Kviz Znanja Za 7. Razred

The correct answer is "parnog stroja". The question asks about the invention that initiated the First Industrial Revolution. The steam engine, invented by James Watt in the 18th century, is widely regarded as the catalyst for this revolution. It revolutionized transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture by providing a reliable and efficient source of power. The steam engine allowed for the mechanization of various industries, leading to increased productivity and economic growth.

Fridrik II. was one of the most significant rulers of enlightened absolutism. He was the King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786 and is known for his reforms in administration, education, and justice. He promoted religious tolerance, supported the arts and sciences, and implemented economic policies to improve the welfare of his subjects. His reign is often associated with the concept of "enlightened despotism," where rulers aimed to govern with enlightened principles while maintaining absolute power. Therefore, Fridrik II. is the correct answer in this context.

The correct answer is čaj (tea). The American Revolution was not directly caused by tea itself, but rather by the taxes imposed on tea by the British government through the Tea Act of 1773. This act led to the Boston Tea Party in 1774, where American colonists protested against British taxation without representation by throwing tea into the Boston Harbor. This event further fueled the growing tensions between the American colonies and Britain, eventually leading to the Revolutionary War and the fight for American independence.

Marija Terezija (1740. - 1780.) uredila je odnose između kmetova i feudalaca donošenjem urbara. Urbar je bio registar koji je detaljno opisivao prava i obveze kmetova prema feudalnim gospodarima. Ovaj dokument je bio važan jer je precizno određivao koje usluge i poreze kmetovi moraju pružati svojim feudalnim gospodarima, kao i njihova prava na zemlju i druge resurse. Uvođenjem urbara, Marija Terezija je pokušala regulirati odnose između kmetova i feudalaca kako bi smanjila sukobe i poboljšala ekonomsku stabilnost.

The correct answer is Varaždin. Until 1776, Varaždin was the seat of the Royal Council for Dalmatia, Croatia, and Slavonia.

In the Croatian feudal assembly, known as the staleški sabor, the main power and influence belonged to the nobility or plemstvo. They were the highest social class and held significant political and economic control in the society. The nobility played a crucial role in decision-making processes and had the authority to enact laws and regulations. Their dominance in the staleški sabor made them the primary voice and decision-makers in the assembly.

Alexander Graham Bell is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the inventor of the telephone. He was a Scottish-born scientist and inventor who patented the telephone in 1876. Bell's invention revolutionized communication and had a profound impact on society. His work on the telephone laid the foundation for the development of modern telecommunications technology.

Robespierre was the leader of the Jacobins in the French National Assembly during the French Revolution. He played a significant role in the Reign of Terror, a period of intense political repression and violence. Robespierre was known for his radical and uncompromising views, advocating for the execution of those considered enemies of the revolution. His leadership and influence during this time make him the correct answer for the leader of the Jacobins in the Assembly.

The correct answer is "predsjednika". The question is asking about the organization of the United States as a republic under the Constitution of 1787, with a division of powers between Congress, the Supreme Court, and the president. The other options (predsjednika vlade, kralja, car) do not accurately reflect the system of government in the United States.

Voltaire is the correct answer because he was one of the most prominent representatives of the Enlightenment in France. He was a philosopher, writer, and advocate for freedom of speech and religious tolerance. Voltaire's ideas greatly influenced the French Revolution and his works continue to be celebrated for their wit, satire, and criticism of the established social and political order.

The correct answer is Cooka. After the exploratory journeys of James Cook, Australia was recognized as a continent by Europeans. Cook's voyages in the 18th century provided detailed maps and descriptions of the Australian coastline, confirming its status as a separate landmass. His expeditions also contributed to the European understanding of the Pacific region as a whole.

The žirondinci were representatives of the wealthier citizens in the French Assembly. They were a political group during the French Revolution who advocated for a more moderate approach to change and were in favor of preserving the rights and privileges of the bourgeoisie. They were eventually overthrown by the more radical Jacobins, who implemented more drastic measures during the Reign of Terror. The žirondinci's influence waned as the revolution progressed, ultimately leading to their downfall.

During the mid-18th century, Dalmatia and Istria were under the rule of Venetian Republic.

The correct answer is svećenstvo (clergy). In France before the revolution, the three estates were the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The clergy, consisting of priests and other religious figures, made up the first estate. The second estate was the nobility, which included aristocrats and landowners. The commoners, or the third estate, comprised the majority of the population and included peasants, merchants, craftsmen, and bankers. Therefore, the clergy did not belong to the third estate and were not part of the group that made up the third estate in France before the revolution.

The correct answer is "uvođenja novih poreza." In the middle of 1789, the French king called for the Assembly of the Estates-General due to the introduction of new taxes. This decision was made in response to the financial crisis faced by the French monarchy at the time. The king hoped that by imposing new taxes, he could alleviate the financial burden and stabilize the economy.

The French Revolution began on July 14, 1789, with an attack on the prison, which is referred to as the "zatvor" in Croatian. This attack, known as the Storming of the Bastille, was a pivotal event in the revolution as it symbolized the people's uprising against the monarchy and their fight for liberty and equality. The storming of the prison was a significant moment that marked the start of the revolution and the overthrow of the monarchy in France.

In 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the Venetian Republic (Mletačku Republiku). This decision was part of his expansionist policies and efforts to consolidate his power in Europe. By eliminating the Venetian Republic, Napoleon aimed to weaken the influence of the Italian city-states and establish French control over the region. This move was significant in reshaping the political landscape of Europe during the Napoleonic era.

The answer is "opća školska obveza za djecu od 6 do 13 godina" because this reform, which introduced compulsory education for children between the ages of 6 and 13, was not a part of Joseph II's reforms. Joseph II implemented various reforms aimed at modernizing the Habsburg Empire, including religious freedom, personal freedom for serfs, limiting the power of the Church, and making German the sole official language. However, the introduction of compulsory education was not one of his reforms.

The second industrial revolution began with the use of electric power and oil. Oil played a crucial role in this revolution as it was used as a fuel source for various industries, such as transportation, manufacturing, and electricity generation. The discovery and utilization of oil allowed for the development of new technologies and industries, leading to significant economic growth and advancements in various sectors.

Engleska je parlamentarna monarhija. "Poveljom o pravima" (Bill of Rights) iz 1689. godine engleski parlament je stekao pravo sudjelovanja u donošenju važnih odluka.

"Bitka naroda" se odnosi na bitku kod Leipziga. Leipziška bitka, također poznata kao Bitka naroda, odigrala se 1813. godine tijekom Napoleonskih ratova. Ova bitka je bila jedna od najvećih bitaka u povijesti, u kojoj su se sukobile vojske Francuske i savezničke vojske sastavljene od vojnika iz Pruske, Rusije, Austrije i drugih zemalja. Bitka je završila porazom Napoleona Bonapartea i imala je značajan utjecaj na daljnji tijek ratova i pad Napoleona.

The correct answer is "suca." Ban u Banskoj Hrvatskoj held the roles of supreme administrator, military commander, and judge. This indicates that the ban had judicial responsibilities in addition to his administrative and military duties.

After the dissolution of the Venetian Republic in 1797, Istria and Dalmatia were annexed by the Habsburg Monarchy. This means that these two regions became part of the Habsburg Monarchy's territories.

During the 16th to 18th centuries, Spain, England, Portugal, and the Netherlands were all colonial powers, establishing colonies and expanding their influence around the world. However, the Habsburg Monarchy, which included territories such as Austria, Hungary, and parts of present-day Germany, was not a colonial power during this time period. Instead, the Habsburg Monarchy focused more on consolidating its power within Europe and engaging in conflicts with other European powers. Therefore, the correct answer is Habsburg Monarchy.

In 1804, Napoleon introduced a highly advanced legal code in Europe known as the Građanski zakonik, which translates to Civil Code. This code aimed to unify and modernize the legal system in France and its territories. It covered various aspects of civil law, including property rights, contracts, family law, and inheritance. The Građanski zakonik had a significant influence on legal systems worldwide and is still considered a foundational document in modern civil law jurisdictions.

The correct answer is Ljubljani because the question is asking for the location of the seat of the Illyrian Provinces, which encompassed Slovenian and Croatian territories south of the Sava River, including Istria and Dalmatia. Ljubljana was the capital and administrative center of the Illyrian Provinces from 1809 to 1813.

Robert Koch is the correct answer because he discovered the causative agents of tuberculosis and cholera. Koch is renowned for his groundbreaking work in the field of microbiology and is considered one of the founders of modern bacteriology. He developed techniques for isolating and growing bacteria in pure culture, which allowed him to identify the specific microorganisms responsible for various diseases. His discoveries revolutionized the understanding and treatment of infectious diseases, and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905 for his contributions to medical science.

In 1805, the English navy defeated the French navy at Cape Trafalgar, and the credit for this victory goes to Horatio Nelson. He was an English admiral who played a crucial role in the battle and is considered one of the greatest naval commanders in British history. James Cook, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Orville Wright are not relevant to this historical event and did not have any involvement in the Battle of Trafalgar.

Marmont is the correct answer because he was indeed the manager of the Illyrian provinces. He was appointed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1809 to oversee the administration of the newly established Illyrian provinces, which included parts of present-day Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy. Marmont implemented various reforms during his tenure, including the introduction of a unified legal system and the promotion of education. Therefore, Marmont is the correct answer in this context.

The correct answer is "pohod u Rusiji." The campaign in Russia marked the beginning of Napoleon's downfall. In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia with a massive army, but faced harsh weather conditions, lack of supplies, and fierce resistance from the Russian forces. The Russian army used a scorched-earth tactic, burning their own resources to deny them to the French. As a result, Napoleon's army suffered heavy casualties and had to retreat, leading to a significant loss of power and momentum for Napoleon. This defeat weakened his position and eventually led to his ultimate defeat in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

Metternich was the leading figure at the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815). As the Austrian Foreign Minister, he played a crucial role in shaping the post-Napoleonic order in Europe. Metternich advocated for a balance of power among the major European powers and sought to restore stability and conservatism in the continent. His diplomacy and negotiation skills were instrumental in achieving a peaceful resolution and establishing a new framework for international relations after the Napoleonic Wars.

Napoleon Bonaparte preuzeo je vlast 1799. godine državnim udarom i uveo Konzulat. Konzulat je bio politički sistem u Francuskoj koji je Napoleon uspostavio kako bi preuzeo kontrolu nad vladom. Pod Konzulatom, Napoleon je bio jedan od tri konzula koji su zajedno donosili odluke. Ovaj politički sistem omogućio mu je da zadrži veliku moć i kontrolu nad Francuskom državom.

The correct answer is "Kraljski Dalmatin". This is because the question asks for the name of the first newspaper in the Croatian language, and "Kraljski Dalmatin" is the only option that fits this criteria. The other options either do not mention being the first newspaper or are not in the Croatian language.

From 1804 onwards, France was under the rule of an empire. This means that it was governed by an emperor, who held significant power and authority. The term "carstvo" refers to an empire, which is a form of government where a single individual, usually referred to as an emperor, has supreme power and control over the state. Therefore, the correct answer is "carstvo" which means empire in English.

George Stephenson is the correct answer because he was the inventor of the steam locomotive, which revolutionized transportation and played a significant role in the industrial revolution. His locomotive, called "The Rocket," was the first to successfully operate on a public railway and proved to be a commercial success. Stephenson's innovations in locomotive design and track construction laid the foundation for the modern railway system and his contributions to the field earned him the title of "Father of Railways."

In 1814, Napoleon abdicated his power in favor of Louis XVIII and was exiled to the island of Elba.

The first transcontinental railroad was built in the United States in 1869. This railroad connected the eastern and western coasts of the country, allowing for faster and more efficient transportation of goods and people across the nation. The construction of this railroad was a significant achievement in American history and played a crucial role in the westward expansion and development of the United States.

The correct answer is 1792. In 1792, France transitioned from being a kingdom to becoming a republic. This change occurred during the French Revolution, which began in 1789 and resulted in significant political and social upheaval in France. The establishment of a republic marked a shift away from the monarchy and towards a more democratic form of government.

After the Jacobin terror, power was once again taken over by the Girondins, and the executive power was held by the Directorial government known as the Directorie.

The correct answer is Engleska. The Holy Alliance was established in Paris in 1815 and included Russia, Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. However, England was not a part of this alliance.

In the 18th century, Rijeka was a separate political region that was subordinate to the Ugarskom namjesničkom vijeću, which translates to the Hungarian Vice-regency Council. This suggests that Rijeka was under the authority and control of the Hungarian government during that time period.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the English, French, and Dutch were the major European powers involved in colonization and exploration of North America. While the English and French were the most prominent, the Dutch also played a significant role in the settlement of the region. They established colonies such as New Netherland, which included areas like present-day New York. Therefore, the correct answer is Nizozemci (Dutch).

In the 18th century, India was colonized by England through the East India Company. The East India Company was a British trading company that had a monopoly on trade with India and other parts of Asia. It played a significant role in British imperialism and the colonization of India.

From 1791, France became a constitutional monarchy. This means that the country had a monarch as the head of state, but their powers were limited by a constitution. The constitution defined the rights and responsibilities of both the monarch and the people, ensuring a balance of power. This system allowed for a degree of popular participation in government while still maintaining a monarchy as the symbol of national unity.

In the 18th century, the Iroquois Confederacy was a powerful Native American state in North America. The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Six Nations, was composed of six Native American tribes: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora. They formed a political and military alliance that exerted significant influence in the region. The Iroquois Confederacy played a crucial role in the colonial era, engaging in trade, diplomacy, and warfare with European powers and neighboring Native American tribes. Their political structure and governance system made them a formidable force during this time period.