Parcial Sobre "TeorÍas Administrativas"

This statement is false because in an organization, individuals do participate in social groups and maintain constant social interaction. In any organization, employees form teams, departments, and workgroups to collaborate and achieve common goals. They interact with each other through meetings, discussions, and communication channels. Social interaction is essential for effective teamwork, sharing ideas, and building relationships within the organization. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the neoclassical theory of administration emphasizes the practical aspects of management, focusing on pragmatism and the pursuit of tangible and concrete results. This means that the theory is concerned with achieving practical outcomes and tangible success in the field of administration.

The statement is true because the theory of neoclassical management focuses on both efficiency and effectiveness. Unlike scientific management, which emphasizes methods and rationalization of work, and classical theory, which focuses on general principles of administration, neoclassical theory considers the means to achieve efficiency and emphasizes the goals and results in the pursuit of effectiveness.

The given statement is true. The neoclassical authors, despite being based on classical theory, are quite eclectic and incorporate the content of other recent administrative theories. This means that they do not strictly adhere to classical theory but rather incorporate ideas and concepts from other theories as well.

The correct answer is the need to humanize and democratize administration, freeing it from rigid and mechanistic concepts. This answer aligns with the main objective of the theory of Human Relations, which aimed to shift the focus from solely task-oriented approaches to considering the social and psychological aspects of work. This perspective emphasized the importance of treating employees as individuals and recognizing their needs, motivations, and relationships within the workplace. By humanizing and democratizing administration, organizations can create a more inclusive and empowering work environment.

The correct answer is "La organización formal, en los principios generales de la administración y en las funciones del administrador." This is because the classical theory of management focuses on the formal organization structure, the general principles of administration, and the functions of the manager. It emphasizes the importance of hierarchy, clear division of labor, and a top-down approach to management. This approach aims to increase efficiency and productivity within the organization.

The correct answer is "Con el fin de alcanzar una elevada eficiencia industrial." This is because the administration cientifica, or scientific management, is a management approach that focuses on improving efficiency and productivity in industrial settings. It aims to analyze and streamline work processes to eliminate waste and maximize output. By implementing scientific methods and principles, organizations can achieve higher levels of efficiency and ultimately improve their overall performance.

The statement is true because in Hawthorne studies, researchers focused on the informal aspects of the organization. They found that the organization became a social entity composed of informal social groups, whose structure did not always align with the formal structure defined by the company. This highlights the importance of considering informal relationships and dynamics within an organization, as they can significantly impact its functioning and outcomes.

The explanation for the correct answer "True" is that the behaviorist theory is indeed based on human behavior. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and believes that these behaviors are shaped by the environment through conditioning. It emphasizes the importance of external factors in influencing human behavior, such as rewards and punishments. This theory rejects the idea of studying internal mental processes and instead focuses solely on studying and modifying behavior. Therefore, the statement that the behaviorist theory is based on human behavior is true.

The scientific management approach emphasized the importance of focusing on tasks. This means that managers should carefully analyze and study the tasks performed by workers in order to find the most efficient and effective ways to perform them. By studying tasks, managers can identify any unnecessary steps or inefficiencies and implement improvements to increase productivity and reduce waste. This approach also includes the use of time and motion studies to determine the most efficient ways to perform tasks. Overall, the emphasis on tasks in scientific management aims to optimize work processes and improve overall organizational performance.

The correct answer is "En la estructura" because the Classical Theory emphasizes the importance of organizational structure. This theory suggests that a well-defined and hierarchical structure is essential for achieving efficiency and effectiveness in an organization. It focuses on the division of labor, coordination, and the chain of command within the structure to ensure smooth functioning and optimal performance.

The explanation for the correct answer is that individuals' behavior is influenced and supported by the group they belong to. Workers do not act or react in isolation as individuals, but rather their actions and reactions are shaped by the dynamics and norms of the group they are a part of. This suggests that individuals are influenced by social factors and the context in which they operate, highlighting the importance of group dynamics in shaping behavior.

The correct answer is "Funciones de grupo (Análisis del grupo y de cómo estas dinámicas afectan el rendimiento de la empresa)." This is because the classical administration theory states that every company can be divided into six groups of functions, which include technical functions, commercial functions, financial functions, security functions, and administrative functions. The functions of the group, which involve analyzing the group dynamics and how they affect the company's performance, are not one of these six groups of functions.

The statement is false because the main exponent of the bureaucratic theory does not distinguish four types of society. The bureaucratic theory, developed by Max Weber, focuses on the structure and organization of bureaucracies within societies, rather than categorizing different types of societies.

The given answer, "Énfasis en el ambiente externo" (Emphasis on the external environment), is not a characteristic of bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is known for its focus on internal processes, rules, and regulations to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. It places importance on following established routines and standardized procedures, maintaining a formal communication structure, and emphasizing technical competence and meritocracy. However, it does not prioritize the external environment or external factors in its operations.

The false answer suggests that according to the theory of human relations, organizations do not exist solely for the purpose of achieving objectives and producing results. This contradicts the statement in the passage that organizations do exist for these reasons.

The correct answer is "Organización burocrática de la estructura." This is because the other options listed, such as "Organización racional del trabajo," "Análisis del trabajo y estudio del tiempo y movimiento," "División de trabajo y especialización del obrero," and "Estudio de la fatiga humana," are all contributions of scientific management. However, the concept of "Organización burocrática de la estructura" is more closely associated with the principles of bureaucratic management, which is a separate theory developed by Max Weber.

The given correct answer focuses on the concept of efficiency, standardization, and payment through incentives and rewards. These are contributions of scientific management, which emphasizes the use of scientific methods to improve productivity and efficiency in the workplace. By implementing efficient processes, standardizing procedures, and providing incentives for good performance, organizations can optimize their operations and motivate employees to perform at their best. This approach aligns with the principles of the scientific management theory, which aims to increase productivity and effectiveness through systematic analysis and improvement of work processes.

The statement suggests that one of the disadvantages of bureaucratic administration is consistency, as the same types of decisions must be made in the same circumstances. However, the correct answer is False. The statement is incorrect because consistency is actually considered an advantage of bureaucratic administration. Bureaucratic systems aim to ensure consistency and fairness by following established rules and procedures in decision-making.

The other options listed are all advantages associated with bureaucracy, such as uniformity of routines and procedures, consistency in decision-making, precision in defining roles and operations, univocality of interpretation through specific and written regulations, and continuity of the organization through the replacement of retiring personnel. However, "interiorización de las normas y exagerado apego a los reglamentos" refers to the internalization of norms and an exaggerated adherence to regulations, which is not considered an advantage of bureaucracy.