1.
Peristiwa berikut yang tidak berhubungan dengan tekanan adalah ….
Correct Answer
B. Gerobak kecil mudah didorong
Explanation
Tidak ada penjelasan.
2.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengarhi besarnya tekanan adalah ….
Correct Answer
C. Luas bidang tekan dan gaya tekan
Explanation
Tidak ada penjelasan.
3.
Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan tekanan yang besar adalah …
Correct Answer
D. Meningkatkan gaya tekan dan memperkecil luas bidang tekan
Explanation
Tidak ada penjelasan.
4.
Perhatikan tabel berikut !
Tekanan terbesar sesuai dengan tabel berikut, dihasilkan oleh nomor...
Correct Answer
A. 1
Explanation
Tidak ada penjelasan.
5.
Pendengaran para penyelam tradisional saat menyelam banyak yang terganggu karena adanya pengaruh ….
Correct Answer
C. Tekanan hidostatis air
Explanation
The correct answer is "tekanan hidostatis air." This is because when traditional divers dive underwater, they experience the hydrostatic pressure of the water. This pressure increases with depth and can cause discomfort or even damage to the divers' ears. Therefore, the hydrostatic pressure of the water is the most likely factor that disturbs the hearing of traditional divers while diving.
6.
Seorang penyelam menyelam pada kedalaman 3 m, massa jenis air 1.000 kg/m3. konstanta gravitasi pada tempat tersebut adalah 10 N/kg. Besar tekanan hidrostatisnya adalah … N/m2
Correct Answer
B. 30.000
Explanation
The pressure at a certain depth in a fluid is given by the equation P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. In this question, the depth is given as 3 m, the density of water is 1,000 kg/m3, and the acceleration due to gravity is 10 N/kg. Plugging in these values into the equation, we get P = (1,000 kg/m3) * (10 N/kg) * (3 m) = 30,000 N/m2. Therefore, the answer is 30,000.
7.
Sebuah benda ditimbang di udara beratnya 50 N. Setelah ditimbang di dalam air, beratnya menjadi 30 N. Benda tersebut mendapatkan gaya angkat sebesar ….
Correct Answer
C. 20 N
Explanation
When an object is weighed in air, its weight is equal to the force of gravity acting on it, which in this case is 50 N. However, when the object is weighed in water, it experiences an upward buoyant force that reduces its apparent weight. The difference between the weight in air and the weight in water is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object. Therefore, the buoyant force acting on the object is 20 N, which is the difference between 50 N and 30 N.
8.
Pada saat kita melakukan pengukuran tekanan darah dengan menggunakan tensimeter, maka berlaku hukum ….
Correct Answer
A. Pascal
Explanation
The correct answer is Pascal because Pascal's law states that the pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container will be transmitted equally in all directions. When measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, the pressure is applied to the cuff which contains air or fluid. This pressure is transmitted to the arteries in the arm, allowing the measurement of blood pressure. Pascal's law explains the principle behind this process.
9.
Alat yang prinsip kerjanya berdasarkan hukum Pascal adalah ….
Correct Answer
A. Alat pengangkat mobil
Explanation
The correct answer is "Alat pengangkat mobil". The principle of Pascal's law states that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a confined space, the pressure is transmitted equally in all directions. In the case of a hydraulic lift used to lift cars, a small force is applied to a small piston, which creates pressure in the fluid. This pressure is then transmitted to a larger piston, resulting in a larger force that can lift the car. Therefore, the principle of Pascal's law is applied in the operation of a hydraulic lift used to lift cars, making "Alat pengangkat mobil" the correct answer.
10.
Mesin pengangkat mobil hidrolik pada gambar di atas memiliki pengisap masing-masing dengan luas A1 = 15 cm2 dan A2 = 600 cm2. Apabila pada pengisap kecil diberi gaya F1 sebesar 500 N, maka berat beban yang dapat diangkat adalah ….
Correct Answer
C. 20.000 N
Explanation
The hydraulic car lifting machine in the given picture has two suction cups with areas A1 = 15 cm2 and A2 = 600 cm2. When a force F1 of 500 N is applied to the smaller suction cup, the weight of the load that can be lifted is 20,000 N. This can be calculated using the principle of Pascal's law, which states that the pressure exerted on a fluid in a closed system is transmitted equally in all directions. Since the pressure is equal, the force applied on the larger suction cup (F2) can be calculated by using the formula F1/A1 = F2/A2. By substituting the given values, we can find that F2 = (F1 * A2) / A1 = (500 N * 600 cm2) / 15 cm2 = 20,000 N.
11.
Peristiwa tersedak pada saat sedang akan disebabkan karena ….
Correct Answer
C. Terdapat epoglotis yang menutup jika makanan lewat
Explanation
The correct answer is "terdapat epiglotis yang menutup jika makanan lewat". The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue. Its main function is to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway by covering the opening of the larynx during swallowing. This closure ensures that the food goes down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than going into the trachea and causing choking.
12.
Proses inspirasi pada pernapasan dada diawali dengan ….
Correct Answer
C. Otot antar tulang rusuk kontraksi
Explanation
During the process of inspiration in chest breathing, the contraction of the intercostal muscles between the ribs plays a crucial role. These muscles help in expanding the chest cavity by pulling the ribs upward and outward. This expansion creates a negative pressure inside the chest, causing air to rush into the lungs. Therefore, the contraction of the intercostal muscles is necessary for the inhalation phase of breathing.
13.
Meskipun kita menghembuskan napas sekuat-kuatnya, udara di dalam paru-paru masih tetap ada. Volume udara tersebut dinamakan ….
Correct Answer
D. Udara residu
Explanation
Udara residu adalah volume udara yang tetap ada di dalam paru-paru setelah melakukan ekspirasi maksimal. Meskipun kita menghembuskan napas sekuat-kuatnya, udara residu ini tidak dapat dikeluarkan sepenuhnya. Hal ini penting untuk menjaga agar paru-paru tetap terisi dengan udara dan mencegah kolaps. Udara residu juga berperan dalam pertukaran gas yang terjadi di dalam paru-paru.
14.
Jika volume udara tidal 500 mL, udara suplementer 1500 mL, udara komplementer 1500 mL, dan udara residu 1500 mL, maka kapasitas vital paru-parunya adalah ….
Correct Answer
B. 3.500 mL
Explanation
The vital capacity of the lungs is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. In this case, the tidal volume is 500 mL, the supplementary air is 1500 mL, and the complementary air is 1500 mL. The residual air is not relevant to calculating the vital capacity. To find the vital capacity, we add the tidal volume, supplementary air, and complementary air together. Therefore, the vital capacity in this scenario would be 500 mL + 1500 mL + 1500 mL = 3500 mL.
15.
Inspirasi pernapasan dada dapat menyebabkan ….
Correct Answer
C. otot tulang rusuk kontraksi dan volume paru-paru membesar
Explanation
Inspirasi pernapasan dada dapat menyebabkan otot tulang rusuk kontraksi dan volume paru-paru membesar.
16.
Sistem ekskresi manusia bertujuan untuk mengeluarkan ….
Correct Answer
D. Zat sisa metabolisme yang tidak dapat digunakan tubuh
Explanation
The human excretory system aims to eliminate waste products from the body. These waste products, known as metabolic waste, are byproducts of cellular metabolism that cannot be utilized by the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "zat sisa metabolisme yang tidak dapat digunakan tubuh" which translates to "metabolic waste that cannot be used by the body."
17.
Pasangan yang tidak tepat antara organ ekskresi dan zat sisa yang dikeluarkan adalah
Correct Answer
D. Paru-paru : garam
Explanation
The incorrect pairing between organ of excretion and waste material is "paru-paru : garam". The lungs are responsible for the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, during respiration. They do not play a role in excreting waste materials such as salt (garam). The correct pairing would be the kidneys excreting urine, the skin excreting sweat, and the liver excreting bile.
18.
Berikut ini merupakan urutan proses pembentukan urine yang benar adalah …
Correct Answer
B. filtrasi – reabsorpsi – augmentasi
Explanation
The correct answer is "filtrasi – reabsorpsi – augmentasi". This is the correct sequence of the urine formation process in the kidneys. Filtrasi is the initial step where blood is filtered in the glomerulus to form a filtrate. Reabsorpsi then occurs, where essential substances like water, glucose, and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Lastly, augmentasi takes place, where waste products and excess substances are added to the filtrate to form urine.
19.
Hubungan yang benar antara ginjal dan kulit adalah ….
Correct Answer
D. Jika udara dingin, ginjal banyak mengeluarkan urine dan kulit sedikit berkeringat
Explanation
When the air is cold, the kidneys produce more urine to help regulate body temperature. At the same time, the skin produces less sweat because it is not necessary for cooling the body. This is the correct relationship between the kidneys and the skin in cold weather.
20.
Upaya yang tepat untuk menjaga kesehatan paru-paru adalah ….
Correct Answer
B. Menghindari rokok dan alkohol
Explanation
Menghindari rokok dan alkohol adalah upaya yang tepat untuk menjaga kesehatan paru-paru karena rokok dan alkohol dapat merusak paru-paru dan menyebabkan berbagai penyakit paru-paru seperti kanker paru-paru, bronkitis, dan emfisema. Rokok mengandung zat-zat berbahaya seperti nikotin dan tar yang dapat merusak jaringan paru-paru, sedangkan alkohol dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel-sel paru-paru. Dengan menghindari rokok dan alkohol, seseorang dapat mencegah risiko terkena penyakit paru-paru dan menjaga kesehatan paru-parunya.