Quiz Online IPA (VIII) Bab 7,8,9

1. Upaya yang tepat untuk menjaga kesehatan paru-paru adalah ….

istirahat yang cukup

menghindari rokok dan alkohol

makan tepat waktu

minum air putih yang banyak

Menghindari rokok dan alkohol adalah upaya yang tepat untuk menjaga kesehatan paru-paru karena rokok dan alkohol dapat merusak paru-paru dan menyebabkan berbagai penyakit paru-paru seperti kanker paru-paru, bronkitis, dan emfisema. Rokok mengandung zat-zat berbahaya seperti nikotin dan tar yang dapat merusak jaringan paru-paru, sedangkan alkohol dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel-sel paru-paru. Dengan menghindari rokok dan alkohol, seseorang dapat mencegah risiko terkena penyakit paru-paru dan menjaga kesehatan paru-parunya.

Explanation

Menghindari rokok dan alkohol adalah upaya yang tepat untuk menjaga kesehatan paru-paru karena rokok dan alkohol dapat merusak paru-paru dan menyebabkan berbagai penyakit paru-paru seperti kanker paru-paru, bronkitis, dan emfisema. Rokok mengandung zat-zat berbahaya seperti nikotin dan tar yang dapat merusak jaringan paru-paru, sedangkan alkohol dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel-sel paru-paru. Dengan menghindari rokok dan alkohol, seseorang dapat mencegah risiko terkena penyakit paru-paru dan menjaga kesehatan paru-parunya.

2. Pada saat kita melakukan pengukuran tekanan darah dengan menggunakan tensimeter, maka berlaku hukum ….

Pascal

Archimedes

Boyle

Newton

The correct answer is Pascal because Pascal's law states that the pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container will be transmitted equally in all directions. When measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, the pressure is applied to the cuff which contains air or fluid. This pressure is transmitted to the arteries in the arm, allowing the measurement of blood pressure. Pascal's law explains the principle behind this process.

Explanation

The correct answer is Pascal because Pascal's law states that the pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container will be transmitted equally in all directions. When measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, the pressure is applied to the cuff which contains air or fluid. This pressure is transmitted to the arteries in the arm, allowing the measurement of blood pressure. Pascal's law explains the principle behind this process.

3. Sebuah benda ditimbang di udara beratnya 50 N. Setelah ditimbang di dalam air, beratnya menjadi 30 N. Benda tersebut mendapatkan gaya angkat sebesar ….

50 N

30 N

20 N

10 N

When an object is weighed in air, its weight is equal to the force of gravity acting on it, which in this case is 50 N. However, when the object is weighed in water, it experiences an upward buoyant force that reduces its apparent weight. The difference between the weight in air and the weight in water is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object. Therefore, the buoyant force acting on the object is 20 N, which is the difference between 50 N and 30 N.

Explanation

When an object is weighed in air, its weight is equal to the force of gravity acting on it, which in this case is 50 N. However, when the object is weighed in water, it experiences an upward buoyant force that reduces its apparent weight. The difference between the weight in air and the weight in water is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object. Therefore, the buoyant force acting on the object is 20 N, which is the difference between 50 N and 30 N.

4. Seorang penyelam menyelam pada kedalaman 3 m, massa jenis air 1.000 kg/m³. konstanta gravitasi pada tempat tersebut adalah 10 N/kg. Besar tekanan hidrostatisnya adalah … N/m²

3.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

The pressure at a certain depth in a fluid is given by the equation P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. In this question, the depth is given as 3 m, the density of water is 1,000 kg/m3, and the acceleration due to gravity is 10 N/kg. Plugging in these values into the equation, we get P = (1,000 kg/m3) * (10 N/kg) * (3 m) = 30,000 N/m2. Therefore, the answer is 30,000.

Explanation

The pressure at a certain depth in a fluid is given by the equation P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. In this question, the depth is given as 3 m, the density of water is 1,000 kg/m3, and the acceleration due to gravity is 10 N/kg. Plugging in these values into the equation, we get P = (1,000 kg/m3) * (10 N/kg) * (3 m) = 30,000 N/m2. Therefore, the answer is 30,000.

5. Peristiwa berikut yang tidak berhubungan dengan tekanan adalah ….

paku runcing mudah ditancapkan di papan

gerobak kecil mudah didorong

pisau tajam mudah untuk memotong

menjinjing beban dengan tali kecil terasa sakit di tangan

Tidak ada penjelasan.

Explanation

Tidak ada penjelasan.

6. Alat yang prinsip kerjanya berdasarkan hukum Pascal adalah ….

Alat pengangkat mobil

galangan kapal

balon udara

kapal selam

The correct answer is "Alat pengangkat mobil". The principle of Pascal's law states that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a confined space, the pressure is transmitted equally in all directions. In the case of a hydraulic lift used to lift cars, a small force is applied to a small piston, which creates pressure in the fluid. This pressure is then transmitted to a larger piston, resulting in a larger force that can lift the car. Therefore, the principle of Pascal's law is applied in the operation of a hydraulic lift used to lift cars, making "Alat pengangkat mobil" the correct answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Alat pengangkat mobil". The principle of Pascal's law states that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a confined space, the pressure is transmitted equally in all directions. In the case of a hydraulic lift used to lift cars, a small force is applied to a small piston, which creates pressure in the fluid. This pressure is then transmitted to a larger piston, resulting in a larger force that can lift the car. Therefore, the principle of Pascal's law is applied in the operation of a hydraulic lift used to lift cars, making "Alat pengangkat mobil" the correct answer.

7. Jika volume udara tidal 500 mL, udara suplementer 1500 mL, udara komplementer 1500 mL, dan udara residu 1500 mL, maka kapasitas vital paru-parunya adalah ….

3.000 mL

3.500 mL

4.500 mL

5.000 mL

The vital capacity of the lungs is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. In this case, the tidal volume is 500 mL, the supplementary air is 1500 mL, and the complementary air is 1500 mL. The residual air is not relevant to calculating the vital capacity. To find the vital capacity, we add the tidal volume, supplementary air, and complementary air together. Therefore, the vital capacity in this scenario would be 500 mL + 1500 mL + 1500 mL = 3500 mL.

Explanation

The vital capacity of the lungs is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. In this case, the tidal volume is 500 mL, the supplementary air is 1500 mL, and the complementary air is 1500 mL. The residual air is not relevant to calculating the vital capacity. To find the vital capacity, we add the tidal volume, supplementary air, and complementary air together. Therefore, the vital capacity in this scenario would be 500 mL + 1500 mL + 1500 mL = 3500 mL.

8. Pasangan yang tidak tepat antara organ ekskresi dan zat sisa yang dikeluarkan adalah

ginjal : urine

kulit : keringat

hati : empedu

paru-paru : garam

The incorrect pairing between organ of excretion and waste material is "paru-paru : garam". The lungs are responsible for the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, during respiration. They do not play a role in excreting waste materials such as salt (garam). The correct pairing would be the kidneys excreting urine, the skin excreting sweat, and the liver excreting bile.

Explanation

The incorrect pairing between organ of excretion and waste material is "paru-paru : garam". The lungs are responsible for the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, during respiration. They do not play a role in excreting waste materials such as salt (garam). The correct pairing would be the kidneys excreting urine, the skin excreting sweat, and the liver excreting bile.

9. Faktor-faktor yang mempengarhi besarnya tekanan adalah ….

gaya tekan dan massa benda

gaya tekan dan gaya gravitasi

luas bidang tekan dan gaya tekan

luas bidang tekan dan gaya gravitasi

Tidak ada penjelasan.

Explanation

Tidak ada penjelasan.

10. Inspirasi pernapasan dada dapat menyebabkan ….

otot tulang rusuk relaksasi dan volume paru-paru membesar

otot tulang rusuk kontraksi dan volume paru-paru tetap

otot tulang rusuk kontraksi dan volume paru-paru membesar

otot tulang rusuk kontraksi dan volume paru-paru mengecil

Inspirasi pernapasan dada dapat menyebabkan otot tulang rusuk kontraksi dan volume paru-paru membesar.

Explanation

Inspirasi pernapasan dada dapat menyebabkan otot tulang rusuk kontraksi dan volume paru-paru membesar.

11. Sistem ekskresi manusia bertujuan untuk mengeluarkan ….

feses dari hasil pencernaan

zat sisa yang masih dapat digunakan tubuh

enzim dan hormon dari dalam tubuh

zat sisa metabolisme yang tidak dapat digunakan tubuh

The human excretory system aims to eliminate waste products from the body. These waste products, known as metabolic waste, are byproducts of cellular metabolism that cannot be utilized by the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "zat sisa metabolisme yang tidak dapat digunakan tubuh" which translates to "metabolic waste that cannot be used by the body."

Explanation

The human excretory system aims to eliminate waste products from the body. These waste products, known as metabolic waste, are byproducts of cellular metabolism that cannot be utilized by the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "zat sisa metabolisme yang tidak dapat digunakan tubuh" which translates to "metabolic waste that cannot be used by the body."

12. Perhatikan tabel berikut ! Tekanan terbesar sesuai dengan tabel berikut, dihasilkan oleh nomor...

1

2

3

4

Tidak ada penjelasan.

Explanation

Tidak ada penjelasan.

13. Meskipun kita menghembuskan napas sekuat-kuatnya, udara di dalam paru-paru masih tetap ada. Volume udara tersebut dinamakan ….

udara komplementer

kapasitas vital

kapasitas total

udara residu

Udara residu adalah volume udara yang tetap ada di dalam paru-paru setelah melakukan ekspirasi maksimal. Meskipun kita menghembuskan napas sekuat-kuatnya, udara residu ini tidak dapat dikeluarkan sepenuhnya. Hal ini penting untuk menjaga agar paru-paru tetap terisi dengan udara dan mencegah kolaps. Udara residu juga berperan dalam pertukaran gas yang terjadi di dalam paru-paru.

Explanation

Udara residu adalah volume udara yang tetap ada di dalam paru-paru setelah melakukan ekspirasi maksimal. Meskipun kita menghembuskan napas sekuat-kuatnya, udara residu ini tidak dapat dikeluarkan sepenuhnya. Hal ini penting untuk menjaga agar paru-paru tetap terisi dengan udara dan mencegah kolaps. Udara residu juga berperan dalam pertukaran gas yang terjadi di dalam paru-paru.

14. Berikut ini merupakan urutan proses pembentukan urine yang benar adalah …

reabsorpsi – augmentasi – filtrasi

filtrasi – reabsorpsi – augmentasi

filtrasi – augmentasi – reabsorpsi

reabsorpsi – filtrasi – augmentasi

The correct answer is "filtrasi – reabsorpsi – augmentasi". This is the correct sequence of the urine formation process in the kidneys. Filtrasi is the initial step where blood is filtered in the glomerulus to form a filtrate. Reabsorpsi then occurs, where essential substances like water, glucose, and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Lastly, augmentasi takes place, where waste products and excess substances are added to the filtrate to form urine.

Explanation

The correct answer is "filtrasi – reabsorpsi – augmentasi". This is the correct sequence of the urine formation process in the kidneys. Filtrasi is the initial step where blood is filtered in the glomerulus to form a filtrate. Reabsorpsi then occurs, where essential substances like water, glucose, and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Lastly, augmentasi takes place, where waste products and excess substances are added to the filtrate to form urine.

15. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan tekanan yang besar adalah …

mengurangi gaya tekan dan memperbesar luas bidang tekan

mengurangi gaya tekan dan memperkecil luas bidang tekan

meningkatkan gaya tekan dan memperbesar luas bidang tekan

meningkatkan gaya tekan dan memperkecil luas bidang tekan

Tidak ada penjelasan.

Explanation

Tidak ada penjelasan.

16. Pendengaran para penyelam tradisional saat menyelam banyak yang terganggu karena adanya pengaruh ….

tekanan udara dalam air

gaya angkat air

tekanan hidostatis air

tekanan atmosfer

The correct answer is "tekanan hidostatis air." This is because when traditional divers dive underwater, they experience the hydrostatic pressure of the water. This pressure increases with depth and can cause discomfort or even damage to the divers' ears. Therefore, the hydrostatic pressure of the water is the most likely factor that disturbs the hearing of traditional divers while diving.

Explanation

The correct answer is "tekanan hidostatis air." This is because when traditional divers dive underwater, they experience the hydrostatic pressure of the water. This pressure increases with depth and can cause discomfort or even damage to the divers' ears. Therefore, the hydrostatic pressure of the water is the most likely factor that disturbs the hearing of traditional divers while diving.

17. Proses inspirasi pada pernapasan dada diawali dengan ….

otot antar tulang rusuk relaksasi

Rongga dada mengempis

otot antar tulang rusuk kontraksi

otot diafragma relaksasi

During the process of inspiration in chest breathing, the contraction of the intercostal muscles between the ribs plays a crucial role. These muscles help in expanding the chest cavity by pulling the ribs upward and outward. This expansion creates a negative pressure inside the chest, causing air to rush into the lungs. Therefore, the contraction of the intercostal muscles is necessary for the inhalation phase of breathing.

Explanation

During the process of inspiration in chest breathing, the contraction of the intercostal muscles between the ribs plays a crucial role. These muscles help in expanding the chest cavity by pulling the ribs upward and outward. This expansion creates a negative pressure inside the chest, causing air to rush into the lungs. Therefore, the contraction of the intercostal muscles is necessary for the inhalation phase of breathing.

18. Mesin pengangkat mobil hidrolik pada gambar di atas memiliki pengisap masing-masing dengan luas A1 = 15 cm² dan A2 = 600 cm². Apabila pada pengisap kecil diberi gaya F1 sebesar 500 N, maka berat beban yang dapat diangkat adalah ….

500 N

15.000 N

20.000 N

25.000 N

The hydraulic car lifting machine in the given picture has two suction cups with areas A1 = 15 cm2 and A2 = 600 cm2. When a force F1 of 500 N is applied to the smaller suction cup, the weight of the load that can be lifted is 20,000 N. This can be calculated using the principle of Pascal's law, which states that the pressure exerted on a fluid in a closed system is transmitted equally in all directions. Since the pressure is equal, the force applied on the larger suction cup (F2) can be calculated by using the formula F1/A1 = F2/A2. By substituting the given values, we can find that F2 = (F1 * A2) / A1 = (500 N * 600 cm2) / 15 cm2 = 20,000 N.

Explanation

The hydraulic car lifting machine in the given picture has two suction cups with areas A1 = 15 cm2 and A2 = 600 cm2. When a force F1 of 500 N is applied to the smaller suction cup, the weight of the load that can be lifted is 20,000 N. This can be calculated using the principle of Pascal's law, which states that the pressure exerted on a fluid in a closed system is transmitted equally in all directions. Since the pressure is equal, the force applied on the larger suction cup (F2) can be calculated by using the formula F1/A1 = F2/A2. By substituting the given values, we can find that F2 = (F1 * A2) / A1 = (500 N * 600 cm2) / 15 cm2 = 20,000 N.

19. Hubungan yang benar antara ginjal dan kulit adalah ….

jika udara dingin, ginjal dan kulit banyak mengeluarkan urine

jika udara panas ginjal banyak mengeluarkan urine dan kulit sedikit berkeringat

jika udara dingin, ginjal dan kulit banyak mengeluarkan keringa

jika udara dingin, ginjal banyak mengeluarkan urine dan kulit sedikit berkeringat

When the air is cold, the kidneys produce more urine to help regulate body temperature. At the same time, the skin produces less sweat because it is not necessary for cooling the body. This is the correct relationship between the kidneys and the skin in cold weather.

Explanation

When the air is cold, the kidneys produce more urine to help regulate body temperature. At the same time, the skin produces less sweat because it is not necessary for cooling the body. This is the correct relationship between the kidneys and the skin in cold weather.

20. Peristiwa tersedak pada saat sedang akan disebabkan karena ….

makanan masuk ke lambang secara cepat tanpa dicerna

pada laring terdapat epiglotis yang berhubungan dengan faring

terdapat epoglotis yang menutup jika makanan lewat

makanan mengganjal di faring sehingga tidak bisa masuk ke lambung

The correct answer is "terdapat epiglotis yang menutup jika makanan lewat". The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue. Its main function is to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway by covering the opening of the larynx during swallowing. This closure ensures that the food goes down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than going into the trachea and causing choking.

Explanation

The correct answer is "terdapat epiglotis yang menutup jika makanan lewat". The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue. Its main function is to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway by covering the opening of the larynx during swallowing. This closure ensures that the food goes down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than going into the trachea and causing choking.