah ....

Cl2

H2

H2O

NaOH

NaCl

In the given reaction, NaCl is being oxidized to form Cl2 gas. Since the reducing agent is the substance that gets oxidized, NaCl is the correct answer as it is the substance that undergoes oxidation in the reaction.

Explanation

In the given reaction, NaCl is being oxidized to form Cl2 gas. Since the reducing agent is the substance that gets oxidized, NaCl is the correct answer as it is the substance that undergoes oxidation in the reaction.

20. Di antara senyawa berikut, yang di dalam larutannya menghasilkan ion paling banyak adalah ....

H2SO4

AlCl3

Na2SO4

CH3COOH

NH4Cl

AlCl3 is the correct answer because when it is dissolved in water, it completely dissociates into Al3+ and Cl- ions. This means that for every AlCl3 molecule that dissolves, three ions are formed. In comparison, H2SO4 only forms two ions (H+ and SO4 2-), Na2SO4 forms three ions (2Na+ and SO4 2-), CH3COOH only partially dissociates into H+ and CH3COO- ions, and NH4Cl forms two ions (NH4+ and Cl-). Therefore, AlCl3 produces the highest number of ions in solution.

Explanation

AlCl3 is the correct answer because when it is dissolved in water, it completely dissociates into Al3+ and Cl- ions. This means that for every AlCl3 molecule that dissolves, three ions are formed. In comparison, H2SO4 only forms two ions (H+ and SO4 2-), Na2SO4 forms three ions (2Na+ and SO4 2-), CH3COOH only partially dissociates into H+ and CH3COO- ions, and NH4Cl forms two ions (NH4+ and Cl-). Therefore, AlCl3 produces the highest number of ions in solution.

21. Nama yang benar untuk senyawa Alkana berikut :CH₃ ― CH ― CH ― CH₃ │ │ CH₃ CH₃Adalah ....

2,3 - dimetil-butana

2- Metil-Butana

3-etil-2-metil-pentana

n – pentana

n – butana

The correct name for the given compound is 2,3-dimethylbutane. This is because there are two methyl groups (CH3) attached to the second and third carbon atoms of the butane chain. The longest carbon chain in the compound is butane, which consists of four carbon atoms. Therefore, the correct name is 2,3-dimethylbutane.

Explanation

The correct name for the given compound is 2,3-dimethylbutane. This is because there are two methyl groups (CH3) attached to the second and third carbon atoms of the butane chain. The longest carbon chain in the compound is butane, which consists of four carbon atoms. Therefore, the correct name is 2,3-dimethylbutane.

22. Jenis reaksi yang terdapat pada persamaan reaksi :CH₃―CH₂― CH₃ + Br₂ ----> CH₃― CH₂―CH₂Br + HbrAdalah ....

Adisi

Oksidasi

Eliminasi

Substitusi

Esterifikasi

The reaction shown in the equation involves the substitution of a bromine atom for a hydrogen atom in the reactant molecule. This type of reaction is known as a substitution reaction.

Explanation

The reaction shown in the equation involves the substitution of a bromine atom for a hydrogen atom in the reactant molecule. This type of reaction is known as a substitution reaction.

23. Salah satu senyawa hidrokarbon yang terkandung di dalam pelarut cat adalah ....

Olefin

Lignin

Para-xylene

Polietilen

Parafin

Parafin adalah senyawa hidrokarbon yang dapat ditemukan dalam pelarut cat. Senyawa ini sering digunakan dalam pelarut cat karena memiliki sifat yang tidak mudah terbakar, tidak beracun, dan memiliki titik didih yang tinggi. Parafin juga membantu melarutkan bahan-bahan lain dalam cat dan meningkatkan kemampuan cat untuk menyebar secara merata pada permukaan yang akan dicat. Olefin, lignin, para-xylene, dan polietilen bukan senyawa hidrokarbon yang umum digunakan dalam pelarut cat.

Explanation

Parafin adalah senyawa hidrokarbon yang dapat ditemukan dalam pelarut cat. Senyawa ini sering digunakan dalam pelarut cat karena memiliki sifat yang tidak mudah terbakar, tidak beracun, dan memiliki titik didih yang tinggi. Parafin juga membantu melarutkan bahan-bahan lain dalam cat dan meningkatkan kemampuan cat untuk menyebar secara merata pada permukaan yang akan dicat. Olefin, lignin, para-xylene, dan polietilen bukan senyawa hidrokarbon yang umum digunakan dalam pelarut cat.

24. Perhatikan gambar pengolahan minyak bumi di bawah ini.

Bensin diperoleh pada fraksi .....

I

II

III

IV

V

The correct answer is II because gasoline is obtained from the fraction known as "naphtha" which is commonly found in the second fraction of oil refining. Naphtha is a light hydrocarbon mixture that is used as a feedstock for the production of gasoline. It has a lower boiling point compared to other fractions, making it suitable for gasoline production.

Explanation

The correct answer is II because gasoline is obtained from the fraction known as "naphtha" which is commonly found in the second fraction of oil refining. Naphtha is a light hydrocarbon mixture that is used as a feedstock for the production of gasoline. It has a lower boiling point compared to other fractions, making it suitable for gasoline production.

25. Nama senyawa :CH₃ ― C CH ― CH₃ │ CH₂ ― CH₃Adalah .....

2-etil-2- butena

3-etil-2-butena

2-vinilbutana

3-metil-3-pentena

3-metil-2-pentena

The given compound has a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom and an ethyl group attached to the third carbon atom. The longest carbon chain in the compound is pentane. Since the double bond is present between the second and third carbon atoms, the compound is named as 3-methyl-2-pentene.

Explanation

The given compound has a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom and an ethyl group attached to the third carbon atom. The longest carbon chain in the compound is pentane. Since the double bond is present between the second and third carbon atoms, the compound is named as 3-methyl-2-pentene.