Prueba Ser Bachiller Completa

1. 9.En la tabla se observan las prendas que tiene Nancy en su clóset.

Cantidad	Prenda	Color
4	Blusas	Rojo
5	Blusas	Azul
3	Pantalones	Negro
3	Pantalones	Plomo
5	Faldas	Rosado
7	Chaquetas	Negro

Si Nancy escoge una prenda al azar, la probabilidad de que elija un pantalón de color negro es:

3/27

4/27

5/27

7/27

The probability of choosing a black pant from Nancy's wardrobe can be calculated by dividing the number of black pants (3) by the total number of items in her wardrobe (27). Therefore, the correct answer is 3/27.

Explanation

The probability of choosing a black pant from Nancy's wardrobe can be calculated by dividing the number of black pants (3) by the total number of items in her wardrobe (27). Therefore, the correct answer is 3/27.

2. 124.Petróleo y economía La economía del Ecuador depende, en gran medida, de los ingresos que obtiene por la venta del petróleo. En el año 2014, hubo una disminución del precio del barril, lo que generó un impacto en la economía. Entre las causas del problema figuran el crecimiento de la _______ petrolera a nivel mundial, por la participación de los Estados Unidos, y la contracción de la _______ del petróleo en algunos países como China, debido a complicaciones económicas internas.

oferta - demanda

demanda - demanda

demanda - oferta

oferta – oferta

The correct answer is "oferta - demanda" because the sentence states that the problem was caused by the growth of the global oil supply (oferta) due to the participation of the United States, and the contraction of the oil demand (demanda) in some countries like China, due to internal economic complications. This implies that there was an imbalance between the supply and demand of oil, which affected the economy of Ecuador.

Explanation

The correct answer is "oferta - demanda" because the sentence states that the problem was caused by the growth of the global oil supply (oferta) due to the participation of the United States, and the contraction of the oil demand (demanda) in some countries like China, due to internal economic complications. This implies that there was an imbalance between the supply and demand of oil, which affected the economy of Ecuador.

3. 18.Una escalera reposa sobre una pared y su posición puede ser representada mediante la función lineal: 3x+y-9=0 . Si el eje de las ordenadas representa la pared, entonces su pendiente es y la máxima altura que alcanzaría es:

-3,3

-3,9

-1/3,3

-1/3,9

The given equation represents a linear function in the form of y = mx + b, where m is the slope of the line. In this case, the slope is -3. Since the y-axis represents the wall, the slope of -3 indicates that for every 1 unit increase in the x-axis (representing the distance along the wall), the height (y-axis) decreases by 3 units. Therefore, the maximum height the ladder can reach is at the point where y = 9, which corresponds to x = -3. Hence, the answer is -3,9.

Explanation

The given equation represents a linear function in the form of y = mx + b, where m is the slope of the line. In this case, the slope is -3. Since the y-axis represents the wall, the slope of -3 indicates that for every 1 unit increase in the x-axis (representing the distance along the wall), the height (y-axis) decreases by 3 units. Therefore, the maximum height the ladder can reach is at the point where y = 9, which corresponds to x = -3. Hence, the answer is -3,9.

4. 110.Los estudiantes de bachillerato se han organizado para proponer a las autoridades de su colegio un cambio en el menú que se ofrece con el fin de inculcar hábitos alimenticios saludables y opciones de comida nutritiva. En la carta dirigida al director, los estudiantes han sugerido que se incluya algunas opciones como jugos naturales, alimentos integrales y postres bajos en azúcar. Con base en el texto, seleccione los derechos humanos que corresponden al caso descrito. 1. A vivir en un ambiente ecológicamente equilibrado 2. A un nivel de vida adecuado que asegure el bienestar 3. A la libertad de expresión y opinión 4. A la libertad de asociación y reunión

1, 3

1, 4

2, 3

2, 4

The correct answer is 2, 3.

Based on the text, the students' proposal to include healthy food options in the school menu aligns with the right to an adequate standard of living that ensures well-being (option 2). Additionally, their organization and suggestion in the form of a letter to the school director demonstrate the exercise of freedom of expression and opinion (option 3).

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, 3.

Based on the text, the students' proposal to include healthy food options in the school menu aligns with the right to an adequate standard of living that ensures well-being (option 2). Additionally, their organization and suggestion in the form of a letter to the school director demonstrate the exercise of freedom of expression and opinion (option 3).

5. 28.Un estudiante universitario ha redactado el informe final de su proyecto. El número de páginas totales que lleva escrito cada día hasta el final de la semana se puede representar por la serie: 5, 7, 11, 17, 25, ___ Si el primer elemento corresponde al número de páginas que ha escrito hasta el final del día lunes, ¿cuántas páginas escribió hasta el sábado?

35

47

100

142

The pattern in the series can be determined by adding consecutive odd numbers. The first term is 5, and to get the second term, we add 2 (the next odd number) to 5, resulting in 7. To get the third term, we add 4 (the next odd number) to 7, resulting in 11. Continuing this pattern, to get the sixth term (representing the number of pages written until Saturday), we add 8 (the next odd number) to 25, resulting in 33. However, since the options provided do not include 33, the closest option is 35. Therefore, the student wrote 35 pages until Saturday.

Explanation

The pattern in the series can be determined by adding consecutive odd numbers. The first term is 5, and to get the second term, we add 2 (the next odd number) to 5, resulting in 7. To get the third term, we add 4 (the next odd number) to 7, resulting in 11. Continuing this pattern, to get the sixth term (representing the number of pages written until Saturday), we add 8 (the next odd number) to 25, resulting in 33. However, since the options provided do not include 33, the closest option is 35. Therefore, the student wrote 35 pages until Saturday.

6. 45.Identifique la paráfrasis correcta. Mejor encender una vela que maldecir la oscuridad. (Confucio)

Aunque no lo parezca, todos los problemas tienen solución

No debemos perder la esperanza, incluso en las peores circunstancias

En condiciones adversas, debemos actuar en lugar de quejarnos

La oscuridad nos confunde y nos impide resolver nuestros problemas

The correct answer paraphrases the phrase "Mejor encender una vela que maldecir la oscuridad" by stating that in adverse conditions, we should take action instead of complaining. This aligns with the idea that it is better to do something productive to solve a problem rather than just complaining about it.

Explanation

The correct answer paraphrases the phrase "Mejor encender una vela que maldecir la oscuridad" by stating that in adverse conditions, we should take action instead of complaining. This aligns with the idea that it is better to do something productive to solve a problem rather than just complaining about it.

7. 99.Complete el enunciado. A la luz del _______, la complejidad de la corteza cerebral y el comportamiento de los elefantes, humanos y delfines son características _______. Son el resultado de la adaptación frente a cambios en el ambiente, lo que facilitó su transmisión a las siguientes generaciones a partir de la selección natural.

darwinismo - adquiridas

darwinismo - heredadas

lamarckismo - adquiridas

lamarckismo – heredadas

The correct answer is "darwinismo - heredadas". This is because the sentence mentions the concept of "adaptación frente a cambios en el ambiente" (adaptation to changes in the environment) and "transmisión a las siguientes generaciones" (transmission to the next generations), which are key ideas in Darwin's theory of natural selection. According to Darwinism, traits that are beneficial for survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to future generations, leading to the inheritance of these characteristics.

Explanation

The correct answer is "darwinismo - heredadas". This is because the sentence mentions the concept of "adaptación frente a cambios en el ambiente" (adaptation to changes in the environment) and "transmisión a las siguientes generaciones" (transmission to the next generations), which are key ideas in Darwin's theory of natural selection. According to Darwinism, traits that are beneficial for survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to future generations, leading to the inheritance of these characteristics.

8. 111.Complete el enunciado. Entre los siglos XI y XIII, la cultura _______ produjo un gran desarrollo en el campo de la medicina, y separa a esta ciencia de la religión. Uno de sus exponentes más destacados fue _______, quien en el Libro sobre las generalidades de la Medicina, expuso conocimientos sobre anatomía, patologías y los principios para determinar la aplicación de las vacunas.

griega - Hipócrates

árabe - Averroes

romana - Galeno

persa – Avicena

Between the 11th and 13th centuries, Arab culture produced a great development in the field of medicine and separated it from religion. One of its most prominent exponents was Averroes, who in the Book on the Generalities of Medicine, exposed knowledge about anatomy, pathologies, and principles for determining the application of vaccines.

Explanation

Between the 11th and 13th centuries, Arab culture produced a great development in the field of medicine and separated it from religion. One of its most prominent exponents was Averroes, who in the Book on the Generalities of Medicine, exposed knowledge about anatomy, pathologies, and principles for determining the application of vaccines.

9. 100.El ser humano tiene derecho a vivir en un ambiente ecológicamente equilibrado y tiene el deber de contribuir a preservarlo. Una forma de hacerlo es utilizar, en su vida diaria, productos que se descompongan por la acción de microorganismos. También puede aplicar prácticas de reutilización, reciclaje y reducción. Con base en el texto, son actividades que el ser humano debe realizar, excepto:

adquirir productos que hayan sido empacados en envases biodegradables

utilizar detergentes y desinfectantes a base de fosfatos

disminuir la cantidad de bolsas de plástico utilizadas para llevar las compras

arreglar los electrodomésticos, en vez de comprar nuevos

The correct answer is "utilizar detergentes y desinfectantes a base de fosfatos." This is because the use of detergents and disinfectants based on phosphates can have harmful effects on the environment, such as water pollution and the disruption of ecosystems. The other activities mentioned in the text, such as acquiring products packaged in biodegradable containers, reducing the use of plastic bags, and repairing appliances instead of buying new ones, contribute to preserving the environment and living in an ecologically balanced environment.

Explanation

The correct answer is "utilizar detergentes y desinfectantes a base de fosfatos." This is because the use of detergents and disinfectants based on phosphates can have harmful effects on the environment, such as water pollution and the disruption of ecosystems. The other activities mentioned in the text, such as acquiring products packaged in biodegradable containers, reducing the use of plastic bags, and repairing appliances instead of buying new ones, contribute to preserving the environment and living in an ecologically balanced environment.

10. 112.En Estados Unidos, en 1929, luego de un periodo de abundancia y prosperidad económica, estalló lo que se conoció como la Gran Depresión; una grave crisis que alcanzó los sectores financiero, industrial, comercial y agrícola. Los efectos de esta crisis se extendieron por toda la región y Ecuador no escapó a esta problemática continental. Con base en el texto, todas son consecuencias en Ecuador, excepto:

reducción de la inversión extranjera

auge del liberalismo económico

caída de la importación de mercancías

disminución de los ingresos estatales

The correct answer is "auge del liberalismo económico" (boom of economic liberalism). The text mentions that Ecuador was affected by the Great Depression, which implies that there were negative consequences. The reduction of foreign investment, the fall in imports of goods, and the decrease in state income are all plausible consequences of an economic crisis. However, the text does not mention any positive consequence or boom in economic liberalism.

Explanation

The correct answer is "auge del liberalismo económico" (boom of economic liberalism). The text mentions that Ecuador was affected by the Great Depression, which implies that there were negative consequences. The reduction of foreign investment, the fall in imports of goods, and the decrease in state income are all plausible consequences of an economic crisis. However, the text does not mention any positive consequence or boom in economic liberalism.

11. 27.Al realizar la revisión de un terreno en búsqueda de plagas, un equipo de trabajadores cubre cierta cantidad de metros cuadrados por día. La cantidad de terreno revisado al final de cada jornada sigue la secuencia mostrada: 5, 7, 10, 14, 16, ... Si esta secuencia sigue un patrón y han planificado terminar en 8 días la revisión del terreno, determine la cantidad de metros cuadrados revisados en el último día.

18

19

23

25

The sequence of numbers follows a pattern where each number is obtained by adding the previous two numbers. Starting with 5 and 7, we get 10 (5+7), then 14 (7+10), and so on. Therefore, the next number in the sequence would be 16+14=30. Since the team plans to finish in 8 days, we need to find the 8th number in the sequence. Counting from 5, we get 5, 7, 10, 14, 16, 30, 46, 76. Therefore, the amount of square meters revised on the last day would be 76-46=30.

Explanation

The sequence of numbers follows a pattern where each number is obtained by adding the previous two numbers. Starting with 5 and 7, we get 10 (5+7), then 14 (7+10), and so on. Therefore, the next number in the sequence would be 16+14=30. Since the team plans to finish in 8 days, we need to find the 8th number in the sequence. Counting from 5, we get 5, 7, 10, 14, 16, 30, 46, 76. Therefore, the amount of square meters revised on the last day would be 76-46=30.

12. 46.Con base en el texto, seleccione los argumentos de autoridad. El agua es un componente fundamental de la economía y es necesaria para crear y conservar el empleo en todos los sectores de ella. En el sector primario, por ejemplo, se emplea en la agricultura, la ganadería y la pesca; en el secundario, en la industria pesada, la producción de electricidad y combustibles; y en el sector de los servicios, en el turismo y en el ocio. Muchos de estos sectores requieren grandes cantidades de agua en una o más etapas de su cadena de valor. En este contexto, la ONU menciona que: "la gestión sostenible del agua en su sentido más amplio: protección y restauración de ecosistemas, así como desarrollo, explotación y mantenimiento de infraestructuras, junto con acceso a un suministro seguro, confiable y asequible de agua, crea un entorno propicio para las oportunidades de empleo a largo plazo, así como el desarrollo y el crecimiento a través de diferentes sectores económicos". De este modo, según la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, el giro hacia una economía sostenible en la que el papel central del agua esté plenamente reconocido, lleva a la creación de más puestos de trabajo dignos y a una mayor inclusión social. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 17 de febrero de 2018 en https://bit.ly/25jk2qZ 1. El agua es un componente fundamental de la economía, y es necesaria para crear y conservar el empleo en todos los sectores 2. En el sector primario de la economía, por ejemplo, se emplean grandes cantidades de agua en la agricultura, la ganadería y la pesca 3. La gestión sostenible del agua, en su sentido más amplio, crea un entorno propicio para las oportunidades de empleo a largo plazo 4. El giro a una economía sostenible, en la que el papel central del agua esté reconocido, crea mayor cantidad de puestos de trabajo

1, 2

1, 4

2, 3

3, 4

Based on the given text, the arguments of authority are numbers 3 and 4. Number 3 states that sustainable water management creates an environment that promotes long-term employment opportunities. Number 4 states that transitioning to a sustainable economy where the central role of water is recognized leads to the creation of more jobs. Both of these statements are backed by the authority of the United Nations and the International Labour Organization, which are reputable organizations in the field of water management and employment.

Explanation

Based on the given text, the arguments of authority are numbers 3 and 4. Number 3 states that sustainable water management creates an environment that promotes long-term employment opportunities. Number 4 states that transitioning to a sustainable economy where the central role of water is recognized leads to the creation of more jobs. Both of these statements are backed by the authority of the United Nations and the International Labour Organization, which are reputable organizations in the field of water management and employment.

13. 87.Una de las causas de atragantamiento es el mal funcionamiento de una estructura que permite la desviación del bolo alimenticio hacia el sistema digestivo y que evita que ingrese a las vías respiratorias. Generalmente, esto ocurre cuando se respira por la boca y no por la nariz, mientras se ingieren los alimentos. Con base en el texto, identifique la estructura que cuando funciona inadecuadamente causa el atragantamiento.

Bronquio

Epiglotis

Diafragma

Faringe

The passage explains that one of the causes of choking is the malfunctioning of a structure that redirects food towards the digestive system and prevents it from entering the respiratory pathways. Based on this information, the structure that is responsible for this function is the epiglottis.

Explanation

The passage explains that one of the causes of choking is the malfunctioning of a structure that redirects food towards the digestive system and prevents it from entering the respiratory pathways. Based on this information, the structure that is responsible for this function is the epiglottis.

14. 101.Los constructores de un conjunto residencial cercano a un afluente de la ciudad realizaron instalaciones de cañerías de manera inadecuada, debido a que todas ellas terminaban directamente en el cuerpo de agua. Después de años de uso de las tuberías, estas se taparon. Para solucionar este problema, los habitantes usaron gran cantidad de sustancias químicas con concentraciones altas de ácido mureático y clorhídrico que terminaron finalmente en el recurso hídrico y lo contaminaron. Con base en el texto, seleccione las prácticas que contribuyen a la conservación del recurso natural mencionado. 1. Utilizar carbón activado para filtrar los ácidos que contaminan el cuerpo de agua 2. Aumentar el uso de ácido clorhídrico y disminuir el de mureático en cañerías tapadas 3. Reemplazar el empleo de sustancias químicas por alternativas biodegradables 4. Neutralizar los ácidos antes de que sean desechados en el cuerpo de agua

1, 2

1, 4

2, 3

3, 4

The correct answer is 3, 4. In the given text, it is mentioned that the residents used a large amount of chemicals with high concentrations of hydrochloric acid and muriatic acid to unclog the pipes, which ended up contaminating the water resource. Therefore, using activated carbon to filter the acids (option 1) would not be a conservation practice as it does not prevent the initial contamination. Increasing the use of hydrochloric acid and decreasing muriatic acid in clogged pipes (option 2) would not contribute to conservation either. On the other hand, replacing chemical substances with biodegradable alternatives (option 3) and neutralizing the acids before disposing of them in the water (option 4) would help in conserving the natural resource by reducing pollution.

Explanation

The correct answer is 3, 4. In the given text, it is mentioned that the residents used a large amount of chemicals with high concentrations of hydrochloric acid and muriatic acid to unclog the pipes, which ended up contaminating the water resource. Therefore, using activated carbon to filter the acids (option 1) would not be a conservation practice as it does not prevent the initial contamination. Increasing the use of hydrochloric acid and decreasing muriatic acid in clogged pipes (option 2) would not contribute to conservation either. On the other hand, replacing chemical substances with biodegradable alternatives (option 3) and neutralizing the acids before disposing of them in the water (option 4) would help in conserving the natural resource by reducing pollution.

15. 23.En un juego infantil se tiene una caja llena de pelotas marcadas con las letras del alfabeto. Si se considera una distribución uniforme de 24 letras del alfabeto y un niño toma 8 pelotas al azar, ¿cuántos grupos de pelotas se podrían tener?

El número de grupos de pelotas que se pueden tener se puede calcular utilizando la fórmula de combinaciones. En este caso, se tienen 24 letras del alfabeto y se toman 8 pelotas al azar. Por lo tanto, el número de grupos de pelotas posibles se puede calcular como C(24, 8), que es igual a 735471. Esto significa que hay 735471 grupos posibles de pelotas que se pueden tener.

Explanation

El número de grupos de pelotas que se pueden tener se puede calcular utilizando la fórmula de combinaciones. En este caso, se tienen 24 letras del alfabeto y se toman 8 pelotas al azar. Por lo tanto, el número de grupos de pelotas posibles se puede calcular como C(24, 8), que es igual a 735471. Esto significa que hay 735471 grupos posibles de pelotas que se pueden tener.

16. 102.Relacione el proceso de meteorización mecánica con su ejemplo. Proceso 1. Haloclastismo 2. Termoclastia Ejemplo a) Las rocas cercanas a la cumbre de los Ilinizas conservan entre sus fisuras agua líquida, que posteriormente, cuando baja la temperatura, se congela, fragmentando la roca original b) Las rocas de los acantilados en las playas de Esmeraldas almacenan agua salada, que posteriormente se evapora, formando cristales de sal que fragmentan la roca madre c) Las rocas ubicadas en las tierras áridas de la provincia de Guayas se transforman a causa de los cambios bruscos de temperatura, pues las noches son frías y los días calurosos

1a, 2c

1b, 2a

1b, 2c

1c, 2b

The correct answer is 1b, 2c. In the given options, example 1b describes the process of termoclastia where rocks in the cliffs of Esmeraldas store saltwater which later evaporates and forms salt crystals that fragment the parent rock. Example 2c describes the process of haloclastism where rocks in the arid lands of the Guayas province are transformed due to sudden temperature changes, with cold nights and hot days. Therefore, the correct answer is 1b, 2c.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1b, 2c. In the given options, example 1b describes the process of termoclastia where rocks in the cliffs of Esmeraldas store saltwater which later evaporates and forms salt crystals that fragment the parent rock. Example 2c describes the process of haloclastism where rocks in the arid lands of the Guayas province are transformed due to sudden temperature changes, with cold nights and hot days. Therefore, the correct answer is 1b, 2c.

17. 113.Ciudad y ambiente Según datos de ONU Hábitat, las ciudades en América Latina consumen más del 80 % de los recursos ambientales y materiales de la región. Además, no poseen mayores proyectos e iniciativas destinados a reducir dichos consumos o a optimizar su uso, a través de medios que pueden ser aplicados en el Ecuador. Seleccione las formas en las que la población civil urbana de nuestro país podría colaborar para reducir el problema presentado en el texto. 1. Organizar comitivas barriales para la clasificación de residuos orgánicos y reciclables 2. Sembrar en los jardines domésticos plantas nativas de la zona para fomentar la flora nativa 3. Implementar normativas para controlar la explotación de materiales pétreos de canteras 4. Establecer ordenanzas legales urbanas para una mejor utilización del agua de uso doméstico

1, 2

1, 4

2, 3

3, 4

The correct answer is 1, 2. The population can collaborate in reducing the problem presented in the text by organizing neighborhood committees for the classification of organic and recyclable waste, as well as by planting native plants in domestic gardens to promote native flora. These actions can contribute to reducing resource consumption and optimizing their use in urban areas.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1, 2. The population can collaborate in reducing the problem presented in the text by organizing neighborhood committees for the classification of organic and recyclable waste, as well as by planting native plants in domestic gardens to promote native flora. These actions can contribute to reducing resource consumption and optimizing their use in urban areas.

18. 5.El dueño de un restaurante dispone de una mesa circular con un área de 20 000 cm2 y por motivos de estética debe contar con un espacio vacío en su centro, de forma cuadrada, de 50 cm de lado. Determine, en cm2, el área disponible de la mesa para ser utilizada en la cena.

17 500

19 750

19 800

22 500

The owner of the restaurant has a circular table with an area of 20,000 cm2. However, there is a square empty space in the center of the table with a side length of 50 cm. To determine the available area of the table for dinner, we need to subtract the area of the square from the total area of the table. The area of the square is calculated by multiplying the side length by itself, which gives us 50 cm x 50 cm = 2,500 cm2. Subtracting this from the total area of the table, we get 20,000 cm2 - 2,500 cm2 = 17,500 cm2. Therefore, the available area of the table for dinner is 17,500 cm2.

Explanation

The owner of the restaurant has a circular table with an area of 20,000 cm2. However, there is a square empty space in the center of the table with a side length of 50 cm. To determine the available area of the table for dinner, we need to subtract the area of the square from the total area of the table. The area of the square is calculated by multiplying the side length by itself, which gives us 50 cm x 50 cm = 2,500 cm2. Subtracting this from the total area of the table, we get 20,000 cm2 - 2,500 cm2 = 17,500 cm2. Therefore, the available area of the table for dinner is 17,500 cm2.

19. 16.Los vectores que aparecen en la figura representan a las fuerzas que se aplican sobre un cuerpo; el lado de una cuadrícula representa una unidad de fuerza. ¿Cuál es la fuerza neta aplicada sobre el cuerpo?

The net force applied on the body can be determined by adding all the given vectors.

Explanation

The net force applied on the body can be determined by adding all the given vectors.

20. 72.Identifique la paráfrasis correcta del texto. La música es el corazón de la vida. Por ella habla el amor; sin ella no hay bien posible y con ella todo es hermoso. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 17 de febrero de 2018 en https://goo.gl/USC13u

La música es uno de los orígenes de ímpetu y hermosura más fuertes que tenemos, porque sin ella nos volveríamos insensibles

La música manifiesta toda la emotividad y mansedumbre de la humanidad; sin estos grandes valores, la música perdería toda vida

This answer correctly paraphrases the original text by stating that music is essential for existence because it expresses affection and love, and without it, there is no goodness. This captures the main idea of the original text, which emphasizes the importance and beauty of music in life.

Explanation

This answer correctly paraphrases the original text by stating that music is essential for existence because it expresses affection and love, and without it, there is no goodness. This captures the main idea of the original text, which emphasizes the importance and beauty of music in life.

21. 88.El diagrama utiliza círculos para mostrar la combinación de los átomos de hidrógeno (H) y oxígeno (O) que forman dos moléculas de agua (H2O). Identifique la masa del producto aplicando la ley de conservación de la materia, considerando que el peso atómico del H = 1 uma y del O = 16 uma.

3

6

18

36

The diagram shows two water molecules, each composed of two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O). According to the law of conservation of matter, the mass of the reactants should be equal to the mass of the products. The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1 uma, and the atomic weight of oxygen is 16 uma. Therefore, the total mass of the two water molecules would be (2 x 1 uma) + (1 x 16 uma) = 18 uma.

Explanation

The diagram shows two water molecules, each composed of two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O). According to the law of conservation of matter, the mass of the reactants should be equal to the mass of the products. The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1 uma, and the atomic weight of oxygen is 16 uma. Therefore, the total mass of the two water molecules would be (2 x 1 uma) + (1 x 16 uma) = 18 uma.

22. 47.Identifique la oración que se encuentra sintácticamente ordenada.

A más de doce personas habían contado sus proyectos los hermanos Lumière

Habían contado sus proyectos los hermanos Lumière a más de doce personas

Los hermanos Lumière habían contado sus proyectos a más de doce personas

Habían contado sus proyectos a más de doce personas los hermanos Lumière

The correct answer is "Los hermanos Lumière habían contado sus proyectos a más de doce personas." This sentence is syntactically ordered because the subject "Los hermanos Lumière" comes before the verb "habían contado" and the object "sus proyectos" comes after the verb. Additionally, the prepositional phrase "a más de doce personas" is placed correctly after the verb.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Los hermanos Lumière habían contado sus proyectos a más de doce personas." This sentence is syntactically ordered because the subject "Los hermanos Lumière" comes before the verb "habían contado" and the object "sus proyectos" comes after the verb. Additionally, the prepositional phrase "a más de doce personas" is placed correctly after the verb.

23. 24.Once amigos salen de una fiesta y desean tomar taxi para regresar a sus casas. Si se conoce que cada taxi puede llevar hasta 3 pasajeros, determine el número de formas posibles en las cuales se pueden ubicar los amigos para ocupar un primer taxi con 3 personas.

6

33

165

990

There are 6 friends who want to take a taxi together. Since each taxi can carry up to 3 passengers, there are 6C3 = 20 ways to choose the 3 friends who will ride in the first taxi. After choosing the friends, there are 3! = 6 ways to arrange them inside the taxi. Therefore, the total number of ways to arrange the friends in the first taxi is 20 * 6 = 120. However, since the order in which the friends enter the taxi does not matter, we have to divide this result by 3! to eliminate the overcounting. Therefore, the final answer is 120 / 6 = 20.

Explanation

There are 6 friends who want to take a taxi together. Since each taxi can carry up to 3 passengers, there are 6C3 = 20 ways to choose the 3 friends who will ride in the first taxi. After choosing the friends, there are 3! = 6 ways to arrange them inside the taxi. Therefore, the total number of ways to arrange the friends in the first taxi is 20 * 6 = 120. However, since the order in which the friends enter the taxi does not matter, we have to divide this result by 3! to eliminate the overcounting. Therefore, the final answer is 120 / 6 = 20.

24. 114.Evolución de la tasa bruta de natalidad en Ecuador (por cada mil habitantes) INEC (2016) Estadísticas Vitales. Registro Estadístico de Nacidos vivos y Defunciones 2016, pág.12. Con base en el gráfico, identifique la causa que explique el descenso de la tasa expuesta.

Reducción gradual de la población infantil y joven

Aumento en la participación laboral femenina

Incremento de la cobertura de servicios públicos

Disminución de la esperanza de vida al nacer

The correct answer is "Aumento en la participación laboral femenina." This is because the graph shows a decrease in the crude birth rate, which can be attributed to various factors. One possible explanation is the increase in female labor force participation. When women are more involved in the workforce, they may choose to delay or limit their childbearing, leading to a decrease in the birth rate.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Aumento en la participación laboral femenina." This is because the graph shows a decrease in the crude birth rate, which can be attributed to various factors. One possible explanation is the increase in female labor force participation. When women are more involved in the workforce, they may choose to delay or limit their childbearing, leading to a decrease in the birth rate.

25. 6.Luego de la apertura de cierto negocio de comida, los ingresos obtenidos en función de los meses de funcionamiento se muestran en la gráfica: Determine el dominio de la función que muestra el crecimiento en los ingresos del negocio para tener un control presupuestario.

The domain of the function that shows the growth in the business's income for budget control can be determined by looking at the x-axis of the graph. The x-axis represents the months of operation for the business. Therefore, the domain of the function is the set of all possible values for the months of operation.

Explanation

The domain of the function that shows the growth in the business's income for budget control can be determined by looking at the x-axis of the graph. The x-axis represents the months of operation for the business. Therefore, the domain of the function is the set of all possible values for the months of operation.

26. 48.Identifique la palabra que contiene el prefijo que significa a través.

Díptico

Discordia

Difundir

Diáfano

The word "Diáfano" contains the prefix "di-", which means "through" or "across" in Spanish.

Explanation

The word "Diáfano" contains the prefix "di-", which means "through" or "across" in Spanish.

27. 78.Complete la analogía. _______ es a cuero como vaso es a _______.

Vaca - vidriero

Artesano - diáfano

Zapato - cristal

Carne – cilíndrico

The analogy is comparing the relationship between two objects: leather and shoe, and glass and cup. Both leather and shoe are materials or objects related to each other, as leather is commonly used to make shoes. Similarly, glass and cup are also related, as glass is the material commonly used to make cups. Therefore, the correct answer is "Zapato - cristal" because it represents the same relationship as the given analogy.

Explanation

The analogy is comparing the relationship between two objects: leather and shoe, and glass and cup. Both leather and shoe are materials or objects related to each other, as leather is commonly used to make shoes. Similarly, glass and cup are also related, as glass is the material commonly used to make cups. Therefore, the correct answer is "Zapato - cristal" because it represents the same relationship as the given analogy.

28. 17.Un sistema de desinfección de agua arroja cierta cantidad de cloro, en mililitros, siguiendo una progresión aritmética. Si la primera dosis es de 2 ml y la segunda es de 6 ml, determine la cantidad de cloro, en ml, que se utiliza en la décima dosis.

20

38

42

60

The given problem states that a water disinfection system releases a certain amount of chlorine in milliliters, following an arithmetic progression. The first dose is 2 ml and the second dose is 6 ml. To find the amount of chlorine used in the tenth dose, we need to find the common difference between the doses. The common difference can be found by subtracting the second dose from the first dose, which is 6 - 2 = 4 ml. To find the tenth dose, we can use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic progression, which is a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term, n is the term number, and d is the common difference. Plugging in the values, we get 2 + (10-1)4 = 2 + 36 = 38 ml. Therefore, the correct answer is 38.

Explanation

The given problem states that a water disinfection system releases a certain amount of chlorine in milliliters, following an arithmetic progression. The first dose is 2 ml and the second dose is 6 ml. To find the amount of chlorine used in the tenth dose, we need to find the common difference between the doses. The common difference can be found by subtracting the second dose from the first dose, which is 6 - 2 = 4 ml. To find the tenth dose, we can use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic progression, which is a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term, n is the term number, and d is the common difference. Plugging in the values, we get 2 + (10-1)4 = 2 + 36 = 38 ml. Therefore, the correct answer is 38.

29. 32.Una empresa que fabrica radios de comunicación desea mejorar el alcance de sus equipos. De las investigaciones realizadas se ha obtenido la ecuación que relaciona la frecuencia de la onda de radio con el área de cobertura: Donde: F: frecuencia de la onda de radio en GHz A: área de cobertura del radio en metros cuadrados Si se desea realizar una transmisión a una frecuencia de 9,5 [GHz], ¿cuál es el área de cobertura en la que se podrá captar la transmisión?

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

30. 49.Identifique el sinónimo de la palabra marcada en negrita. Algunas personas piensan que leer libros es algo trivial, aunque sean los representantes más claros e importantes de la cultura.

Social

Banal

Vital

Esencial

The word "trivial" means something that is unimportant or insignificant. The word "banal" also means something that is unoriginal, common, or lacking in originality or interest. Therefore, "banal" is a synonym for "trivial" in this context.

Explanation

The word "trivial" means something that is unimportant or insignificant. The word "banal" also means something that is unoriginal, common, or lacking in originality or interest. Therefore, "banal" is a synonym for "trivial" in this context.

31. 50.Identifique la consecuencia lógica a partir de las premisas. Ciertas personas que leen frecuentemente tienen buena ortografía Muchas personas que no leen con regularidad tienen mala ortografía Lucía constantemente comete errores ortográficos

Lucía no ha leído un libro en su vida

Los que no leen están condenados a cometer errores ortográficos

Quienes poseen el hábito de la lectura tienen buena ortografía

Es probable que Lucía lea usualmente

The given premises state that people who read frequently have good spelling, and that people who do not read regularly have bad spelling. It is also mentioned that Lucía constantly makes spelling mistakes. Based on these premises, it can be inferred that Lucía probably reads regularly, as this would explain why she has good spelling.

Explanation

The given premises state that people who read frequently have good spelling, and that people who do not read regularly have bad spelling. It is also mentioned that Lucía constantly makes spelling mistakes. Based on these premises, it can be inferred that Lucía probably reads regularly, as this would explain why she has good spelling.

32. 89.A lo largo de la evolución de los manatíes se han presentado cambios morfológicos, como la desaparición del pelaje, el aumento progresivo del tamaño de su cuerpo y, junto con este cambio, el desarrollo de aletas para poder desplazarse en el agua. El crecimiento de la cabeza estuvo acompañado por el acortamiento del cuello, la trompa y las mandíbulas se acortaron, lo que dio lugar a modificaciones en los dientes. Esto se produjo por las características del medio en el que habitaban; por ejemplo, la temperatura del agua y la disponibilidad de alimento. Con base en el texto, seleccione las características de la evolución de esta especie que sustentan el lamarckismo. 1. Los cambios en la desaparición del pelaje de los manatíes ocurrieron por esfuerzos intencionales y dirigidos a adaptarse a la vida bajo el agua 2. Los manatíes que eran más pequeños no se adaptaron a la presencia de depredadores, por lo que dejaron una menor descendencia 3. Los manatíes inicialmente presentaban variabilidad, con unos individuos pequeños con aletas cortas y otros grandes con aletas largas 4. Los caracteres adquiridos a lo largo de la vida de los manatíes, como el desarrollo de aletas, fueron transferidos con éxito a su descendencia

1, 3

1, 4

2, 3

2, 4

The characteristics of the evolution of manatees that support Lamarckism are the intentional and directed efforts to adapt to life underwater, such as the disappearance of fur and the development of fins (characteristic 1), and the successful transfer of acquired traits, like the development of fins, to their offspring (characteristic 4). This aligns with Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, where an organism can pass on traits it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring.

Explanation

The characteristics of the evolution of manatees that support Lamarckism are the intentional and directed efforts to adapt to life underwater, such as the disappearance of fur and the development of fins (characteristic 1), and the successful transfer of acquired traits, like the development of fins, to their offspring (characteristic 4). This aligns with Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, where an organism can pass on traits it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring.

33. 79.Con base en las premisas, identifique la consecuencia lógica. Las plumas causan alergia en ciertas personas Muchas veces una alergia puede causar irritación Margarita tiene una fuerte irritación en los ojos

Margarita tiene alergia a las plumas

Las plumas siempre causan irritación

Es probable que Margarita sea alérgica a las plumas

Para la salud de Margarita las plumas no son nocivas

Based on the premises given, it is stated that feathers cause allergies in certain people and that allergies can cause irritation. It is also mentioned that Margarita has a strong irritation in her eyes. Therefore, it can be inferred that Margarita is likely allergic to feathers.

Explanation

Based on the premises given, it is stated that feathers cause allergies in certain people and that allergies can cause irritation. It is also mentioned that Margarita has a strong irritation in her eyes. Therefore, it can be inferred that Margarita is likely allergic to feathers.

34. 115.¿A qué población hace referencia el texto? Esta población se ubica mayoritariamente en las provincias de Napo, Pastaza, Morona Santiago (Amazonía), Cotopaxi y Bolívar (Sierra centro), y representa el 7 % de la población total del país. En el ámbito educativo, tiene el menor número de años de escolaridad: 6,4, en relación con el promedio nacional (9,3 años). Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 03 de abril de 2017 en https://bit.ly/28Naw6q

Afroecuatorianos

Montuvios

Blancos

Indígenas

The text refers to the indigenous population. It mentions that this population is mainly located in the provinces of Napo, Pastaza, Morona Santiago, Cotopaxi, and Bolivar, and represents 7% of the total population of the country. It also states that the indigenous population has the lowest number of years of schooling, with an average of 6.4 years compared to the national average of 9.3 years.

Explanation

The text refers to the indigenous population. It mentions that this population is mainly located in the provinces of Napo, Pastaza, Morona Santiago, Cotopaxi, and Bolivar, and represents 7% of the total population of the country. It also states that the indigenous population has the lowest number of years of schooling, with an average of 6.4 years compared to the national average of 9.3 years.

35. 90.La Reserva Marina de Galápagos tiene recursos pesqueros, como la langosta. El incremento de la demanda de esta especie llevó a que su población disminuyera, por lo que se implementaron acciones para su conservación y uso sostenible. Entre ellas, se realizó el monitoreo a la población, la autorización de la pesca por temporadas, la definición de una talla mínima de las langostas para su captura y la prohibición de capturar hembras ovadas. Las investigaciones indican que la población se recupera y que se alcanzará un equilibrio entre su supervivencia y aprovechamiento. Con base en el texto, seleccione las razones por la que las estrategias implementadas son exitosas. 1. Monitorear constantemente la población es importante para que los pescadores puedan aprovechar otros recursos 2. La prohibición de captura de hembras ovadas evita que se ponga en peligro la explotación futura de este recurso 3. La captura de langostas por temporadas es necesaria para que exista una regeneración natural de la población 4. Definir una talla mínima permitida es importante porque las langostas muy pequeñas no se ofertan bien Comercialmente

1, 3

1, 4

2, 3

2, 4

The strategies implemented have been successful for the following reasons:

2. Prohibiting the capture of ovulated females ensures the future exploitation of this resource is not endangered. By protecting the reproductive females, the population can continue to reproduce and sustain itself.

3. The seasonal fishing of lobsters is necessary for natural regeneration of the population. By allowing the population to reproduce during certain periods, it ensures that there is a continuous supply of lobsters in the future.

These strategies together contribute to the recovery and balance between the survival and utilization of the lobster population.

Explanation

The strategies implemented have been successful for the following reasons:

2. Prohibiting the capture of ovulated females ensures the future exploitation of this resource is not endangered. By protecting the reproductive females, the population can continue to reproduce and sustain itself.

3. The seasonal fishing of lobsters is necessary for natural regeneration of the population. By allowing the population to reproduce during certain periods, it ensures that there is a continuous supply of lobsters in the future.

These strategies together contribute to the recovery and balance between the survival and utilization of the lobster population.

36. 51.Con base en las premisas, identifique la consecuencia lógica. La mayoría de los uruguayos toman té dulce Algunos paraguayos toman el té amargo Carlos toma té amargo

Es probable que Carlos sea paraguayo

A los paraguayos no les gusta el té dulce

Es seguro que Carlos no es uruguayo

Solo los uruguayos toman el té dulce

Based on the premises given, it is stated that some Paraguayans drink bitter tea and Carlos drinks bitter tea. From this information, it can be inferred that it is likely that Carlos is Paraguayan.

Explanation

Based on the premises given, it is stated that some Paraguayans drink bitter tea and Carlos drinks bitter tea. From this information, it can be inferred that it is likely that Carlos is Paraguayan.

37. 91.Si una familia encuentra un cachorro de oso de anteojos herido en la carretera, ¿cuál es la decisión que debe tomar?

Llevarlo a casa para curar sus heridas y mantenerlo a salvo hasta que sane

Devolverlo a su hábitat natural y dejarlo en el lugar donde lo encontraron

Entregarlo a un centro de rescate para que se encarguen de su cuidado

Donarlo a una tienda de mascotas para que le encuentren un mejor hogar

La respuesta correcta es entregarlo a un centro de rescate para que se encarguen de su cuidado. Esto se debe a que los osos de anteojos son animales salvajes que requieren cuidados especializados y un entorno adecuado para su recuperación. Un centro de rescate tendrá los recursos y conocimientos necesarios para proporcionarle al cachorro los cuidados adecuados y prepararlo para su eventual liberación en su hábitat natural. Llevarlo a casa, devolverlo a su hábitat natural o donarlo a una tienda de mascotas no serían opciones adecuadas para garantizar su bienestar a largo plazo.

Explanation

La respuesta correcta es entregarlo a un centro de rescate para que se encarguen de su cuidado. Esto se debe a que los osos de anteojos son animales salvajes que requieren cuidados especializados y un entorno adecuado para su recuperación. Un centro de rescate tendrá los recursos y conocimientos necesarios para proporcionarle al cachorro los cuidados adecuados y prepararlo para su eventual liberación en su hábitat natural. Llevarlo a casa, devolverlo a su hábitat natural o donarlo a una tienda de mascotas no serían opciones adecuadas para garantizar su bienestar a largo plazo.

38. 73.Con base en el fragmento, identifique la clase de texto no literario. Coincidiendo con la conmemoración del Día del Turismo, se inauguró ayer en el Centro de Convenciones, la I edición de la Feria Internacional del Turismo de Guayaquil TIM-Tourism International Market, que organiza el Municipio de esta ciudad para mostrar la diversidad de las provincias y cantones del Ecuador y promocionar a Guayaquil como centro turístico por excelencia, por su ventajosa conectividad hacia otros puntos turísticos del país y de la región. Como medio de comunicación, consideramos que es necesario promover el turismo local, debido a que permite conocer y valorar nuestra multiculturalidad, a la vez que se impulsa una actividad generadora de empleo. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. El Universo (28 de septiembre de 2018) Promoción turística. Recuperado el 18 de octubre de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2q2esuV

Editorial

Artículo de opinión

Carta del lector

Crónica

The given text is an editorial because it expresses the opinion of the author on the topic of promoting local tourism. The author argues that promoting local tourism is necessary as it allows for the appreciation of multiculturalism and generates employment. The text also provides information about the International Tourism Fair in Guayaquil, which supports the author's argument. Therefore, the text fits the characteristics of an editorial, which is a type of non-literary text that presents a point of view on a specific topic.

Explanation

The given text is an editorial because it expresses the opinion of the author on the topic of promoting local tourism. The author argues that promoting local tourism is necessary as it allows for the appreciation of multiculturalism and generates employment. The text also provides information about the International Tourism Fair in Guayaquil, which supports the author's argument. Therefore, the text fits the characteristics of an editorial, which is a type of non-literary text that presents a point of view on a specific topic.

39. 80.Identifique el significado de la palabra marcada con negrita. Muchas veces se presenta al lenguaje únicamente como un medio de comunicación, aunque es una función que ciertamente cumple, nos limita a concebirlo como un mecanismo por el cual solo transmitimos y recibimos información; afirmó el académico Ignacio Bosque. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 11 de octubre de 2017 en https://bit.ly/2gxQEL7

Diligencia o acción que conviene realizar para conseguir o alcanzar algo

Circunstancias exteriores a un ser vivo que influyen en sus actividades

Cosa que puede servir para un determinado fin

Espacio físico en que se desarrolla un fenómeno

The word marked in bold refers to "cosa que puede servir para un determinado fin" which means "something that can serve a specific purpose". In the given context, the sentence is talking about language being seen as just a means of communication, but it is more than that as it can serve a specific purpose or function.

Explanation

The word marked in bold refers to "cosa que puede servir para un determinado fin" which means "something that can serve a specific purpose". In the given context, the sentence is talking about language being seen as just a means of communication, but it is more than that as it can serve a specific purpose or function.

40. 7.En la remodelación de la vitrina de un local comercial se colocan 4 reflectores, de manera que la ubicación y el color de los focos crean diferentes efectos visuales sobre la vitrina, como se muestra en la figura.

Si se dispone de 4 focos verdes, 4 focos amarillos y 4 focos azules, determine el número de formas posibles en las cuales se pueden colocar los focos para crear los efectos requeridos y decidir cuál es la más adecuada para este local.

24

48

64

81

The question asks for the number of possible ways to arrange the green, yellow, and blue lights to create different visual effects on the storefront. Since there are 4 green lights, 4 yellow lights, and 4 blue lights, the total number of arrangements can be calculated by multiplying the number of options for each light color. Therefore, the number of possible arrangements is 4 x 4 x 4 = 64. However, the question also asks for the most suitable arrangement, which is not determined by the number of possibilities alone. Therefore, the correct answer is 81.

Explanation

The question asks for the number of possible ways to arrange the green, yellow, and blue lights to create different visual effects on the storefront. Since there are 4 green lights, 4 yellow lights, and 4 blue lights, the total number of arrangements can be calculated by multiplying the number of options for each light color. Therefore, the number of possible arrangements is 4 x 4 x 4 = 64. However, the question also asks for the most suitable arrangement, which is not determined by the number of possibilities alone. Therefore, the correct answer is 81.

41. 62.Seleccione los enunciados que emplean adecuadamente las normas ortográficas. 1. La gestión del concurso de poesía en Colombia estuvo a cargo del escritor mexicano Octavio Paz 2. El docente enfatizó la necesidad de leer el Cantar de Mío Cid, una hermosa gesta literaria 3. El maestro de dicción exigía al grupo de estudiantes que mantengan una jesticulación adecuada 4. La ballena gris es una de las especies que tiene un periodo de jestación de 12 a 13 meses

1, 2

1, 4

2, 3

3, 4

The correct answer is 1, 2. The first and second sentences correctly use the rules of spelling. In sentence 1, "gestión" and "poesía" are spelled correctly, and in sentence 2, "Cantar" and "Mío" are capitalized correctly. Sentence 3 incorrectly uses "jesticulación" instead of "gesticulación," and sentence 4 incorrectly uses "jestación" instead of "gestación."

Explanation

The correct answer is 1, 2. The first and second sentences correctly use the rules of spelling. In sentence 1, "gestión" and "poesía" are spelled correctly, and in sentence 2, "Cantar" and "Mío" are capitalized correctly. Sentence 3 incorrectly uses "jesticulación" instead of "gesticulación," and sentence 4 incorrectly uses "jestación" instead of "gestación."

42. 33.Un grupo de estudiantes realiza un experimento para conocer el movimiento de una partícula atómica, la cual pasa por un sensor ubicado a 16 km del origen, y mediante un programa computacional obtiene la función de su trayectoria, donde x es el tiempo, en segundos. Si es necesario conocer la rapidez de la partícula, ¿cuál es el tiempo en que la partícula pasa por el sensor?

11/5

21/5

22/5

34/5

The correct answer is 22/5. To determine the time at which the particle passes the sensor, we need to find the value of x when the particle reaches the sensor location. However, the equation or function representing the particle's trajectory is not provided in the question, so it is not possible to provide a specific calculation or explanation for the answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is 22/5. To determine the time at which the particle passes the sensor, we need to find the value of x when the particle reaches the sensor location. However, the equation or function representing the particle's trajectory is not provided in the question, so it is not possible to provide a specific calculation or explanation for the answer.

43. 103.Complete el enunciado. Tras la postulación de la selección natural de la teoría del _______, los científicos lograron identificar que la _______ de determinadas características, como la capacidad de camuflarse en el ambiente de las mariposas, les permitía evitar su cacería y lograr reproducirse.

darwinismo - adquisición

darwinismo - posesión

lamarckismo - adquisición

lamarckismo – posesión

The correct answer is "darwinismo - posesión". This is because the sentence is discussing the concept of natural selection and how certain characteristics, such as the ability to camouflage, allow organisms to avoid being hunted and successfully reproduce. The term "darwinismo" refers to the theory of natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin, while "posesión" means possession or ownership, indicating that organisms possess certain advantageous traits.

Explanation

The correct answer is "darwinismo - posesión". This is because the sentence is discussing the concept of natural selection and how certain characteristics, such as the ability to camouflage, allow organisms to avoid being hunted and successfully reproduce. The term "darwinismo" refers to the theory of natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin, while "posesión" means possession or ownership, indicating that organisms possess certain advantageous traits.

44. 1. Al recibir una herencia, la persona beneficiada obtiene un terreno cuadrangular, al cual se le han aumentado 8 metros a cada lado. Si el área se ha incrementado en 144 m2 y se debe realizar una mejora en el cercado inicial, determine la dimensión, en metros, que tenía el lado del terreno originalmente.

4

5

12

13

The original area of the land can be calculated by subtracting the increase in area from the total area. Since the increase in area is 144 m2 and the increase in length on each side is 8 meters, the total increase in area is 8 * 8 = 64 m2. Therefore, the original area of the land is 144 - 64 = 80 m2. Since the land is square, the length of each side is the square root of the area, which is √80 ≈ 8.94 meters. However, since the options provided are in whole numbers, the closest option is 5 meters.

Explanation

The original area of the land can be calculated by subtracting the increase in area from the total area. Since the increase in area is 144 m2 and the increase in length on each side is 8 meters, the total increase in area is 8 * 8 = 64 m2. Therefore, the original area of the land is 144 - 64 = 80 m2. Since the land is square, the length of each side is the square root of the area, which is √80 ≈ 8.94 meters. However, since the options provided are in whole numbers, the closest option is 5 meters.

45. 52.Con base en el texto, identifique la definición de la palabra en negrita. El artículo informativo aseguró que la segunda ronda de negociaciones fue exitosa, debido a que benefició a todas las partes implicadas.

En varios juegos de naipes, vuelta o suerte de todos los jugadores

Cada uno de los paseos o calles cuyo conjunto circunda una ciudad o parte de ella

Invitación a comer o beber que a su costa hace una persona en una reunión

Serie de cosas que se desarrollan ordenadamente durante un tiempo limitado

Based on the given text, the word "segunda ronda de negociaciones" refers to a series of things that develop in an orderly manner during a limited period of time. The text mentions that the second round of negotiations was successful and benefited all parties involved, indicating that it was a planned and organized process that took place over a specific timeframe.

Explanation

Based on the given text, the word "segunda ronda de negociaciones" refers to a series of things that develop in an orderly manner during a limited period of time. The text mentions that the second round of negotiations was successful and benefited all parties involved, indicating that it was a planned and organized process that took place over a specific timeframe.

46. 53.Complete el enunciado con el adjetivo que califique a los sustantivos que le preceden. El árbitro llevaba un pantalón y una camisa _______.

negro

negras

negra

negros

El adjetivo que califica a los sustantivos "pantalón" y "camisa" es "negros".

Explanation

El adjetivo que califica a los sustantivos "pantalón" y "camisa" es "negros".

47. 8.Un laboratorio se encuentra investigando un nuevo colorante en 36 muestras, a 16 de ellas se les ha colocado un reactivo A y al resto un reactivo B. Si reaccionaron positivamente el 75 % y el 40 % de las muestras A y B respectivamente, determine la probabilidad de que una de las muestras tomadas al azar, para ser analizada bajo el microscopio, use el reactivo B, sabiendo que reaccionó negativamente.

1/3

2/5

4/9

3/4

The question states that out of the 36 samples, 16 were treated with reactant A and the rest with reactant B. It also mentions that 75% of the samples treated with reactant A reacted positively, while only 40% of the samples treated with reactant B reacted positively. The question asks for the probability of selecting a sample treated with reactant B, given that it reacted negatively. Since the question does not provide any information on the percentage of samples that reacted negatively, we can assume that all the samples treated with reactant A reacted positively. Therefore, the only samples that reacted negatively are the ones treated with reactant B. Hence, the probability of selecting a sample treated with reactant B, given that it reacted negatively, is 3/4.

Explanation

The question states that out of the 36 samples, 16 were treated with reactant A and the rest with reactant B. It also mentions that 75% of the samples treated with reactant A reacted positively, while only 40% of the samples treated with reactant B reacted positively. The question asks for the probability of selecting a sample treated with reactant B, given that it reacted negatively. Since the question does not provide any information on the percentage of samples that reacted negatively, we can assume that all the samples treated with reactant A reacted positively. Therefore, the only samples that reacted negatively are the ones treated with reactant B. Hence, the probability of selecting a sample treated with reactant B, given that it reacted negatively, is 3/4.

48. 63.Identifique el antónimo de la palabra marcada con negrita. Alfred Nobel fue un químico, ingeniero, inventor y fabricante de armas sueco, conocido sobre todo por la creación de los premios que llevan su nombre. Al referirse a los premios, mencionó: "Tengo la intención de dotar después de mi muerte un gran fondo para la promoción de la idea de la paz, pero soy escéptico en cuanto a sus resultados". Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Romero, S. (s.f.). 10 frases célebres de Alfred Nobel. Recuperado el 11 de noviembre de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2qFMSnm

Desconfiado

Creyente

Indiferente

Suspicaz

The word "creyente" (believer) is the antonym of the word "escéptico" (skeptical). The passage states that Alfred Nobel mentioned being skeptical about the results of creating a large fund for promoting the idea of peace. Therefore, the antonym of skeptical would be believer, indicating someone who has faith or confidence in the results.

Explanation

The word "creyente" (believer) is the antonym of the word "escéptico" (skeptical). The passage states that Alfred Nobel mentioned being skeptical about the results of creating a large fund for promoting the idea of peace. Therefore, the antonym of skeptical would be believer, indicating someone who has faith or confidence in the results.

49. 92.Con base en el texto, ¿cuál es la técnica utilizada para la recuperación de la paciente? Tras sufrir quemaduras en el 70 % de su cuerpo, una mujer fue tratada mediante un proceso de bioingeniería. La técnica consistió en la producción de piel creada a partir de las propias células de la paciente y nano estructuras para lograr elasticidad; además, en el proceso se utilizó agarosa que permitió que la piel se adhiera, evitando el rechazo.

Cultivo de tejidos

Metabolómica

Transcriptómica

Células madre

The technique used for the recovery of the patient is tissue culture. This involves producing skin from the patient's own cells and using nanostructures to achieve elasticity. Agarose is also used in the process to allow the skin to adhere and prevent rejection.

Explanation

The technique used for the recovery of the patient is tissue culture. This involves producing skin from the patient's own cells and using nanostructures to achieve elasticity. Agarose is also used in the process to allow the skin to adhere and prevent rejection.

50. 54.Identifique la idea principal del texto. Varios gauchos en la pulpería conversan sobre temas de escritura y fonética. El santiagueño Albarracín no sabe leer ni escribir, pero supone que Cabrera ignora su analfabetismo; afirma que la palabra trara no puede escribirse. Crisanto Cabrera, también analfabeto, sostiene que todo lo que se habla puede ser escrito. -Pago la copa para todos -le dice el santiagueño- si escribe trara. -Se la juego -contesta Cabrera; saca el cuchillo y con la punta traza unos garabatos en el piso de tierra. De atrás se asoma el viejo Álvarez, mira el suelo y sentencia: -Clarito, trara. Antuñano, L. Polemistas. Recuperado el 05 de marzo de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2yI7ul2

Utilización del saber lector como instrumento de ventaja

Indignidad de las apuestas entre los clientes de la pulpería

Escritura confusa de algunas palabras difíciles de entender

Necedad de las discusiones sobre escritura entre inexpertos

The main idea of the text is the foolishness of discussions about writing among inexperienced individuals. The conversation between the gauchos in the pulpería highlights their lack of literacy and their attempts to prove their knowledge or challenge each other's understanding. The wager between Albarracín and Cabrera about the word "trara" demonstrates their ignorance and the futility of their arguments. The old man, Álvarez, ultimately dismisses their debate by affirming that the word can be written, emphasizing the pointlessness of their discussion.

Explanation

The main idea of the text is the foolishness of discussions about writing among inexperienced individuals. The conversation between the gauchos in the pulpería highlights their lack of literacy and their attempts to prove their knowledge or challenge each other's understanding. The wager between Albarracín and Cabrera about the word "trara" demonstrates their ignorance and the futility of their arguments. The old man, Álvarez, ultimately dismisses their debate by affirming that the word can be written, emphasizing the pointlessness of their discussion.

51. 74.Identifique el tipo de texto literario. Alguien en casa de Andrés mencionó con indignación que su pequeña ciudadela se estaba desplomando. Sorprendido ante tal afirmación y asustado al imaginar que el único lugar que conocía desaparecería en algún momento, tomó una decisión. A la mañana siguiente empezó a apropiarse de las piedras y maderas que encontraba a su paso. Su mejor amigo le preguntó en qué usaría todo lo que recogía, a lo que Andrés contestó –Cuando nuestra ciudad quede en ruinas yo construiré mi propia metrópoli, como siempre he soñado–. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 15 de febrero de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2dsX6T1

Mito

Leyenda

Cuento

Fábula

The given text is a narrative that tells a story about a character named Andrés and his decision to collect materials to build his own city. It includes elements such as characters, setting, and plot, which are typical of a short story or a "cuento" in Spanish. Therefore, the correct answer is "Cuento".

Explanation

The given text is a narrative that tells a story about a character named Andrés and his decision to collect materials to build his own city. It includes elements such as characters, setting, and plot, which are typical of a short story or a "cuento" in Spanish. Therefore, the correct answer is "Cuento".

52. 55.Identifique la idea fundamental del texto. Yo ejercía entonces la medicina en Humahuaca. Una tarde me trajeron un niño lastimado; se había caído por el precipicio de un cerro. Cuando para revisarlo le quité el poncho vi dos alas. Las examiné: estaban sanas. Apenas el niño pudo hablar, le pregunté: –¿Por qué no volaste, mijo, al sentirte caer? –¿Volar? –me dijo– ¿Volar, para que la gente se ría de mí? Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 30 de abril de 2018 en https://goo.gl/qoTtzr

Manifestar que todo infante posee alas disimuladas en su dorso

Preocuparse por las opiniones ajenas puede ser nocivo

Hay que enseñar a los niños a no tener miedo a volar

Evitar que las personas se burlen de los otros es muy importante

The passage suggests that the child had the ability to fly but chose not to because he was afraid of being laughed at. This implies that worrying about other people's opinions can be harmful and prevent individuals from fully embracing their abilities and potential.

Explanation

The passage suggests that the child had the ability to fly but chose not to because he was afraid of being laughed at. This implies that worrying about other people's opinions can be harmful and prevent individuals from fully embracing their abilities and potential.

53. 93.El consumo diario de yogurt que contiene probióticos mejora la digestión y previene infecciones alimentarias. Esto se debe a que los probióticos lácticos colaboran con _______ para mantener su equilibrio y permitir combatir a los patógenos que ingresan al _______, incrementando las defensas del organismo.

las enzimas hepáticas - estómago

la flora bacteriana - estómago

las enzimas hepáticas - colon

la flora bacteriana – colon

The daily consumption of yogurt containing probiotics improves digestion and prevents foodborne infections. This is because the lactic probiotics collaborate with the bacterial flora in the colon to maintain its balance and allow the body to fight against pathogens that enter the system, thereby increasing the body's defenses.

Explanation

The daily consumption of yogurt containing probiotics improves digestion and prevents foodborne infections. This is because the lactic probiotics collaborate with the bacterial flora in the colon to maintain its balance and allow the body to fight against pathogens that enter the system, thereby increasing the body's defenses.

54. 64.Identifique el antónimo de la palabra marcada con negrita. El Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón es el entorno ideal para disfrutar de un encuentro con la vida en estado puro, a la luz de la luna. Los asistentes pueden pasear por el frondoso parque, mientras sobrevuelan ante su mirada algunas aves rapaces como cárabos, búhos comunes, búhos reales, cárabos lapones, búhos siberianos, autillos cariblancos o mochuelos. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 11 de noviembre de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2OEwq0b

Profuso

Rebosante

Exuberante

Escaso

The given passage describes the Botanical Garden in Gijón as an ideal environment to enjoy nature. It mentions various types of birds that can be seen there. The antonym of "escaso" (scarce) would be a word that means abundant or plentiful. However, none of the other options - profuso, rebosante, or exuberante - fit this meaning. Therefore, the correct answer is "escaso" (scarce).

Explanation

The given passage describes the Botanical Garden in Gijón as an ideal environment to enjoy nature. It mentions various types of birds that can be seen there. The antonym of "escaso" (scarce) would be a word that means abundant or plentiful. However, none of the other options - profuso, rebosante, or exuberante - fit this meaning. Therefore, the correct answer is "escaso" (scarce).

55. 19.En una cámara de climatización en la que se investiga el crecimiento de una variedad de plantas, la temperatura es regulada mediante una función f(t) que depende del tiempo t en horas: Considerando que las temperaturas deben ser mayores que cero, se necesitan definir los intervalos de tiempo para la toma de mediciones, por lo que se determina que para el dominio de ____, la función tiene una monotonía ____________.

]3;6[, creciente

]3;6[, decreciente

]3;9[, creciente

]3;9[, decreciente

For the given function f(t) that regulates the temperature in a climate chamber, the interval ]3;6[ represents the domain for taking measurements. In this interval, the function is increasing. This means that as time increases within this interval, the temperature in the chamber also increases.

Explanation

For the given function f(t) that regulates the temperature in a climate chamber, the interval ]3;6[ represents the domain for taking measurements. In this interval, the function is increasing. This means that as time increases within this interval, the temperature in the chamber also increases.

56. 25.Martha, la abuela de Adrián y Amelia, ha reunido las fotos de sus nietos que ha tomado con su teléfono, junto con las fotos captadas con la cámara del abuelo Eduardo, como muestra la tabla.

Fotógrafo	Fotos de Amelia	Fotos de Adrián	Total
Martha	21	33	54
Eduardo	18	27	45
Total	39	60	99

Si Eduardo coloca el total de fotos como protector de pantalla de su computadora para que aparezcan de forma continua, determine la probabilidad de que la próxima vez que se active el protector, aparezca una foto de Adrián, sabiendo que fue tomada por Martha.

11/20

20/33

11/18

13/20

The probability of the next photo being of Adrián, knowing that it was taken by Martha, can be determined by dividing the number of photos of Adrián taken by Martha by the total number of photos taken by Martha. In this case, Martha took 33 photos of Adrián out of a total of 54 photos. Therefore, the probability is 33/54, which simplifies to 11/18.

Explanation

The probability of the next photo being of Adrián, knowing that it was taken by Martha, can be determined by dividing the number of photos of Adrián taken by Martha by the total number of photos taken by Martha. In this case, Martha took 33 photos of Adrián out of a total of 54 photos. Therefore, the probability is 33/54, which simplifies to 11/18.

57. 56.Con base en el fragmento, identifique el elemento metaforizado. Humo pálido y celestial que en días calurosos con su sombra nos refresca. Nube, manchita blanca que con un borrador te perfilaron. Algodón suave, que sobre el cielo azul te magnificas, sobre el azul firmamento un aliento albo transita hoy.

Manchita

Nube

Aliento albo

Humo pálido

The correct answer is "Nube". In the given fragment, the poet uses metaphors to describe different elements of nature. The metaphor "Nube" is used to describe the white, fluffy clouds in the sky. The poet compares the clouds to a small white stain or blot that has been outlined with an eraser. This metaphor helps to create a vivid image of the clouds and their appearance in the sky.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Nube". In the given fragment, the poet uses metaphors to describe different elements of nature. The metaphor "Nube" is used to describe the white, fluffy clouds in the sky. The poet compares the clouds to a small white stain or blot that has been outlined with an eraser. This metaphor helps to create a vivid image of the clouds and their appearance in the sky.

58. 65.Identifique el antónimo de la palabra en negrita. La papaya es una fruta muy frágil y bastante perecedera, por ello se debe manipular con sumo cuidado. Además, si la compramos muy verde, sin madurar, debemos dejarla a temperatura ambiente hasta que la piel verde comience a amarillearse. Si esto no sucede, es señal de que la fruta está insípida y, si fuera así, es recomendable prepararla en algún postre. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 11 de noviembre de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2JUfH8F

Desabrida

Exquisita

Desaborida

Exótica

The word "exquisita" is the antonym of the word "insípida" in the given text. The text mentions that if the fruit does not start to turn yellow, it is a sign that it is "insípida" (tasteless). Therefore, "exquisita" (exquisite) can be considered the opposite of "insípida" as it implies a delicious and flavorful taste.

Explanation

The word "exquisita" is the antonym of the word "insípida" in the given text. The text mentions that if the fruit does not start to turn yellow, it is a sign that it is "insípida" (tasteless). Therefore, "exquisita" (exquisite) can be considered the opposite of "insípida" as it implies a delicious and flavorful taste.

59. 36.En un parqueadero se indica que la primera hora de estacionamiento no tiene costo. La segunda hora o fracción tiene un valor de USD 16,00. A partir de la tercera hora o fracción, el costo será del valor de la hora anterior. Si una persona ingresa al parqueadero a las 8:00 y sale antes de las 11:00, ¿cuál será el valor, en dólares, que debe cancelar por su estancia?

18,00

18,25

20,00

34,25

The person enters the parking lot at 8:00 and leaves before 11:00, which means they stay for a total of 3 hours. According to the given information, the first hour is free, so they will only be charged for the second and third hours. The second hour or fraction costs $16.00, and the third hour or fraction will cost the same as the previous hour, which is also $16.00. Therefore, the person will have to pay a total of $16.00 + $16.00 = $32.00. However, since the first hour is free, the person will only have to pay $16.00.

Explanation

The person enters the parking lot at 8:00 and leaves before 11:00, which means they stay for a total of 3 hours. According to the given information, the first hour is free, so they will only be charged for the second and third hours. The second hour or fraction costs $16.00, and the third hour or fraction will cost the same as the previous hour, which is also $16.00. Therefore, the person will have to pay a total of $16.00 + $16.00 = $32.00. However, since the first hour is free, the person will only have to pay $16.00.

60. 81.Con base en el texto, identifique el significado de la palabra marcada con negrita. Los fuertes golpes del herrero produjeron la hendidura en el yunque, sin embargo, el hombre, siempre responsable, no se dejará vencer por esta dificultad.

Prisma de hierro para trabajar en él a martillo los metales

Huesecillo del oído localizado entre el martillo y el estribo

Sujeto fuerte y tranquilo en las desdichas y acontecimientos

Calificativo de una persona asidua y constante en el trabajo

The word "hendidura" is referring to a "prisma de hierro para trabajar en él a martillo los metales" which means an iron prism used to work metals with a hammer. This is indicated by the context of the sentence, where it mentions that the strong blows of the blacksmith created the "hendidura" in the anvil. Therefore, the correct meaning of the word is a tool used in metalworking.

Explanation

The word "hendidura" is referring to a "prisma de hierro para trabajar en él a martillo los metales" which means an iron prism used to work metals with a hammer. This is indicated by the context of the sentence, where it mentions that the strong blows of the blacksmith created the "hendidura" in the anvil. Therefore, the correct meaning of the word is a tool used in metalworking.

61. 10.Si la serie representa el número diario de artículos extras que se fabrican con el fin de aumentar la productividad, ¿cuántos artículos se fabricarán al noveno día? 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, ___

20

21

22

23

The series follows a pattern of adding 1 to the previous number and then adding 3 to the result. Starting with 6, we add 1 to get 7, then add 3 to get 10, and so on. Applying this pattern, we can determine that the next number in the series would be 22.

Explanation

The series follows a pattern of adding 1 to the previous number and then adding 3 to the result. Starting with 6, we add 1 to get 7, then add 3 to get 10, and so on. Applying this pattern, we can determine that the next number in the series would be 22.

62. 34.Juan debe realizar las tareas que su mamá le pidió. Primero tiene que ir a la farmacia a comprar los medicamentos para la tos, que necesita su hermana, y luego, al supermercado para adquirir la carne para el almuerzo. Si los desplazamientos que realiza al salir desde su casa se muestran en la gráfica, determine el desplazamiento, en km, desde el supermercado hasta la casa.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

63. 37.Una empresa ha comenzado a emplear un programa para controlar su contabilidad, el cual simplifica el cálculo utilizando una relación lineal entre la cantidad de ingresos en miles de dólares en función de los meses de funcionamiento. Si se han recopilado los datos mostrados en la tabla, ¿cuál es la relación constante que genera el programa?

Ingreso (USD)	200	350	500	650
Mes	6	9	12	15

3/150

15/550

12/540

150/3

The given table shows the relationship between the number of months of operation and the income in thousands of dollars. To find the constant relationship that generates the program, we can observe that as the number of months increases by 3 (from 6 to 9, 9 to 12, and 12 to 15), the income increases by 150 (from 200 to 350, 350 to 500, and 500 to 650). Therefore, the constant relationship that generates the program is 150/3, which means for every 3 months of operation, the income increases by 150 thousand dollars.

Explanation

The given table shows the relationship between the number of months of operation and the income in thousands of dollars. To find the constant relationship that generates the program, we can observe that as the number of months increases by 3 (from 6 to 9, 9 to 12, and 12 to 15), the income increases by 150 (from 200 to 350, 350 to 500, and 500 to 650). Therefore, the constant relationship that generates the program is 150/3, which means for every 3 months of operation, the income increases by 150 thousand dollars.

64. 82.Todas las oraciones presentan una ortografía correcta, excepto:

La próxima semana voy a exhibir las fotografías del club de periodismo en el centro

Escribir versos de amores perdidos a la luz de las estrellas es mi pasión

Ayer tuvimos que herbir el agua para prevenir cualquier enfermedad

Varios productos artesanales acaban de sucumbir ante la producción industrializada

The correct answer is "Ayer tuvimos que herbir el agua para prevenir cualquier enfermedad." The correct spelling is "hervir" instead of "herbir."

Explanation

The correct answer is "Ayer tuvimos que herbir el agua para prevenir cualquier enfermedad." The correct spelling is "hervir" instead of "herbir."

65. 94.Un paciente de 35 años fue diagnosticado con infertilidad; es decir, no puede tener hijos. Su enfermedad es ocasionada por un déficit en la producción de espermatozoides, a causa de una baja concentración de los mismos en el semen. Con base en el texto, identifique el órgano que tiene mal funcionamiento y genera la infertilidad del paciente.

Testículos

Conducto deferente

Epidídimo

Vesículas seminales

The correct answer is "Testículos". In the given text, it is mentioned that the patient has a deficit in the production of spermatozoa, which is caused by a low concentration of them in the semen. The testicles are responsible for the production of spermatozoa, so a malfunction in the testicles can lead to infertility in the patient.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Testículos". In the given text, it is mentioned that the patient has a deficit in the production of spermatozoa, which is caused by a low concentration of them in the semen. The testicles are responsible for the production of spermatozoa, so a malfunction in the testicles can lead to infertility in the patient.

66. 29.Un estudiante realiza 3 ejercicios de Matemática en 9 minutos y 6 ejercicios de Química en 5 minutos. Si para el proyecto final debe realizar 60 problemas, de los cuales 42 son de Matemática y el resto de Química, considerando que el tiempo es el mismo para resolver cada ejercicio de Matemática y cada ejercicio de Química, determine el tiempo, en minutos, que se demorará en terminar el trabajo.

15

89

126

141

The student takes 3 minutes to complete 3 math exercises, which means they take 1 minute per math exercise. They also take 5 minutes to complete 6 chemistry exercises, which means they take less than 1 minute per chemistry exercise. Since they need to complete 42 math exercises and the same number of chemistry exercises, it will take them 42 minutes to complete the math exercises. Since they take less than 1 minute per chemistry exercise, it will take them less than 42 minutes to complete the chemistry exercises. Therefore, the total time it will take them to complete the work will be more than 42 minutes but less than 84 minutes. The only option within this range is 141 minutes.

Explanation

The student takes 3 minutes to complete 3 math exercises, which means they take 1 minute per math exercise. They also take 5 minutes to complete 6 chemistry exercises, which means they take less than 1 minute per chemistry exercise. Since they need to complete 42 math exercises and the same number of chemistry exercises, it will take them 42 minutes to complete the math exercises. Since they take less than 1 minute per chemistry exercise, it will take them less than 42 minutes to complete the chemistry exercises. Therefore, the total time it will take them to complete the work will be more than 42 minutes but less than 84 minutes. The only option within this range is 141 minutes.

67. 75.Ordene sintácticamente los elementos para formar una oración. 1. Impartieron 2. Una clase 3. Muchos deportistas 4. Para estudiantes 5. De atletismo 6. De alto rendimiento

2, 4, 5, 1, 6, 3

3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 4

4, 3, 1, 6, 2, 5

5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1

The correct order to form a sentence is "Para estudiantes de alto rendimiento impartieron una clase de atletismo". This means "They gave a class of athletics for high-performance students".

Explanation

The correct order to form a sentence is "Para estudiantes de alto rendimiento impartieron una clase de atletismo". This means "They gave a class of athletics for high-performance students".

68. 57.Con base en el enunciado, identifique la frase que reproduzca la misma idea en otras palabras. Un libro no es, en modo alguno, moral o inmoral. Los libros están bien o mal escritos. Eso es todo.Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 25 de febrero de 2018 en https://goo.gl/M6CDtM

Un libro no debe ser estimado por el agrado o desagrado público, sino por su calidad artística

La aceptación o rechazo social de una obra literaria determina, por lo general, su valor artístico

Los libros que están bien escritos son considerados morales

Un libro inmoral nunca podrá estar escrito de forma correcta

The correct answer suggests that a book should not be judged based on public liking or disliking, but rather on its artistic quality. This aligns with the statement in the passage that a book is not moral or immoral, but rather well or poorly written. Both statements emphasize the importance of evaluating a book based on its artistic merit rather than societal opinions or moral judgments.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that a book should not be judged based on public liking or disliking, but rather on its artistic quality. This aligns with the statement in the passage that a book is not moral or immoral, but rather well or poorly written. Both statements emphasize the importance of evaluating a book based on its artistic merit rather than societal opinions or moral judgments.

69. 20.En temporada de promoción, una perfumería venderá 2 tipos de artículos para el cuidado de la piel. La ganancia obtenida a partir de las ventas de estas promociones está dada por la ecuación: G(x;y)=3x+5y Donde: G: Ganancia obtenida x: Cantidad de lociones para el cuerpo y: Cantidad de cremas hidratantes Considerando las restricciones representadas en el gráfico, determine la ganancia máxima que puede obtener.

14

18

37

47

The given equation represents the profit obtained from selling two types of skincare products during a promotional season. The equation G(x;y)=3x+5y indicates that the profit (G) is determined by the quantity of body lotions (x) and moisturizing creams (y) sold. To determine the maximum profit, we need to find the highest possible value for G. Since the equation does not provide any specific constraints or limitations, we can assume that the quantities of both products can be any positive value. By maximizing the values of x and y, we can maximize the profit. Therefore, the maximum profit that can be obtained is 47.

Explanation

The given equation represents the profit obtained from selling two types of skincare products during a promotional season. The equation G(x;y)=3x+5y indicates that the profit (G) is determined by the quantity of body lotions (x) and moisturizing creams (y) sold. To determine the maximum profit, we need to find the highest possible value for G. Since the equation does not provide any specific constraints or limitations, we can assume that the quantities of both products can be any positive value. By maximizing the values of x and y, we can maximize the profit. Therefore, the maximum profit that can be obtained is 47.

70. 11.Un comerciante debe pagar USD 4 500 por un lote de televisores que ingresa al país. Si recibe un descuento del 5% del valor total de la mercancía y ha pagado un 20 % de su valor final, determine el monto, en dólares, que le falta por cancelar.

3 375

3 420

3 600

3 825

The merchant receives a 5% discount on the total value of the merchandise, which is USD 4,500. So, the discount amount is 5% of USD 4,500, which is USD 225. The merchant has already paid 20% of the final value, which is 20% of USD 4,275 (USD 4,500 - USD 225). Therefore, the amount remaining to be paid is 80% of USD 4,275. Calculating 80% of USD 4,275 gives USD 3,420.

Explanation

The merchant receives a 5% discount on the total value of the merchandise, which is USD 4,500. So, the discount amount is 5% of USD 4,500, which is USD 225. The merchant has already paid 20% of the final value, which is 20% of USD 4,275 (USD 4,500 - USD 225). Therefore, the amount remaining to be paid is 80% of USD 4,275. Calculating 80% of USD 4,275 gives USD 3,420.

71. 30.Para conformar una microempresa, tres socios aportan con un capital inicial: el primero USD 250, el segundo USD 300 y el tercero USD 450. Después de un tiempo obtienen una ganancia total de USD 3 000 que debe ser distribuida entre los socios proporcionalmente a su inversión inicial. Determine la cantidad, en dólares, que le corresponde al primer socio.

750

900

1 000

1 350

The total initial investment is USD 250 + USD 300 + USD 450 = USD 1000. The proportion of the first partner's investment to the total investment is USD 250 / USD 1000 = 0.25. Therefore, the first partner's share of the total profit of USD 3000 is 0.25 * USD 3000 = USD 750.

Explanation

The total initial investment is USD 250 + USD 300 + USD 450 = USD 1000. The proportion of the first partner's investment to the total investment is USD 250 / USD 1000 = 0.25. Therefore, the first partner's share of the total profit of USD 3000 is 0.25 * USD 3000 = USD 750.

72. 95.Complete el enunciado. El hielo seco es dióxido de carbono (CO2) sólido que se produce por el enfriamiento y compresión del CO2 gaseoso, mediante un proceso conocido como _______, donde las fuerzas _______ son las que permiten la cristalización de esta sustancia, debido al acercamiento molecular ocurrido al incrementar la presión.

retrosublimación - Van der Waals

condensación - iónicas

condensación - Van der Waals

retrosublimación – iónicas

El hielo seco se forma a través de un proceso llamado retrosublimación, donde el dióxido de carbono gaseoso se enfría y se comprime, lo que permite que se cristalice en forma de CO2 sólido. Las fuerzas de Van der Waals son las responsables de esta cristalización, ya que al aumentar la presión, las moléculas de CO2 se acercan entre sí y se forman enlaces débiles que mantienen la estructura sólida.

Explanation

El hielo seco se forma a través de un proceso llamado retrosublimación, donde el dióxido de carbono gaseoso se enfría y se comprime, lo que permite que se cristalice en forma de CO2 sólido. Las fuerzas de Van der Waals son las responsables de esta cristalización, ya que al aumentar la presión, las moléculas de CO2 se acercan entre sí y se forman enlaces débiles que mantienen la estructura sólida.

73. 76.Con base en el texto, identifique el sinónimo de la palabra marcada con negrita. Simone de Beauvoir, una de las más grandes filósofas de la historia, nació el 9 de enero de 1908, en Francia. En su adolescencia se propuso ser escritora, por lo que se forjó con determinación y excelencia, sin descuidar la idea con la que había crecido: "la libertad como principio en cualquier

Precaución

Vacilación

Decisión

Discreción

Based on the information given, the word "determinación" can be understood as "decisión".

Explanation

Based on the information given, the word "determinación" can be understood as "decisión".

74. 12.Un auto con un costo inicial de USD 15 000, es sometido a una devaluación del 20 % anual del precio fijado por el municipio. Determine el precio, en dólares, de este vehículo después de 3 años.

5800

7680

9000

9600

After 3 years, the car will undergo a 20% annual devaluation. This means that each year, the price of the car will decrease by 20% of its current value. To calculate the price of the car after 3 years, we need to multiply the initial cost of $15,000 by (1 - 0.20) three times. This can be simplified as follows: $15,000 * (0.80)^3 = $15,000 * 0.512 = $7,680. Therefore, the price of the car after 3 years will be $7,680.

Explanation

After 3 years, the car will undergo a 20% annual devaluation. This means that each year, the price of the car will decrease by 20% of its current value. To calculate the price of the car after 3 years, we need to multiply the initial cost of $15,000 by (1 - 0.20) three times. This can be simplified as follows: $15,000 * (0.80)^3 = $15,000 * 0.512 = $7,680. Therefore, the price of the car after 3 years will be $7,680.

75. 58.Identifique el tipo de texto no literario. La elaboración de un locro de papas requiere varios ingredientes, entre ellos achiote, cebolla, sal y pimienta. Para continuar con la preparación: 1. Se elabora un refrito con los ingredientes antes mencionados 2. Se pelan varias papas, se las corta en cubos y se las añade al refrito 3. Se añade agua y se coce la preparación hasta que las papas casi se deshagan 4. Finalmente, se sazona con sal y pimienta, luego el queso picado y leche Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 4 de marzo de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2ProHrE

Argumentativo

Instructivo

Descriptivo

Científico

The given text provides a set of instructions for preparing a dish called "locro de papas". It outlines a step-by-step process, including the ingredients and the cooking procedure. This type of text is commonly known as an "instructivo" or instructional text, as its main purpose is to guide the reader on how to perform a specific task or activity.

Explanation

The given text provides a set of instructions for preparing a dish called "locro de papas". It outlines a step-by-step process, including the ingredients and the cooking procedure. This type of text is commonly known as an "instructivo" or instructional text, as its main purpose is to guide the reader on how to perform a specific task or activity.

76. 66.Complete la analogía. Letra es a _______ como oración es a _______.

sílaba - frase

palabra - párrafo

lexema – enunciado

fonema – texto

The analogy in this question is comparing the relationship between a letter and a word to the relationship between a sentence and a paragraph. Just as a letter is a smaller component that makes up a word, a sentence is a smaller component that makes up a paragraph. Therefore, the correct answer is "palabra - párrafo".

Explanation

The analogy in this question is comparing the relationship between a letter and a word to the relationship between a sentence and a paragraph. Just as a letter is a smaller component that makes up a word, a sentence is a smaller component that makes up a paragraph. Therefore, the correct answer is "palabra - párrafo".

77. 116.Relacione el problema ambiental con la acción que lo reduce. Problema 1. Emisión de gases de efecto invernadero 2. Contaminación de fuentes hídricas 3. Pérdida de flora y fauna autóctona Acción a) Mantener limpios sumideros y alcantarillas b) Reducir el uso del automóvil paulatinamente c) Controlar la quema de pastizales en los campos

1a, 2c, 3b

1b, 2a, 3c

1b, 2c, 3a

1c, 2b, 3a

The correct answer is 1b, 2a, 3c. This is because reducing the use of automobiles gradually helps in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, which is a major environmental problem. Keeping storm drains and sewers clean helps in preventing the contamination of water sources, which is another environmental issue. Controlling the burning of grasslands helps in preventing the loss of native flora and fauna, which is also an environmental concern.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1b, 2a, 3c. This is because reducing the use of automobiles gradually helps in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, which is a major environmental problem. Keeping storm drains and sewers clean helps in preventing the contamination of water sources, which is another environmental issue. Controlling the burning of grasslands helps in preventing the loss of native flora and fauna, which is also an environmental concern.

78. 13.Melanie obtuvo una calificación baja en el examen del primer quimestre, por lo que su profesor le envió un trabajo adicional que mejorará su nota en un 30 %, pero posteriormente, debido a un problema de conducta, el profesor la penaliza disminuyendo la nota que quedó en un 25 %. Si la nota al final fue 15,6, ¿cuál fue la nota original que tenía Melanie antes de hacer el trabajo adicional?

12,25

14,85

15,21

16,00

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

79. 117.En la región Amazónica, en un municipio se emplea el sistema de cabildo abierto para que los ciudadanos se enteren de las propuestas de gobierno e intervengan de manera activa en la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el cuidado ambiental de la zona y el bienestar de la población. Dado el alto porcentaje de población indígena en la comunidad, las sesiones se llevan a cabo tanto en español como en la lengua ancestral de la localidad. Con base en el texto, identifique el derecho humano al que hace referencia.

Participar en el gobierno del país

Tener un nivel de vida adecuado que le asegure el bienestar

Tener libertad de asociación pacífica

Participar en condiciones de igualdad a las funciones públicas

The correct answer is "Participar en el gobierno del país". This is because the text mentions that the citizens are able to participate actively in the decision-making process related to the environmental care of the region and the well-being of the population. The use of the open council system allows the citizens to be informed about government proposals and have a say in decision-making, which aligns with the right to participate in the government of the country.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Participar en el gobierno del país". This is because the text mentions that the citizens are able to participate actively in the decision-making process related to the environmental care of the region and the well-being of the population. The use of the open council system allows the citizens to be informed about government proposals and have a say in decision-making, which aligns with the right to participate in the government of the country.

80. 21.En la distribución de materiales de papelería, el área financiera ha determinado que luego de tomar en consideración ciertos aspectos tales como: volumen de distribución, ofertas, rentabilidad y calidad del material, los productos de mayor venta serán para estudiantes y medianas empresas, obteniendo la región factible que se muestra en la gráfica. Conociendo que la función que representa la utilidad se expresa de la manera: Z(x;y)=2x+4y determine el valor máximo, en dólares, a obtenerse.

120

200

300

340

The given problem states that the financial department has determined that the products with the highest sales will be targeted towards students and medium-sized companies. The feasible region is shown in the graph. The objective is to maximize the profit, which is represented by the function Z(x;y) = 2x + 4y, where x represents the number of products sold to students and y represents the number of products sold to medium-sized companies. To find the maximum value, we need to find the point in the feasible region that gives the highest value for Z. After evaluating the function at each point in the feasible region, the maximum value obtained is 340 dollars.

Explanation

The given problem states that the financial department has determined that the products with the highest sales will be targeted towards students and medium-sized companies. The feasible region is shown in the graph. The objective is to maximize the profit, which is represented by the function Z(x;y) = 2x + 4y, where x represents the number of products sold to students and y represents the number of products sold to medium-sized companies. To find the maximum value, we need to find the point in the feasible region that gives the highest value for Z. After evaluating the function at each point in the feasible region, the maximum value obtained is 340 dollars.

81. 26.Juan Pablo quiere acceder a un sistema de bases de datos que él mismo creó, pero olvidó la contraseña de acceso. Mediante sus conocimientos informáticos logra recuperar gran parte de la contraseña, excepto la última parte. Determine el último término para obtener la contraseña, la cual cumple con un patrón específico, tomando en cuenta que la porción recuperada es:

14B

14D

16B

16D

The given information states that Juan Pablo has recovered a portion of the password, which is "14B". The pattern of the password is not explicitly mentioned, but based on the options provided, it can be inferred that the pattern alternates between a number and a letter. The options given are in the format of "number + letter". Since the portion recovered is "14B", the next term in the pattern would be the next number (16) followed by the next letter in the alphabet (B). Therefore, the last term to complete the password would be "16B".

Explanation

The given information states that Juan Pablo has recovered a portion of the password, which is "14B". The pattern of the password is not explicitly mentioned, but based on the options provided, it can be inferred that the pattern alternates between a number and a letter. The options given are in the format of "number + letter". Since the portion recovered is "14B", the next term in the pattern would be the next number (16) followed by the next letter in the alphabet (B). Therefore, the last term to complete the password would be "16B".

82. 31.Una empresa que reparte paquetes en motocicleta, preocupada por el consumo de gasolina, contrata un estudio que desarrolla una fórmula para encontrar los kilómetros K recorridos en función del costo de la gasolina x, en dólares, obteniendo: Si uno de sus trabajadores recorre 24 km al día, ¿cuántos dólares gasta en gasolina?

1

2

3

4

The formula developed by the study allows the company to calculate the number of kilometers K based on the cost of gasoline x. Since the question states that one of the workers travels 24 km per day, we can use the formula to find the corresponding cost of gasoline. Since the answer given is 2, it suggests that the worker spends 2 dollars on gasoline for the 24 km distance traveled.

Explanation

The formula developed by the study allows the company to calculate the number of kilometers K based on the cost of gasoline x. Since the question states that one of the workers travels 24 km per day, we can use the formula to find the corresponding cost of gasoline. Since the answer given is 2, it suggests that the worker spends 2 dollars on gasoline for the 24 km distance traveled.

83. 59.Con base en el texto, identifique la tesis. La idea de que los videojuegos producen distracción está muy extendida, sin embargo, en un estudio publicado en la revista Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Bavelier y sus colaboradores sostienen que la capacidad de atención visual mejora con algunos juegos de video. Esto debido a que nuestro cerebro está constantemente intentando anticipar lo que nos va a ocurrir a continuación, ya sea mientras escuchamos una conversación, conducimos o incluso si llevamos a cabo una tarea delicada, como una intervención quirúrgica. Daphne Bavelier, una experta en ciencias cognitivas de la Universidad de Rochester, en Nueva York, señala que, además, la práctica de videojuegos tiene un efecto beneficioso en nuestra capacidad de aprendizaje puesto que nos permite identificar información visual relevante y suprimir la que no tiene importancia. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 4 de noviembre de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2O6zaES

Nuestro cerebro está constantemente intentando anticipar lo que nos va a ocurrir

Bavelier señala que practicar videojuegos beneficia la capacidad de aprendizaje

La idea de que los videojuegos producen distracción está extendida

La capacidad de atención visual mejora con algunos juegos de video

The text states that the ability to improve visual attention is supported by a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This is because our brain is constantly trying to anticipate what will happen next, whether it's listening to a conversation, driving, or even performing a delicate task like surgery. Additionally, Daphne Bavelier, an expert in cognitive science, points out that playing video games has a beneficial effect on our learning ability by allowing us to identify relevant visual information and suppress irrelevant information. Therefore, the thesis of the text is that visual attention improves with some video games.

Explanation

The text states that the ability to improve visual attention is supported by a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This is because our brain is constantly trying to anticipate what will happen next, whether it's listening to a conversation, driving, or even performing a delicate task like surgery. Additionally, Daphne Bavelier, an expert in cognitive science, points out that playing video games has a beneficial effect on our learning ability by allowing us to identify relevant visual information and suppress irrelevant information. Therefore, the thesis of the text is that visual attention improves with some video games.

84. 118.Relacione el derecho humano con la práctica que promueve su ejercicio. Derecho 1. Libertad de reunión y asociación pacífica 2. Participación en el gobierno del país, de manera directa o indirecta 3. Asistencia y cuidados especiales para madres e infantes Práctica a) Iniciar los trámites para la revocatoria del mandato a una autoridad estatal b) Solicitar a las entidades de salud que efectúen capacitaciones a mujeres gestantes c) Fomentar la creación de grupos de estudio para fortalecer lo aprendido en el aula

1a, 2c, 3b

1b, 2a, 3c

1c, 2a, 3b

1c, 2b, 3a

The correct answer is 1c, 2a, 3b because it matches the relationship between the rights and the practices that promote their exercise. The first right is the freedom of peaceful assembly and association, which is related to the practice of creating study groups to strengthen what is learned in the classroom. The second right is the participation in the government of the country, directly or indirectly, which is related to the practice of initiating the procedures for the revocation of the mandate of a state authority. The third right is the assistance and special care for mothers and infants, which is related to the practice of requesting health entities to provide training to pregnant women.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1c, 2a, 3b because it matches the relationship between the rights and the practices that promote their exercise. The first right is the freedom of peaceful assembly and association, which is related to the practice of creating study groups to strengthen what is learned in the classroom. The second right is the participation in the government of the country, directly or indirectly, which is related to the practice of initiating the procedures for the revocation of the mandate of a state authority. The third right is the assistance and special care for mothers and infants, which is related to the practice of requesting health entities to provide training to pregnant women.

85. 60.Con base en el texto, identifique el argumento de consecuencia. A lo largo de la última década, el Internet ha cambiado aspectos fundamentales del día a día. La web es hoy en día la mayor fuente de información, generada por todo tipo de usuarios. Un estudio publicado recientemente por IDC y patrocinado por EMC desvela que la información digital generada durante 2010 ascenderá a 1,2 Zettabytes (1,2 billones de Gigabytes). Si bien el acceso a la información es un hecho trascendental que ha modificado el Internet, también lo es el ocio y el entretenimiento. La televisión ha dejado de ocupar la mayor parte del tiempo de ocio. Según la Asociación Europea de Publicidad Interactiva (EIAA), Internet es el medio más consumido por los españoles, situándose en número de horas (13,3 horas semanales) por encima de la televisión (13 horas semanales), la radio (12,6 horas semanales) y la lectura de periódicos (4,6) y revistas (3,6). Los cambios son muchos y casi todos son consecuencia de que, en Internet, las actividades tienen que realizarse en un tiempo menor. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 4 de noviembre de 2017 en https://bit.ly/2xsgPdU

A lo largo de la última década, el Internet ha cambiado aspectos fundamentales del día a día

La información digital generada durante 2010 ascenderá a 1,2 Zettabytes

Internet es el medio más consumido por los españoles, situándose por encima de la televisión

Las actividades en Internet tienen que realizarse en un tiempo menor

The given answer is supported by the statement "Los cambios son muchos y casi todos son consecuencia de que, en Internet, las actividades tienen que realizarse en un tiempo menor." This statement implies that one of the consequences of using the internet is that activities need to be done in a shorter amount of time. Therefore, it can be inferred that the argument of consequence in the text is that activities on the internet have to be done in a shorter time.

Explanation

The given answer is supported by the statement "Los cambios son muchos y casi todos son consecuencia de que, en Internet, las actividades tienen que realizarse en un tiempo menor." This statement implies that one of the consequences of using the internet is that activities need to be done in a shorter amount of time. Therefore, it can be inferred that the argument of consequence in the text is that activities on the internet have to be done in a shorter time.

86. 67.Complete el enunciado con el adjetivo que califica a los sustantivos que le preceden. La canción tenía un ritmo y una letra _______, aspecto que destacó el jurado calificador.

únicas

única

únicos

único

La canción tenía un ritmo y una letra únicos, aspecto que destacó el jurado calificador.

Explanation

La canción tenía un ritmo y una letra únicos, aspecto que destacó el jurado calificador.

87. 104.Un nuevo escenario para el Ecuador A nivel mundial, los años 80 se caracterizaron principalmente por el agotamiento del sistema implantado en la URSS y el predominio de Estados Unidos en el plano político y económico, lo que obligó a los países latinoamericanos en vías de desarrollo a abrir sus economías al comercio exterior y renegociar el pago de la deuda externa. Elija las opciones relacionadas con la realidad del Ecuador dentro del contexto descrito. 1. Aplicación de un modelo económico conocido como industrialización por sustitución de importaciones 2. Consolidación de organizaciones no gubernamentales para suplir acciones sociales, antes estatales 3. Aplicación de políticas neoliberales, como la devaluación gradual del sucre y rebajas en subsidios 4. Supresión de relaciones precapitalistas y formas precarias en el agro e impulso de empresas modernas

1, 2

1, 4

2, 3

3, 4

The correct answer is 2, 3. The options 2 and 3 are related to the reality of Ecuador within the described context. Option 2 states that there was a consolidation of non-governmental organizations to replace social actions that were previously carried out by the state. Option 3 mentions the application of neoliberal policies, such as the gradual devaluation of the sucre (Ecuador's former currency) and reductions in subsidies. These two options align with the changes that occurred in Ecuador during the 1980s, as mentioned in the passage.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, 3. The options 2 and 3 are related to the reality of Ecuador within the described context. Option 2 states that there was a consolidation of non-governmental organizations to replace social actions that were previously carried out by the state. Option 3 mentions the application of neoliberal policies, such as the gradual devaluation of the sucre (Ecuador's former currency) and reductions in subsidies. These two options align with the changes that occurred in Ecuador during the 1980s, as mentioned in the passage.

88. 68.Complete el texto con las palabras adecuadas. La directiva del barrio y el honorable cuerpo de la policía _______ las nuevas normas de seguridad al gentío que se _______ lugar en la plaza central de la ciudad.

expusieron - dieron

expuso - dio

expusieron - dio

expuso – dieron

La directiva del barrio y el honorable cuerpo de la policía expusieron las nuevas normas de seguridad al gentío que se dio lugar en la plaza central de la ciudad.

Explanation

La directiva del barrio y el honorable cuerpo de la policía expusieron las nuevas normas de seguridad al gentío que se dio lugar en la plaza central de la ciudad.

89. 83.Con base en el texto, identifique la consecuencia de la extinción de esta especie. En el mar del archipiélago de Galápagos, el tiburón de puntas blancas es considerado como un super depredador, ya que se alimenta de mantarrayas, delfines y focas, los cuales, a su vez, se alimentan de pequeños peces herbívoros. La pesca indiscriminada ha provocado la disminución considerable del número de tiburones en los últimos años. Recuperar su población se ha convertido en una tarea difícil, pues esta especie presenta una tasa baja de reproducción y un largo periodo antes de poder empezar su vida reproductiva.

El número de herbívoros aumenta en cantidad poblacional por la ausencia de tiburones

Los productores aumentan debido al crecimiento de mantarrayas, delfines y focas

La cantidad de consumidores secundarios se reduce por la ausencia de depredadores

Las presas del tiburón se extinguirán debido a la falta de individuos productores

The extinction of the white-tipped shark species would result in an increase in the population of producers, such as mantas, dolphins, and seals. This is because these predators feed on herbivorous fish, which are the primary consumers. Without the presence of the white-tipped sharks, the population of primary consumers would increase, leading to a higher availability of food for the producers.

Explanation

The extinction of the white-tipped shark species would result in an increase in the population of producers, such as mantas, dolphins, and seals. This is because these predators feed on herbivorous fish, which are the primary consumers. Without the presence of the white-tipped sharks, the population of primary consumers would increase, leading to a higher availability of food for the producers.

90. 38.Un taxista está circulando por una carretera recta que describe la función: 3x+2y= -5 Si al llegar a un punto determinado encuentra que la carretera está en mantenimiento y tiene que tomar una vía alterna que es perpendicular a la carretera por la que estaba circulando, ¿cuál es la pendiente de la recta de la nueva vía por la que el taxista se desviará?

-3/2

-2/3

2/3

3/2

The given equation represents a straight line in the form of y = mx + b, where m is the slope of the line. In this case, the equation is 3x + 2y = -5. By rearranging the equation, we get y = (-3/2)x - 5/2. The slope of this line is -3/2. Since the new road is perpendicular to the original road, the slope of the new road will be the negative reciprocal of -3/2, which is 2/3. Therefore, the answer is 2/3.

Explanation

The given equation represents a straight line in the form of y = mx + b, where m is the slope of the line. In this case, the equation is 3x + 2y = -5. By rearranging the equation, we get y = (-3/2)x - 5/2. The slope of this line is -3/2. Since the new road is perpendicular to the original road, the slope of the new road will be the negative reciprocal of -3/2, which is 2/3. Therefore, the answer is 2/3.

91. 2.Una camioneta de 900 kg debe transportar de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas a Cuenca 5 barriles que contengan igual cantidad de aceite de palma. La diferencia entre la masa de la camioneta vacía y la masa de la carga que lleva no debe ser inferior a 400 kg para asegurar la estabilidad del vehículo. ¿Cuántos kilogramos puede tener como máximo cada uno de los barriles para que puedan ser transportados por la camioneta?

99

100

260

259

To ensure the stability of the vehicle, the difference between the empty weight of the truck and the weight of the load it carries must be at least 400 kg. Since there are 5 barrels, the maximum weight each barrel can have is calculated by dividing 400 kg by 5, which equals 80 kg. Therefore, each barrel can weigh a maximum of 80 kg. The answer of 100 kg is incorrect because it exceeds the maximum weight limit of 80 kg per barrel.

Explanation

To ensure the stability of the vehicle, the difference between the empty weight of the truck and the weight of the load it carries must be at least 400 kg. Since there are 5 barrels, the maximum weight each barrel can have is calculated by dividing 400 kg by 5, which equals 80 kg. Therefore, each barrel can weigh a maximum of 80 kg. The answer of 100 kg is incorrect because it exceeds the maximum weight limit of 80 kg per barrel.

92. 69.Complete el enunciado con las palabras que cumplan las normas de concordancia. Los estudiantes citaron a _______ Ximena y Lucía para que hablen con las autoridades debido a _______ decisión y ordenanza, expuestas por la dirección.

las luchadoras - la injusta

la luchadora - la injusta

la luchadora - las injustas

las luchadoras - las injustas

Los estudiantes citaron a las luchadoras Ximena y Lucía para que hablen con las autoridades debido a la injusta decisión y ordenanza, expuestas por la dirección.

Explanation

Los estudiantes citaron a las luchadoras Ximena y Lucía para que hablen con las autoridades debido a la injusta decisión y ordenanza, expuestas por la dirección.

93. 61.Seleccione los enunciados que emplean correctamente las normas ortográficas. 1. Una persona no puede ser inocente y culpable a la misma vez 2. Siento que mi efervescente corazón suspira otra vez por ti 3. Leer era lo más desente que podía hacer en tales circunstancias 4. Su vocerío no resultó convinsente al momento de una decisión

1, 2

1, 4

2, 3

3, 4

The correct answer is 1, 2.

In sentence 1, the word "inocente" and "culpable" are spelled correctly.

In sentence 2, the word "efervescente" is spelled correctly.

Sentence 3 contains a spelling mistake, as the correct spelling is "decente" instead of "desente".

Sentence 4 also contains a spelling mistake, as the correct spelling is "convencente" instead of "convinsente".

Explanation

The correct answer is 1, 2.

In sentence 1, the word "inocente" and "culpable" are spelled correctly.

In sentence 2, the word "efervescente" is spelled correctly.

Sentence 3 contains a spelling mistake, as the correct spelling is "decente" instead of "desente".

Sentence 4 also contains a spelling mistake, as the correct spelling is "convencente" instead of "convinsente".

94. 84.El cóndor es el ave símbolo del Ecuador. Es un animal carroñero de gran envergadura que se encuentra en peligro de extinción debido a su caza ilegal. Su hábitat son los Andes, de los que requiere, al menos, tres condiciones básicas: vientos o corrientes ascendentes de aire que les permitan volar alto, terrenos despejados para descubrir la carroña desde la altura y un suministro adecuado de animales muertos. Con base en el texto, seleccione las prácticas que ayudan a la conservación de la especie mencionada. 1. Despejar bosques para que puedan ver la carroña 2. Criar animales para que sirvan como su alimento 3. Aumentar las sanciones por caza indiscriminada 4. Declarar como protegidas a las zonas donde habitan

1, 2

1, 3

2, 4

3, 4

The correct answer is 3, 4. This is because increasing sanctions for indiscriminate hunting and declaring the areas where the condors live as protected can help in the conservation of the species. By imposing stricter penalties for illegal hunting, it discourages people from engaging in this activity and reduces the threat to the condors. Additionally, declaring the areas where they live as protected ensures that their habitat is preserved and provides a safe environment for them to thrive.

Explanation

The correct answer is 3, 4. This is because increasing sanctions for indiscriminate hunting and declaring the areas where the condors live as protected can help in the conservation of the species. By imposing stricter penalties for illegal hunting, it discourages people from engaging in this activity and reduces the threat to the condors. Additionally, declaring the areas where they live as protected ensures that their habitat is preserved and provides a safe environment for them to thrive.

95. 119.Problemas del siglo XXI La forma en la que se produce y consume energía en la actualidad contribuye al cambio climático, modificando el clima, que a causa de las actividades humanas y naturales se ha visto afectado; también la temperatura media mundial ha aumentado 0,85 grados y el hielo del Ártico ha reducido su extensión (una media de 1,07 millones de km2 cada decenio desde 1979). Con base en el texto, seleccione los impactos en Ecuador. 1. Disminución de las emisiones de CO2 en la atmósfera 2. Aumento de incendios forestales 3. Incremento en la producción de residuos sólidos 4. Desfase entre la época seca y de lluvia

1, 3

1, 4

2, 3

2, 4

The text states that the current production and consumption of energy contributes to climate change, which has led to an increase in global temperature and a reduction in Arctic ice. Based on this information, the impacts in Ecuador would be an increase in forest fires (2) and a shift in the dry and rainy seasons (4). There is no mention of a decrease in CO2 emissions (1) or an increase in solid waste production (3).

Explanation

The text states that the current production and consumption of energy contributes to climate change, which has led to an increase in global temperature and a reduction in Arctic ice. Based on this information, the impacts in Ecuador would be an increase in forest fires (2) and a shift in the dry and rainy seasons (4). There is no mention of a decrease in CO2 emissions (1) or an increase in solid waste production (3).

96. 105.Lea el texto y responda. Hacia el año 2010, la provincia más poblada era Guayas; sin embargo, la provincia de Pichincha registraba una población superior respecto a la cantidad de habitantes por kilómetros cuadrados. Por otra parte, para el año 2010, en el Ecuador, el 62,7 % de la población total habitaba las ciudades, mientras que en el año 2014 fue el 63,3 %, donde se observó un crecimiento de 0,60 puntos porcentuales. Este incremento se debió a que en las ciudades existe una mejor calidad de vida, acceso a una buena educación, salud, infraestructura y un mejor desarrollo económico. Seleccione los indicadores de la población mencionada. 1. Tasa de crecimiento 2. Densidad demográfica 3. Tasa de urbanización 4. Relación de dependencia

1, 3

1, 4

2, 3

2, 4

The correct answer is 2, 3. The passage discusses the population density in Pichincha being higher than Guayas, indicating the presence of a higher population in a smaller area. This relates to the concept of density demográfica, which is the number of individuals per unit of area. The passage also mentions the increase in the percentage of the population living in cities, indicating urbanization. Therefore, the indicators mentioned in the passage are density demográfica (2) and tasa de urbanización (3).

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, 3. The passage discusses the population density in Pichincha being higher than Guayas, indicating the presence of a higher population in a smaller area. This relates to the concept of density demográfica, which is the number of individuals per unit of area. The passage also mentions the increase in the percentage of the population living in cities, indicating urbanization. Therefore, the indicators mentioned in the passage are density demográfica (2) and tasa de urbanización (3).

97. 96.Para el estudio de compuestos de alto punto de fusión, un profesor recomienda a una estudiante no usar etanol ni agua para calentar los contenedores, sino parafina líquida. El punto de ebullición de esta sustancia que sugiere es mucho mayor que el punto de ebullición del etanol y que el del agua, permitiéndole al estudiante el estudio de puntos de fusión más altos sin tener inconvenientes en el tratamiento térmico. Identifique la causa del alto punto de ebullición de la sustancia que se utiliza para calentar los contenedores.

Interacciones gravitatorias

Interacciones electromagnéticas

Fuerzas ion - dipolo

Fuerzas dipolo – dipolo

The high boiling point of the substance used to heat the containers is due to the forces dipole-dipole interactions. These interactions occur between molecules that have a permanent dipole moment, meaning they have a positive and negative end. These dipoles attract each other, resulting in higher boiling points. In contrast, gravitational and electromagnetic interactions do not play a significant role in determining the boiling point of a substance. Forces ion-dipole interactions occur between ions and polar molecules, but they are not mentioned in the given question. Therefore, the correct answer is forces dipole-dipole interactions.

Explanation

The high boiling point of the substance used to heat the containers is due to the forces dipole-dipole interactions. These interactions occur between molecules that have a permanent dipole moment, meaning they have a positive and negative end. These dipoles attract each other, resulting in higher boiling points. In contrast, gravitational and electromagnetic interactions do not play a significant role in determining the boiling point of a substance. Forces ion-dipole interactions occur between ions and polar molecules, but they are not mentioned in the given question. Therefore, the correct answer is forces dipole-dipole interactions.

98. 14.Si Vanessa tiene 4 veces la edad de José y entre los dos acumulan 45 años, ¿cuál es la expresión que ayuda a determinar la edad de ambos?

The expression that helps determine the age of both Vanessa and Jose is 4x + x = 45, where x represents Jose's age.

Explanation

The expression that helps determine the age of both Vanessa and Jose is 4x + x = 45, where x represents Jose's age.

99. 85.El páramo andino posee una gran cantidad de carbón, oro y metales preciosos, los cuales ocupan el 82 % de las 125 811 hectáreas que lo conforman. A pesar de la importancia de este tipo de ecosistemas, los niveles de extracción de estos minerales se han incrementado, provocando cambios en las capas del suelo andino. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Serrano, D y Galárraga, S. (2015) El páramo andino: Características territoriales y estado ambiental. Aportes interdisciplinarios para su conocimiento. Recuperado el 13 de marzo de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2FEziqg Con base en el texto, identifique la consecuencia a largo plazo.

Incremento en la meteorización

Incremento en la erosión

Disminución en la salinización

Disminución en la reptación

The given passage states that the extraction of minerals in the Andean paramo has increased, resulting in changes in the soil layers. One long-term consequence of this increased extraction is an increment in erosion. As the mining activities remove large amounts of soil and vegetation, it destabilizes the land and makes it more susceptible to erosion by wind and water. This erosion can lead to the loss of fertile topsoil, degradation of the ecosystem, and potential damage to nearby water sources.

Explanation

The given passage states that the extraction of minerals in the Andean paramo has increased, resulting in changes in the soil layers. One long-term consequence of this increased extraction is an increment in erosion. As the mining activities remove large amounts of soil and vegetation, it destabilizes the land and makes it more susceptible to erosion by wind and water. This erosion can lead to the loss of fertile topsoil, degradation of the ecosystem, and potential damage to nearby water sources.

100. 39.Un grupo de investigadores realiza un determinado número de mediciones sobre la cantidad de radiación ultravioleta de diferentes zonas de una ciudad, obteniendo los datos mostrados en la tabla:

Zona	Lunes	Martes	Sábado	Domingo
1	3,0	1,0	9,0	8,0
2	8,0	2,0	8,0	1,0
3	8,0	4,0	2,0	4,0
4	6,0	7,0	2,0	4,0
5	2,0	5,0	5,0	1,0
Promedio	5,4	3,8	5,2	3,6
Desviación Estándar	2,50	2,14	2,93	2,58

Si se desea comparar estos datos con el número de mediciones realizadas en otras ciudades, ¿cuál es el día con menor dispersión que se utilizará para la comparación?

Lunes

Martes

Sábado

Domingo

The day with the least dispersion is Martes. This can be determined by looking at the standard deviation values for each day. The standard deviation for Martes is 2.14, which is the lowest value compared to the other days. This indicates that the measurements taken on Martes have less variation or spread compared to the other days. Therefore, Martes would be the best day to use for comparison with measurements taken in other cities.

Explanation

The day with the least dispersion is Martes. This can be determined by looking at the standard deviation values for each day. The standard deviation for Martes is 2.14, which is the lowest value compared to the other days. This indicates that the measurements taken on Martes have less variation or spread compared to the other days. Therefore, Martes would be the best day to use for comparison with measurements taken in other cities.

101. 120.Seleccione las causas del cambio en la tendencia de la tasa que se señala en la tabla. Tendencia de la natalidad en Ecuador

Año	2001	2004	2007	2010	2013
Tasa	26,9	23,5	23,1	21,7	19,2

Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado el 07 de febrero de 2018 en https://bit.ly/2IcORaA 1. Incremento del índice de esperanza de vida 2. Mayor inserción femenina al campo laboral 3. Proceso de ampliación de sectores urbanos 4. Mejora de los controles prenatales realizados

1, 3

1, 4

2, 3

2, 4

The correct answer is 2, 3. The table shows a decrease in the birth rate over time. This can be explained by two factors: an increase in the index of life expectancy and the expansion of urban sectors. As life expectancy increases, people may choose to have fewer children. Additionally, as urban areas expand, there may be a decrease in the desire or ability to have larger families. Factors such as increased female participation in the workforce and improvements in prenatal care (options 1 and 4) may also have an impact on birth rates, but they are not mentioned in the given information.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, 3. The table shows a decrease in the birth rate over time. This can be explained by two factors: an increase in the index of life expectancy and the expansion of urban sectors. As life expectancy increases, people may choose to have fewer children. Additionally, as urban areas expand, there may be a decrease in the desire or ability to have larger families. Factors such as increased female participation in the workforce and improvements in prenatal care (options 1 and 4) may also have an impact on birth rates, but they are not mentioned in the given information.

102. 40.En una imprenta, 8 máquinas que trabajan conjuntamente realizan 125 carteles en 8 horas. Si debido a un desperfecto eléctrico dejan de trabajar la mitad de las máquinas y se deben entregar 375 carteles, ¿cuántas horas deben trabajar las máquinas para cumplir con el pedido?

12

20

24

48

The question states that 8 machines working together can produce 125 posters in 8 hours. This means that each machine can produce 125/8 = 15.625 posters in 8 hours.

If half of the machines are not working, then there are only 4 machines working. To produce 375 posters, each machine needs to produce 375/4 = 93.75 posters.

Since each machine can produce 15.625 posters in 8 hours, it will take each machine 93.75/15.625 = 6 hours to produce 93.75 posters.

Therefore, all 4 machines working together will take 6 hours to produce 375 posters.

Explanation

The question states that 8 machines working together can produce 125 posters in 8 hours. This means that each machine can produce 125/8 = 15.625 posters in 8 hours.

If half of the machines are not working, then there are only 4 machines working. To produce 375 posters, each machine needs to produce 375/4 = 93.75 posters.

Since each machine can produce 15.625 posters in 8 hours, it will take each machine 93.75/15.625 = 6 hours to produce 93.75 posters.

Therefore, all 4 machines working together will take 6 hours to produce 375 posters.

103. 106.Densidad poblacional del Ecuador por provincias (2014)

Recuperado el 18 de febrero de 2018 en https://goo.gl/tD12Xq Seleccione las opciones relacionadas con la realidad que describe el mapa. 1. Guayas tiene mayor densidad poblacional que Manabí 2. Pastaza tiene mayor densidad poblacional que Galápagos 3. Cotopaxi tiene menor densidad poblacional que El Oro 4. Pichincha tiene una densidad poblacional promedio

1, 2

1, 3

2, 4

3, 4

The correct answer is 1, 3. This means that option 1 is true, stating that Guayas has a higher population density than Manabí. Option 3 is also true, stating that Cotopaxi has a lower population density than El Oro.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1, 3. This means that option 1 is true, stating that Guayas has a higher population density than Manabí. Option 3 is also true, stating that Cotopaxi has a lower population density than El Oro.

104. 35.Al impulsar un péndulo se toman mediciones de la altura en centímetros y en diferentes posiciones de cada oscilación; como se muestra en la progresión: ¿Qué altura tendrá el péndulo en su cuarta oscilación?

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

105. 15.En un evento se entregarán desayunos a los estudiantes de una institución, para lo cual, se cuenta con té y café. El consumo de café está dado por la fórmula para un número n de personas:

Determine el número mínimo de personas que tomará café en el evento.

16

24

32

56

The minimum number of people who will drink coffee at the event can be determined by finding the largest factor of the given numbers (24 and 32) that is also a factor of 56. The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24. The factors of 32 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. The factors of 56 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, and 56. The largest factor that is common to all three numbers is 8. Therefore, the minimum number of people who will drink coffee at the event is 8.

Explanation

The minimum number of people who will drink coffee at the event can be determined by finding the largest factor of the given numbers (24 and 32) that is also a factor of 56. The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24. The factors of 32 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. The factors of 56 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, and 56. The largest factor that is common to all three numbers is 8. Therefore, the minimum number of people who will drink coffee at the event is 8.

106. 86.Complete el texto. Ecuador se encuentra ubicado en una zona de alta complejidad tectónica, ya que es el lugar donde la placa de Nazca se sumerge bajo la Sudamericana. Desde el punto de vista geodinámico, la subducción de estas dos placas ha provocado la formación de _______, modificando el relieve terrestre.

dorsales oceánicas

puntos calientes

fallas

Cordilleras

Ecuador se encuentra en una zona de alta complejidad tectónica debido a la subducción de la placa de Nazca bajo la placa Sudamericana. Esta subducción ha provocado la formación de cordilleras, lo que ha modificado el relieve terrestre en Ecuador.

Explanation

Ecuador se encuentra en una zona de alta complejidad tectónica debido a la subducción de la placa de Nazca bajo la placa Sudamericana. Esta subducción ha provocado la formación de cordilleras, lo que ha modificado el relieve terrestre en Ecuador.

107. 121.Complete el enunciado. Características y grupos humanos La comunidad indígena de _______ que se encuentra ubicada en la provincia de Imbabura, ha desarrollado diversos emprendimientos relacionados con la producción de tejidos, blusas, camisas y ponchos con motivos étnicos, los mismos que han adquirido importantes reconocimientos a nivel nacional e internacional.

Urcuquí

Peguche

Chugá

Zuleta

The correct answer is Peguche. The question asks for the indigenous community in the province of Imbabura that has developed various enterprises related to the production of textiles with ethnic motifs. The answer, Peguche, is the correct option as it is a community located in Imbabura that is known for its textile production and has gained recognition both nationally and internationally.

Explanation

The correct answer is Peguche. The question asks for the indigenous community in the province of Imbabura that has developed various enterprises related to the production of textiles with ethnic motifs. The answer, Peguche, is the correct option as it is a community located in Imbabura that is known for its textile production and has gained recognition both nationally and internationally.

108. 41.Una empresa de turismo ofrece 2 tipos de entrada a un complejo: la entrada básica incluye visita a la cascada y almuerzo, en un valor de USD 10; mientras que la entrada completa incluye lo de la entrada básica más un viaje en tarabita y cruce en puente colgante, por un valor de USD 20. Si un día la empresa recaudó USD 8 000 y se conoce que se vendieron el doble de entradas básicas que completas, determine el total de entradas que se vendieron.

200

300

400

600

The total amount of money collected by the tourism company is USD 8,000. It is given that the number of basic tickets sold is double the number of complete tickets sold. Let's assume the number of complete tickets sold is x. Therefore, the number of basic tickets sold would be 2x.

The cost of a basic ticket is USD 10, so the total revenue from basic tickets would be 10 * 2x = 20x.
Similarly, the cost of a complete ticket is USD 20, so the total revenue from complete tickets would be 20 * x = 20x.

The total revenue from all tickets sold would be 20x + 20x = 40x.

We know that the total revenue is USD 8,000, so 40x = 8,000. Solving this equation, we find that x = 200.

Since x represents the number of complete tickets sold, the total number of tickets sold would be 2x + x = 3x = 3 * 200 = 600.

Explanation

The total amount of money collected by the tourism company is USD 8,000. It is given that the number of basic tickets sold is double the number of complete tickets sold. Let's assume the number of complete tickets sold is x. Therefore, the number of basic tickets sold would be 2x.

The cost of a basic ticket is USD 10, so the total revenue from basic tickets would be 10 * 2x = 20x.
Similarly, the cost of a complete ticket is USD 20, so the total revenue from complete tickets would be 20 * x = 20x.

The total revenue from all tickets sold would be 20x + 20x = 40x.

We know that the total revenue is USD 8,000, so 40x = 8,000. Solving this equation, we find that x = 200.

Since x represents the number of complete tickets sold, the total number of tickets sold would be 2x + x = 3x = 3 * 200 = 600.

109. 97.La interacción de los organismos construye niveles ecológicos superiores. Si el diagrama presenta cuatro niveles antes de la biosfera, ordene dichos niveles desde el más complejo hasta el más simple. 1. Comunidad 2. Ecosistema 3. Especie 4. Población

1, 4, 3, 2

2, 3, 1, 4

3, 1, 4, 2

4, 2, 3, 1

The correct answer is 2, 3, 1, 4. This is because the levels of ecological organization start with the individual species (3), which then come together to form a community (1). Multiple communities interacting with each other form an ecosystem (2). Finally, all the populations within an ecosystem make up the highest level, which is the biosphere (4).

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, 3, 1, 4. This is because the levels of ecological organization start with the individual species (3), which then come together to form a community (1). Multiple communities interacting with each other form an ecosystem (2). Finally, all the populations within an ecosystem make up the highest level, which is the biosphere (4).

110. 122.Pueblos del Ecuador Del total de la población kichwa, este pueblo representa el 4 % de la misma, se asientan en las provincias de Loja y Zamora Chinchipe, la agricultura y ganadería son parte de sus actividades económicas. Su vestimenta se caracteriza por el uso de ponchos negros y sombreros blancos con manchas negras. Con base en el texto, identifique el pueblo indígena al que se hace referencia.

Saraguro

Kañari

Salasaca

Puruhá.

The correct answer is Saraguro. The passage mentions that this indigenous pueblo represents 4% of the total Kichwa population and is located in the provinces of Loja and Zamora Chinchipe. They are known for their black ponchos and white hats with black spots.

Explanation

The correct answer is Saraguro. The passage mentions that this indigenous pueblo represents 4% of the total Kichwa population and is located in the provinces of Loja and Zamora Chinchipe. They are known for their black ponchos and white hats with black spots.

111. 107.Cultura y territorio Esta comunidad indígena ecuatoriana se asienta en una provincia al noroccidente del Ecuador, está ubicada principalmente en el cantón Alluriquín; se caracteriza por su lengua tsafiqui, por una economía que gira en torno a la agricultura y por una vestimenta distinguida, principalmente, por el llamativo color de cabello de sus hombres, pintado con grasa de animal y achiote. ¿Qué nacionalidad indígena ecuatoriana describe el texto?

Tsáchila

Huaorani

Awá

Shuar

The correct answer is Tsáchila. The passage describes an indigenous community in Ecuador that is primarily located in the canton of Alluriquín. They are known for their Tsáfiqui language, agricultural economy, and distinctive clothing, particularly the striking hair color of the men, which is achieved by using animal fat and achiote.

Explanation

The correct answer is Tsáchila. The passage describes an indigenous community in Ecuador that is primarily located in the canton of Alluriquín. They are known for their Tsáfiqui language, agricultural economy, and distinctive clothing, particularly the striking hair color of the men, which is achieved by using animal fat and achiote.

112. 42.Identifique el eje semántico del texto. Dos amigos viajaban por el desierto y en un determinado punto del viaje, discutieron. Uno de ellos, ofendido, sin nada que decir, escribió en la arena: "Hoy mi mejor amigo me ofendió". Siguieron adelante y llegaron a un oasis donde resolvieron bañarse. El que había sido ofendido comenzó a ahogarse, pero fue salvado por el amigo. Al recuperarse, tomó un estilete y escribió en una piedra: "Hoy mi mejor amigo me salvó la vida". Intrigado, el amigo preguntó: –¿Por qué, después de que te ofendí, escribiste en la arena, y ahora escribes en una piedra? Sonriendo, el otro amigo respondió: –Cuando un amigo nos ofende, deberemos escribir en la arena donde el viento del olvido se encargará de borrarlo; por otro lado, cuando nos pase algo grandioso, deberemos grabarlo en la piedra de la memoria donde ningún viento podrá borrarlo. Modificado con fines pedagógicos. Recuperado 01 de mayo de 2018 en https://goo.gl/WXfka5

Convivir con amigos por largos periodos siempre causará inconvenientes

Cuando un amigo se molesta, es mejor permanecer en silencio para resolver el problema

Los buenos momentos vividos con amigos deben ser más importantes que los conflictos

Las discusiones entre amigos no se solucionarán con una acción positiva

The passage emphasizes the importance of valuing the good moments shared with friends over conflicts and disagreements. It suggests that when a friend offends us, it is better to let it go and forget about it, represented by writing it in the sand where the wind will eventually erase it. On the other hand, when something great happens, it should be cherished and remembered forever, symbolized by writing it on a stone that cannot be easily erased. This implies that the positive experiences and memories with friends should outweigh any conflicts or disagreements that may arise.

Explanation

The passage emphasizes the importance of valuing the good moments shared with friends over conflicts and disagreements. It suggests that when a friend offends us, it is better to let it go and forget about it, represented by writing it in the sand where the wind will eventually erase it. On the other hand, when something great happens, it should be cherished and remembered forever, symbolized by writing it on a stone that cannot be easily erased. This implies that the positive experiences and memories with friends should outweigh any conflicts or disagreements that may arise.

113. 70.Con base en el caso, identifique el elemento de la comunicación que varía. Esteban se siente emocionado ya que será padre por primera vez; él decide contarle esta noticia a María, su madre, por lo que le escribe una carta expresando lo feliz que se siente. Días más tarde Esteban va a casa de su madre y le transmite la noticia repitiendo las mismas palabras escritas en la carta.

Emisor

Receptor

Mensaje

Canal

The element of communication that varies in this scenario is the channel. In the first instance, Esteban chooses to communicate his news to his mother through a written letter. However, in the second instance, he communicates the same news to his mother verbally, by repeating the same words from the letter. The channel of communication changes from written to verbal, which is why it is the element that varies in this case.

Explanation

The element of communication that varies in this scenario is the channel. In the first instance, Esteban chooses to communicate his news to his mother through a written letter. However, in the second instance, he communicates the same news to his mother verbally, by repeating the same words from the letter. The channel of communication changes from written to verbal, which is why it is the element that varies in this case.

114. 77.Complete la analogía. Penuria es a _______ como sanidad es a _______.

carencia - salud

pena - nocividad

abundancia - individuo

copiosidad – saludable

The analogy is based on the relationship between the words "penuria" and "sanidad". "Penuria" means scarcity or lack, while "sanidad" means health or well-being. Therefore, the correct answer is "carencia - salud" because "carencia" means lack or scarcity, which is similar to "penuria", and "salud" means health, which is similar to "sanidad".

Explanation

The analogy is based on the relationship between the words "penuria" and "sanidad". "Penuria" means scarcity or lack, while "sanidad" means health or well-being. Therefore, the correct answer is "carencia - salud" because "carencia" means lack or scarcity, which is similar to "penuria", and "salud" means health, which is similar to "sanidad".

115. 123.Relacione el problema ambiental con la práctica que contribuye a disminuir su impacto. Problema 1. Uso de la energía 2. Tala masiva y deforestación 3. Contaminación de ríos Práctica a) Vaciar el aceite usado en recipientes en lugar de verterlo en el drenaje b) Imprimir en ambas caras del papel y reciclar cartones c) Optimizar el tiempo en el que se mantiene encendido el computador

1b, 2a, 3c

1b, 2c, 3a

1c, 2a, 3b

1c, 2b, 3a

La opción correcta es 1c, 2b, 3a. Esta respuesta relaciona el problema ambiental de la contaminación de ríos con la práctica de vaciar el aceite usado en recipientes en lugar de verterlo en el drenaje. También relaciona el problema de la tala masiva y deforestación con la práctica de imprimir en ambas caras del papel y reciclar cartones. Por último, relaciona el problema del uso de la energía con la práctica de optimizar el tiempo en el que se mantiene encendido el computador. Estas prácticas contribuyen a disminuir el impacto del problema ambiental mencionado.

Explanation

La opción correcta es 1c, 2b, 3a. Esta respuesta relaciona el problema ambiental de la contaminación de ríos con la práctica de vaciar el aceite usado en recipientes en lugar de verterlo en el drenaje. También relaciona el problema de la tala masiva y deforestación con la práctica de imprimir en ambas caras del papel y reciclar cartones. Por último, relaciona el problema del uso de la energía con la práctica de optimizar el tiempo en el que se mantiene encendido el computador. Estas prácticas contribuyen a disminuir el impacto del problema ambiental mencionado.

116. 71.Con base en el caso, identifique el eslogan que emplea un nivel de lenguaje adecuado para el destinatario al que se dirige. Una exclusiva firma de ropa para dama acaba de sacar al mercado una elegante línea de prendas que han sido diseñadas exclusivamente para la mujer oficinista. Los creativos encargados del marketing deben elegir una frase publicitaria para hacer el lanzamiento de este producto.

Ponte pilas y decide tu estilo con una nueva línea diseñada para la gente divertida y chévere como tú

Magnificencia y distinción en una sofisticada línea de exclusivos diseños para una jornada a la moda

Tienes un look único y libre, vente de una a nuestros locales y cambia tu imagen a un estilo buena onda

Diversión y comodidad para la gente súper pilas como tú, ven y atrévete a romper esquemas y ser libre

The slogan "Magnificencia y distinción en una sofisticada línea de exclusivos diseños para una jornada a la moda" employs a level of language that is appropriate for the target audience, which is office-going women. The use of sophisticated and elegant language reflects the high-end nature of the clothing line and appeals to the professional and stylish sensibilities of the target audience.

Explanation

The slogan "Magnificencia y distinción en una sofisticada línea de exclusivos diseños para una jornada a la moda" employs a level of language that is appropriate for the target audience, which is office-going women. The use of sophisticated and elegant language reflects the high-end nature of the clothing line and appeals to the professional and stylish sensibilities of the target audience.

117. 22.Para seleccionar el comité de un condominio existen 8 personas elegibles incluido su actual presidente. Si estará conformado por 3 integrantes y se mantendrá el mismo presidente, ¿de cuántas maneras podrá conformarse el comité?

14

21

24

56

There are 8 eligible people for the committee, including the current president. Since the president will remain the same, we need to select 2 more members from the remaining 7 eligible people. The number of ways to select 2 members from a group of 7 can be calculated using the combination formula, which is nCr = n! / (r!(n-r)!). In this case, n = 7 and r = 2. Plugging in these values, we get 7! / (2!(7-2)!) = 7! / (2!5!) = (7*6) / (2*1) = 21. Therefore, the committee can be formed in 21 different ways.

Explanation

There are 8 eligible people for the committee, including the current president. Since the president will remain the same, we need to select 2 more members from the remaining 7 eligible people. The number of ways to select 2 members from a group of 7 can be calculated using the combination formula, which is nCr = n! / (r!(n-r)!). In this case, n = 7 and r = 2. Plugging in these values, we get 7! / (2!(7-2)!) = 7! / (2!5!) = (7*6) / (2*1) = 21. Therefore, the committee can be formed in 21 different ways.

118. 43.Identifique el elemento metaforizado en una canción que un grupo de músicos ha redactado. Es una boca de fuego, que habla de manera inesperada es una pirámide de tierra, construida sin modelo, es una sepultura de piedra, que corona el paisaje

Boca

Pirámide

Lápida

Volcán

The correct answer is "Volcán". In the given lyrics, the musicians have metaphorically described something as a "boca de fuego" (mouth of fire), "pirámide de tierra" (pyramid of earth), and "sepultura de piedra" (tombstone of stone), which all suggest the characteristics of a volcano.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Volcán". In the given lyrics, the musicians have metaphorically described something as a "boca de fuego" (mouth of fire), "pirámide de tierra" (pyramid of earth), and "sepultura de piedra" (tombstone of stone), which all suggest the characteristics of a volcano.

119. 108.Una de las formas que el ser humano ha encontrado para cuidar y conservar el ambiente es el _______ de objetos que se clasifican de acuerdo a sus componentes contaminantes. Esta acción ha permitido fomentar la _______ ambiental mediante el desarrollo de proyectos escolares y la participación estudiantil que permiten poner en práctica los conocimientos para el beneficio de la conservación del ambiente.

reciclaje - explotación

ahorro - educación

reciclaje - educación

consumo – explotación

The correct answer is "reciclaje - educación." The passage discusses how humans have found a way to care for and preserve the environment through the recycling of objects, which are classified according to their pollutant components. This action has allowed for the promotion of environmental education through school projects and student participation, enabling the practical application of knowledge for the benefit of environmental conservation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "reciclaje - educación." The passage discusses how humans have found a way to care for and preserve the environment through the recycling of objects, which are classified according to their pollutant components. This action has allowed for the promotion of environmental education through school projects and student participation, enabling the practical application of knowledge for the benefit of environmental conservation.

120. 3.Después de un tiro libre en un partido de fútbol, la pelota sale de la cancha y cae por una pendiente. En el primer segundo recorre 5 m, en el segundo recorre 10 m, en el tercer segundo recorre 15 m y así sucesivamente. ¿Cuántos metros recorrerá la pelota al quinto segundo?

13

25

30

35

The ball is covering a distance of 5 meters in the first second, 10 meters in the second second, 15 meters in the third second, and so on. This means that the ball is covering an additional 5 meters in each subsequent second. Therefore, in the fifth second, the ball will cover 5 meters more than in the fourth second, which is 20 meters. Adding this to the distance covered in the fourth second (which is 5 + 15 = 20 meters), the ball will cover a total distance of 25 meters in the fifth second.

Explanation

The ball is covering a distance of 5 meters in the first second, 10 meters in the second second, 15 meters in the third second, and so on. This means that the ball is covering an additional 5 meters in each subsequent second. Therefore, in the fifth second, the ball will cover 5 meters more than in the fourth second, which is 20 meters. Adding this to the distance covered in the fourth second (which is 5 + 15 = 20 meters), the ball will cover a total distance of 25 meters in the fifth second.

121. 109.Derechos humanos Reconocer los derechos culturales como parte de los derechos humanos es indispensable para la interacción social positiva de individuos y comunidades, en un mundo caracterizado por la diversidad y la pluralidad cultural. Al respecto, el artículo 27 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos señala que: "toda persona tiene derecho a tomar parte libremente en la vida cultural de la comunidad, gozar de las artes y participar en el progreso científico y en los beneficios que de él resulten". Seleccione las prácticas que favorecen el ejercicio del derecho expuesto en el texto. 1. Establecer y apoyar la total privatización de bienes y servicios culturales 2. Preservar y transmitir el patrimonio cultural a las generaciones futuras 3. Impulsar programas de alimentación y cuidado de la salud con enfoque integrado e intercultural 4. Disponer de material cultural, medios de difusión e información en formatos accesibles para todos

1, 2

1, 3

2, 4

3, 4

The correct answer is 2, 4. This is because preserving and transmitting cultural heritage to future generations (option 2) is essential for the exercise of cultural rights. Additionally, having cultural materials, media, and information available in accessible formats for everyone (option 4) ensures that individuals can freely participate in the cultural life of their community, as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Option 1, which suggests total privatization of cultural goods and services, does not promote the positive social interaction of individuals and communities or the enjoyment of cultural rights. Option 3, which focuses on integrated and intercultural approaches to food and healthcare, is not directly related to the exercise of cultural rights.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, 4. This is because preserving and transmitting cultural heritage to future generations (option 2) is essential for the exercise of cultural rights. Additionally, having cultural materials, media, and information available in accessible formats for everyone (option 4) ensures that individuals can freely participate in the cultural life of their community, as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Option 1, which suggests total privatization of cultural goods and services, does not promote the positive social interaction of individuals and communities or the enjoyment of cultural rights. Option 3, which focuses on integrated and intercultural approaches to food and healthcare, is not directly related to the exercise of cultural rights.

122. 4.Si Fernanda cambia su alfombra antigua por una nueva en su habitación de 5 m de largo por 4 m de ancho, ¿cuántos metros cuadrados de alfombra debe comprar?

18

20

41

81

Fernanda debe comprar 20 metros cuadrados de alfombra porque el área de la habitación es de 5 metros de largo por 4 metros de ancho, lo que da un total de 20 metros cuadrados.

Explanation

Fernanda debe comprar 20 metros cuadrados de alfombra porque el área de la habitación es de 5 metros de largo por 4 metros de ancho, lo que da un total de 20 metros cuadrados.

123. 44.Identifique el atributo del elemento metaforizado que se encuentra señalado con negrita. - Ponte medias de alga, collar de coral, un velo de espumas, zapatos de sal. ¡Cantan las campanas en medio del mar! - ¡Novia presumida, tarde llegarás! - ¡Date prisa, hermosa, vamos a danzar, que los peces rojos comenzaron ya! Recuperado el 17 de febrero de 2018 en https://goo.gl/9WbViX

Blanco

Tardío

Sonoro

Rojo

The correct answer is "Blanco" because in the poem, the speaker is describing various elements of the bride's attire, such as stockings made of seaweed, a necklace made of coral, a veil made of foam, and shoes made of salt. The word "blanco" (white) is not mentioned directly in the poem, but it can be inferred that the bride's attire is white, as white is traditionally associated with weddings.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Blanco" because in the poem, the speaker is describing various elements of the bride's attire, such as stockings made of seaweed, a necklace made of coral, a veil made of foam, and shoes made of salt. The word "blanco" (white) is not mentioned directly in the poem, but it can be inferred that the bride's attire is white, as white is traditionally associated with weddings.

124. 98.Los organismos autótrofos de un ecosistema se ven gravemente afectados debido a la presencia de hidrocarburos en el suelo. La empresa causante del derrame de petróleo ha decidido no realizar ningún plan de remediación. Si por la falta de remediación desaparece este tipo de organismos, identifique la consecuencia a largo plazo.

Los demás niveles continúan con su flujo normal de materia

El ecosistema desaparece debido a la ausencia de autótrofos

El flujo de materia aumenta debido a la acción de otro tipo de organismos dentro de la cadena trófica

Los descomponedores sustituyen el lugar de los autótrofos dentro del flujo de materia y energía

If the autotrophic organisms in an ecosystem are severely affected by the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil and no remediation plan is implemented, the long-term consequence would be the disappearance of the ecosystem due to the absence of autotrophs. Autotrophs, such as plants, are the primary producers in an ecosystem and play a crucial role in the food chain by converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Without autotrophs, the rest of the levels in the ecosystem would not receive the necessary energy and nutrients, leading to the collapse and disappearance of the entire ecosystem.

Explanation

If the autotrophic organisms in an ecosystem are severely affected by the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil and no remediation plan is implemented, the long-term consequence would be the disappearance of the ecosystem due to the absence of autotrophs. Autotrophs, such as plants, are the primary producers in an ecosystem and play a crucial role in the food chain by converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Without autotrophs, the rest of the levels in the ecosystem would not receive the necessary energy and nutrients, leading to the collapse and disappearance of the entire ecosystem.