ورقة عمل نماذج الذرة ونظرية الكم

Dalton's atomic theory states that atoms are the smallest indivisible particles of matter and they retain the properties of the substance. This means that atoms cannot be divided into smaller parts without losing their characteristic properties. Therefore, the statement "The atom is the smallest part of matter that cannot be divided into smaller parts and it retains the properties of the substance" is true according to Dalton's theory.

Based on Ernest Rutherford's experiment of directing alpha particles onto a thin gold foil, it was observed that most of the alpha particles passed through the foil, some were deflected, and some were reflected. However, the statement "absorption of alpha particles and emission of line spectrum" is incorrect. In Rutherford's experiment, there was no observation of absorption of alpha particles or emission of a line spectrum.

The statement is true because according to Rutherford's model of the atom, the positive charge of the atom is concentrated in its nucleus. The nucleus contains protons, which have a positive charge, while the electrons, which have a negative charge, orbit around the nucleus. This model was proposed by Ernest Rutherford based on his gold foil experiment, where he observed that most of the alpha particles passed through the foil, indicating that the positive charge of the atom is concentrated in a small, dense region.

According to Max Planck's quantum theory, energy is emitted or absorbed in the form of discrete packets called photons. Therefore, the correct answer is "نبضات متتابعة من الفوتونات" which translates to "successive pulses of photons".

The given answer, "طومسون", is the name of the scientist who proposed the atomic model that states that atoms consist of a positive mass with electrons distributed within it. This model, known as the Thomson atomic model, suggests that the positive mass is evenly distributed and the electrons are embedded within it. Therefore, the statement in the question implies that according to the Thomson atomic model, atoms are composed of a positive mass with electrons.

The equation that relates the energy of a photon (E) to its frequency (f) is E = hf, where h is the Planck constant. Therefore, the constant value of Planck (h) is equal to the ratio between the energy of the photon (E) and its frequency (f).

The frequency of a photon is directly proportional to its energy.