Fundamentos De Ingenieria De Software Quiz

The given answer, "Confiabilidad y seguridad" (Reliability and security), aligns with the statement that the range of characteristics includes reliability, security, and protection. This suggests that the features being discussed are related to ensuring that a system or product is dependable and secure.

La respuesta correcta es "Una red que permite a los clientes acceder a servicios" porque en la arquitectura cliente-servidor, una red es necesaria para que los clientes puedan acceder a los servicios proporcionados por el servidor. La red actúa como el medio de comunicación entre los clientes y el servidor, permitiendo que los clientes soliciten y reciban los servicios que necesitan. Esta separación de la funcionalidad entre el cliente y el servidor es una forma de lograr la independencia y la escalabilidad en la arquitectura cliente-servidor.

The given statement mentions examples of software including control systems for electronic devices, systems to support certain business processes, and air traffic control systems. These examples indicate that the software being referred to is specifically designed or customized for a particular purpose or use. Therefore, the correct answer is "Productos personalizados (o a la medida)".

Agile methods are development approaches that prioritize rapid design, frequent software releases, cost reduction in the process, and the production of high-quality code. These methods aim to deliver software incrementally and iteratively, allowing for flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements. By emphasizing collaboration, feedback, and continuous improvement, agile methods enable teams to respond effectively to customer needs and deliver value quickly.

The given answer, "Modelo en cascada" (Waterfall model), is the correct explanation for the provided statement. The statement describes a methodological approach that rigorously orders the stages of the software development process, where each stage must wait for the completion of the previous stage. The Waterfall model follows this sequential order, where each stage is completed before moving on to the next. This approach is characterized by its linear and sequential nature, with a strong emphasis on planning and documentation.

The given question is asking about the attribute of good software that includes responsiveness, processing time, and memory usage. The correct answer is "Eficiencia" which translates to "Efficiency" in English. This means that the attribute being referred to is efficiency, which includes the ability of the software to perform tasks quickly and effectively, while utilizing minimal system resources such as processing power and memory.

Validation is the process of evaluating a system to ensure that it meets both its specifications and the customer's expectations. It involves checking if the system functions correctly and performs as intended. In this context, validation is an important step in the overall process as it verifies that the system meets the desired requirements and is ready for deployment.

Es posible que exista resistencia cultural hacia los métodos ágiles en grandes compañías debido a su larga historia de uso de procesos convencionales de ingeniería de sistemas. Esta resistencia puede dificultar la introducción de los métodos ágiles, ya que las organizaciones pueden estar acostumbradas a formas de trabajo más tradicionales y pueden ser reacias a cambiar sus prácticas establecidas.

Aplicaciones de procesamiento de transacción son aquellas que se centran en el manejo y procesamiento de transacciones en una base de datos. Estas aplicaciones se encargan de realizar operaciones como inserción, modificación o eliminación de datos en la base de datos de manera eficiente y segura. Estas transacciones suelen ser de corta duración y se realizan en tiempo real, lo que las hace ideales para aplicaciones como sistemas de reservas, sistemas de punto de venta, sistemas bancarios, entre otros. Estas aplicaciones son críticas para el correcto funcionamiento de muchas organizaciones y requieren un alto nivel de confiabilidad y disponibilidad.

La programación en pares consiste en que dos desarrolladores trabajan juntos en el mismo código, sentados frente a la misma computadora. Ambos participan activamente en el proceso de codificación, revisando y corrigiendo el trabajo del otro de manera continua. Esto ayuda a mejorar la calidad del código, ya que se detectan y corrigen errores más rápidamente. Además, fomenta la colaboración y el intercambio de conocimientos entre los desarrolladores, lo que puede llevar a soluciones más creativas y eficientes.

The correct answer states that structural models show the organization of a system in terms of its components and their relationships. This means that structural models provide a visual representation of how different parts of a system are connected and interact with each other. These models help in understanding the overall structure and organization of a system, which is essential for designing, analyzing, and implementing complex systems.

The given correct answer is "Diseño e implementación" (Design and implementation). This stage refers to the process of transforming a system specification into an executable system. It involves creating the design for the system and implementing it according to the specified requirements. This stage is crucial as it lays the foundation for the development of the actual system and ensures that it is aligned with the initial specifications.

The correct answer is "Vista Fisica". This answer refers to the physical view of the system's hardware and how the software components are distributed across the processors in the system. It suggests that the question is asking for an explanation of the hardware architecture and how the software is deployed and executed on the system's processors.

The given answer correctly identifies examples of embedded systems, such as a taximeter, an access control system, and the electronics that control a vending machine. These are all devices or systems that have a dedicated function and are built into a larger system or product. They are designed to perform specific tasks and are often found in everyday objects or equipment.

The principles of agile methods include the participation of the client, delivering work incrementally, prioritizing people over processes, embracing change, and maintaining simplicity. These principles emphasize the importance of involving the client throughout the development process, delivering value in small increments, focusing on individuals and interactions rather than rigid processes, being adaptable to change, and keeping things simple and manageable. These principles help teams to be more responsive, collaborative, and effective in delivering high-quality software.

Refactorización es el principio o práctica de programación extrema que espera que todos los desarrolladores mejoren continuamente el código existente. Esto implica realizar cambios en el código para mejorar su estructura, legibilidad y rendimiento, sin cambiar su funcionalidad. La refactorización se realiza de manera continua y tan pronto como sea posible para evitar la acumulación de deudas técnicas y garantizar que el código se mantenga limpio y fácil de mantener en el futuro.

This answer is correct because the given examples, such as databases, word processors, drawing packages, and project management tools, are all generic products. Generic products are mass-produced and widely available to the general public, as opposed to personalized or customized products which are tailored specifically to individual needs. The option "Ninguno de las anteriores" (None of the above) is incorrect because the examples provided clearly fall under the category of generic products.

The correct answer is "Lenguaje natural". In the specification of requirements, it is preferred to have them written in natural language rather than technical terms. This means that the requirements should be expressed in a way that is easily understandable by non-technical stakeholders and users. Using technical terms may lead to confusion and misunderstandings, whereas using natural language ensures clear communication and comprehension of the requirements.

The correct answer is "Especificación, desarrollo, validación, evolución del software." This answer is correct because it lists the activities in the correct order as specified in the question. The process of software development typically starts with specification, where the requirements and goals of the software are defined. Then, the development phase involves actually creating the software based on the specifications. Validation is the process of testing and verifying that the software meets the specified requirements. Finally, evolution refers to the ongoing maintenance and updates of the software to adapt to changing needs and technologies.

The given statement suggests that long projects are avoided and instead, "something of value" is delivered to users frequently. This aligns with the concept of incremental development, where the project is divided into smaller iterations or increments, and each increment delivers a usable and valuable product to the users. This approach allows for continuous feedback and adaptation, ensuring that the users' needs are met and reducing the risk of delivering a final product that may not meet their expectations.

MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) allows engineers to think about the system at a high level of abstraction, without worrying about the details of its implementation. This is an argument in favor of MDE because it enables engineers to focus on the overall system design and functionality, rather than getting caught up in the technical implementation details. By creating models that represent the system, engineers can easily communicate and collaborate with stakeholders, and also have the flexibility to transform these models into platform-independent representations.

The correct answer is "Sistema de información". This is because the given statement mentions that these systems automate operational tasks in an organization and are typically focused on areas such as sales, finance, marketing, administration, and human resources. A "sistema de información" refers to a system that collects, stores, processes, and presents data in a meaningful way to support decision-making and the operation of an organization.

The given statement states that this stage is particularly critical in the software process because errors in this stage lead inevitably to problems in both the design and implementation of the system. Therefore, the correct answer is "Especificación" (Specification), as it is the stage where the requirements and specifications for the software system are defined.

Un sprint de Scrum consiste en una unidad de planeación en la que se valora el trabajo que se va a realizar. Durante un sprint, el equipo de desarrollo se compromete a completar una cantidad específica de trabajo en un período de tiempo determinado, generalmente de 1 a 4 semanas. Durante este tiempo, el equipo se enfoca en la entrega de un incremento de producto potencialmente utilizable. Al final del sprint, se realiza una revisión del trabajo completado y se planifica el siguiente sprint.

El modelado de caso de uso se utiliza principalmente para representar las interacciones entre un sistema y los actores externos. Este tipo de diagrama permite visualizar cómo se utiliza el sistema desde la perspectiva del usuario, mostrando las diferentes acciones que se realizan y cómo se relacionan entre sí. A través del modelado de caso de uso, se pueden identificar los requisitos del sistema y comprender mejor cómo se debe diseñar y desarrollar. Además, este tipo de diagrama también puede ser utilizado para comunicar y documentar los aspectos funcionales del sistema a diferentes partes interesadas.

The given answer, "Mantenimiento" (Maintenance), is the correct answer because the statement explains that software change is an inevitable requirement in a variable business environment. Maintenance refers to the process of modifying, updating, and enhancing software to meet changing needs and fix any issues that may arise. It ensures that the software remains functional and up-to-date, making it a critical attribute in a constantly evolving business environment.

La vista lógica indica las abstracciones clave del sistema, como objetos o clases de objeto. Esta vista se centra en la estructura y comportamiento de los objetos y cómo interactúan entre sí para lograr los objetivos del sistema. Proporciona una representación conceptual del sistema, mostrando las entidades principales y las relaciones entre ellas. La vista lógica permite comprender la lógica subyacente del sistema y facilita el diseño y la implementación de software.

La vista de desarrollo se refiere a la descomposición del software en elementos que son implementados por un solo desarrollador o equipo de desarrollo. Esta vista permite organizar y estructurar el trabajo de desarrollo, dividiendo las tareas y responsabilidades entre los miembros del equipo. Cada elemento o componente del software es asignado a un desarrollador o equipo específico, lo que facilita la colaboración y la gestión del proyecto. Esta vista también ayuda a identificar y resolver posibles conflictos o dependencias entre los diferentes elementos del software.

The answer is "Aceptabilidad" because it is stated in the given information that the software should be understandable, usable, and compatible with other systems that the users use. "Aceptabilidad" refers to the acceptability of the software, meaning that it meets the needs and preferences of the users. Therefore, it aligns with the requirement of the software being usable and compatible with the users' systems.

The correct answer is "Desarrollo incremental." This approach involves breaking down the development process into smaller, manageable increments or iterations. It allows for flexibility and adaptability to changing customer requirements, as each increment can be adjusted and refined based on feedback. This reduces the overall cost of adapting to changing customer needs compared to other models like the waterfall model, where changes are more difficult and costly to implement.

La ingeniería de software orientada a la reutilización tiene la ventaja de reducir la cantidad de software a desarrollar al utilizar componentes y módulos reutilizables. Esto disminuye los costos y riesgos asociados al desarrollo de software desde cero. Además, al reutilizar componentes, se pueden realizar entregas más rápidas del software, ya que no es necesario desarrollar todo el sistema desde el principio.

The given correct answer is "Ingeniería dirigida por un modelo". This phrase is in Spanish and it translates to "Model-driven engineering" in English. The explanation for this answer is that it refers to an approach in software development where a system is represented as a set of models that can be automatically transformed into executable code. This approach focuses on using models as the primary artifacts for software development, allowing for easier maintenance, reusability, and automation of the development process.

In the Rational Unified Process (RUP), the transition phase is focused on the system's change from the development community to the user community and making it operational in a real environment. This phase involves activities such as deployment, user training, and transitioning from the development team to the operations team. It ensures that the system is ready for use and successfully integrated into the user community.

The "Desarrollo de primera prueba" characteristic in XP (Extreme Programming) involves creating tests before writing any code. This approach is known as Test-Driven Development (TDD), where tests are used to guide the development process. By writing tests first, developers can ensure that the code meets the desired functionality and can easily be tested for correctness. This characteristic also emphasizes involving the client in the development of tests and only designing enough to cover the current requirements, promoting an iterative and incremental development approach.

A perspective of "expansion" (scaling up) is interested in using agile methods for the development of large software systems that cannot be developed with small teams.

A modelado independiente de plataforma (PIM) consiste en modelar la operación del sistema sin tener en cuenta su implementación específica. Esto significa que se centra en capturar las funcionalidades y comportamientos del sistema de manera abstracta, sin referirse a las tecnologías o plataformas específicas utilizadas para implementarlo. Esta aproximación permite a los ingenieros pensar en el sistema en un nivel de abstracción más elevado, centrándose en las importantes abstracciones de dominio utilizadas en el sistema.

The correct answer is "Planeación del bosquejo y diseño arquitectónico, Valoración, Selección, Revisión, Desarrollo, Cierre del proyecto." This answer lists the correct phases of the Scrum process, which include planning and architectural design, estimation, selection, review, development, and project closure. These phases are essential in ensuring a successful implementation of the Scrum methodology in project management.

In los modelos de comportamientos, los estímulos son los datos y eventos. Estos son los elementos que causan una respuesta o cambio en el sistema. Los datos son la información que se utiliza para procesar y tomar decisiones, mientras que los eventos son sucesos o acciones que ocurren en el entorno y que pueden afectar al sistema. Por lo tanto, en un modelo de comportamientos, se muestra cómo el sistema responde a estos datos y eventos.

The given answer is correct because it identifies two functional requirements from the list of requirements. The first requirement states that the system will allow users to consult the schedules of a flight to a specific destination, which is a functional requirement as it describes a specific action that the system should be able to perform. The second requirement states that the system should be able to register users, which is also a functional requirement as it describes a specific action that the system should be able to perform.

El modelo de contexto implica trabajar con los participantes del sistema para determinar cuál funcionalidad se incluirá en el sistema. Esto significa que se debe colaborar con las personas involucradas en el sistema, como los usuarios y los stakeholders, para comprender sus necesidades y requerimientos. A través de esta colaboración, se puede determinar qué funcionalidades deben ser incluidas en el sistema para satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios y lograr los objetivos del proyecto.

La seguridad es una razón importante para utilizar una estructura en capas en la arquitectura. Al dividir el sistema en capas, se puede implementar medidas de seguridad en cada capa para proteger los datos y la funcionalidad del sistema. Esto ayuda a prevenir ataques y vulnerabilidades, ya que cada capa puede tener sus propias medidas de seguridad y controles de acceso. Además, si una capa se ve comprometida, las otras capas pueden seguir protegiendo el sistema.

An embedded system is a computer system that is designed to perform specific tasks. In the context of a control system for an insulin pump, an embedded system would be responsible for controlling the pump's functions and simulating the function of the pancreas. It would likely include sensors to acquire data, process that data, and make decisions based on it. Therefore, a sistema embebido would be the correct answer as it accurately describes the type of system that would control a medical device like an insulin pump.

Las prácticas de programación extrema incluyen tener al cliente en el sitio para una comunicación más efectiva y una retroalimentación inmediata, mantener un ritmo sostenible de trabajo para evitar el agotamiento y el estrés, y utilizar un diseño simple para facilitar la comprensión y el mantenimiento del código. Estas prácticas se enfocan en la colaboración cercana con el cliente, la eficiencia y la simplicidad en el desarrollo de software.

The given statement states that any design error detected during testing leads to the redesign and reprogramming of the affected code, which increases development costs. The correct answer, "Modelo en cascada" (Waterfall model), aligns with this statement. The Waterfall model is a sequential software development process where each phase is completed before moving on to the next. In this model, testing is done after the design phase, and any errors found during testing require going back to the design phase, resulting in increased costs.

The correct answer is "Diseño e implementación." The given question is asking about the outputs of a process, and the options provided are different phases or stages of a process. "Diseño e implementación" refers to the design and implementation phase, which is where the actual creation and development of the system or project takes place. It is a logical choice for the outputs of a process as it involves producing the architecture of the system, database specification, interface specification, and component specification.

El modelado dirigido por datos implica que el proceso de procesamiento de datos de entrada y generación de una salida está determinado por los datos mismos. Esto significa que las acciones y decisiones tomadas durante el procesamiento se basan en los datos disponibles. Por lo tanto, el modelado dirigido por datos muestra la secuencia de acciones involucradas en el procesamiento de datos de entrada y la generación de una salida asociada. En contraste, la agregación y el modelado dirigido por eventos no se enfocan en los datos en sí mismos para determinar el proceso de procesamiento.

La vista de proceso es útil para hacer juicios acerca de las características no funcionales del sistema, como el rendimiento y la disponibilidad. Esta vista se centra en cómo se ejecutan los procesos y cómo se comunican entre sí en el sistema. Proporciona información sobre cómo se distribuyen las tareas y los recursos del sistema, lo que permite evaluar su rendimiento y asegurar su disponibilidad. La vista de proceso también puede ayudar a identificar cuellos de botella y puntos de fallo en el sistema.

A model is an abstract representation of a system that overlooks certain details of the system. It is used to depict the behavior of a system in response to internal or external events. It serves as a high-level presentation of the system and can be utilized as an approach for discussion among a large number of participants.

Un modelo dirigido por un evento es una representación que muestra cómo un sistema responde a eventos tanto externos como internos. Este tipo de modelo describe cómo el sistema reacciona y se comporta ante estímulos o cambios en su entorno. No solo muestra lo que sucede en el sistema, sino también cómo se supone que debe responder ante diferentes situaciones. En resumen, un modelo dirigido por un evento proporciona una visión de cómo el sistema interactúa y se adapta a su entorno.

The correct answer is "Descubrimiento, clasificación y priorización de requerimientos". This model refers to the process of identifying, categorizing, and prioritizing the requirements for a project. It involves discovering the needs and expectations of stakeholders, organizing them into different categories based on their importance and relevance, and then determining the order in which they should be addressed. This process is crucial for ensuring that the project meets the desired objectives and delivers value to the stakeholders.

This answer is correct because the given statement mentions that "este modelo es adecuado para aplicaciones en la que un componente genere datos y otro los use" (this model is suitable for applications where one component generates data and another uses it). This aligns with the concept of a repository architecture, where data is stored and accessed by different components. The other options, client-server architecture and pipe and filter architecture, do not specifically address the scenario mentioned in the statement.

The correct answer is "El tiempo de consultas, actualizaciones será de mínimo 10 seg.,La pagina debe tener una interfaz dinámica,La carga de un archivo pdf no debe exceder los 5s." These requirements are non-functional because they do not directly relate to the specific services that the system delivers to its users. Instead, they focus on aspects such as response time, user interface, and file upload performance, which are not directly related to the system's functionality but rather its performance and user experience.

Etnografía es la técnica de adquisición que se debería usar para entender los procesos operacionales y extraer los requerimientos de un sistema de reservación de radio taxis. Esta técnica implica la observación directa y participación en el entorno real donde se lleva a cabo el proceso, lo que permite obtener una comprensión profunda de las necesidades y comportamientos de los usuarios y del contexto en el que se desarrolla el sistema. Al utilizar la etnografía, se puede obtener información detallada y precisa que es fundamental para diseñar un sistema de reservación de radio taxis que se ajuste a las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios.

The users of a requirements document are administrators, system engineers, and system clients. These individuals are involved in different aspects of the system and have specific roles and responsibilities. Administrators are responsible for managing and overseeing the system, while system engineers are involved in designing and developing the system. Clients of the system are the end-users or stakeholders who will be utilizing the system. All these users play a crucial role in understanding and implementing the requirements outlined in the document.

The correct answer is the owner of the library and the library secretary because they are the key stakeholders who will provide valuable insights and requirements for the development of the library system. The owner of the library will have a broader perspective on the overall goals and objectives of the system, while the library secretary will have detailed knowledge of the day-to-day operations and specific requirements of the library. Including the users of the library in the interview process can also be beneficial to gather their input and understand their needs, but the owner and the secretary are the primary individuals to be interviewed.

The correct answer is a sequence of steps that need to be followed in order to make a change in a requirement. The first step is to analyze the problem and specify the change that needs to be made. This involves understanding the current requirement and identifying the areas that need modification. The next step is to analyze the change and estimate the cost associated with it. This helps in determining the feasibility and impact of the change. Finally, the change is implemented, which involves making the necessary modifications to the requirement.

The given answer includes "Registrar libro" and "Ingresar datos de usuario" as the use cases. These use cases involve registering a book and entering user data, which are common actions in a system or application. These use cases indicate the functionalities or tasks that can be performed in the given example.

The answer "Rendimiento" is correct because it refers to the performance aspect of architecture design. Designing architecture to locate critical operations within a small number of components helps to optimize and improve the performance of the system. By concentrating critical operations in a few components, the system can efficiently handle them, resulting in better overall performance.

The techniques for validating requirements include prototypes, requirement reviews, and test case generation. Prototypes are used to demonstrate and validate the functionality of the system before it is fully developed. Requirement reviews involve analyzing and evaluating the requirements to ensure they are complete, consistent, and feasible. Test case generation involves creating test cases to verify that the system meets the specified requirements. These techniques help ensure that the requirements are validated and meet the desired criteria for the system.

The correct answer is "Mantenibilidad, Rendimiento". These two requirements are important for a system. Mantenibilidad refers to the ease with which a system can be maintained, modified, and repaired. It ensures that the system can adapt to changes and updates over time. Rendimiento refers to the system's ability to perform efficiently and effectively, meeting the desired performance goals and handling a large number of users or data without any issues. Both of these requirements are crucial for ensuring the long-term success and usability of a system.