第五課

The correct answer is c. 盡快打開門窗，讓空氣流通 (Quickly open doors and windows to allow for ventilation). This is the correct response because when a gas leak is detected in the workplace, it is important to prioritize the safety of everyone present. Opening doors and windows allows fresh air to circulate and helps to dissipate the leaked gas, reducing the risk of an explosion or other hazardous situations. It is crucial to avoid trying to fix the leak oneself or simply turning off electrical appliances, as these actions may not effectively address the immediate danger posed by the gas leak.

The correct answer is b. 電器失靈或負荷過熱. This is because electrical malfunctions or overloading can cause overheating and can potentially lead to a fire. Faulty wiring, damaged electrical cords, or using electrical appliances beyond their recommended capacity can all contribute to electrical failures and fire hazards. It is important to regularly inspect and maintain electrical systems to prevent such incidents.

In factories, it is necessary to have exit signs and emergency lighting in all fire escape routes. This is important to ensure the safety of employees and facilitate their evacuation in case of a fire or emergency. Exit signs help to clearly indicate the way to the nearest exit, while emergency lighting ensures that the escape routes are well-lit even in the event of a power failure. These measures help to prevent panic and confusion during an emergency and enable a swift and orderly evacuation.

The correct answer is b. 保持通道暢通，切勿阻塞 (Keep the passage clear and unobstructed). This means that it is necessary to maintain a clear pathway for emergency evacuation in case of a fire. Blocking or obstructing the pathway can hinder the escape of people and can lead to dangerous situations. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the passage remains unobstructed at all times to ensure the safety of individuals in case of a fire.

The correct answer is a. 窒息. When a fire occurs, the main cause of fatality is often due to suffocation caused by the smoke and toxic gases produced. Inhaling these substances can lead to a lack of oxygen in the body, resulting in difficulty breathing and ultimately, suffocation. This is why it is crucial to have proper fire safety measures in place, such as smoke alarms and evacuation plans, to prevent the risk of suffocation during a fire emergency.

The correct answer is c. This option states that in the event of a fire, the correct emergency response measures are to sound the alarm, attempt to extinguish the fire if it is safe to do so, and evacuate as quickly as possible. This approach prioritizes the safety of individuals by alerting others to the fire, taking action to control the fire if possible, and ensuring a swift evacuation to minimize harm.

In a situation where there is thick smoke and no smoke mask available, the correct action to avoid inhaling deadly smoke is to crouch low or crawl close to the ground. This is because smoke rises and the lower levels of the room or area will have less smoke and better air quality. By staying low, one can minimize the risk of inhaling toxic smoke and increase the chances of safely escaping the smoke-filled environment.

The correct answer is b. This is the correct response because in the event of being trapped in a fire, it is important to close the door to prevent the fire from spreading into the room. By using a towel or cloth to block the gap at the bottom of the door, it helps to prevent smoke from entering the room. Calling emergency services (999) immediately is crucial for getting help as soon as possible. Lastly, moving towards a window facing the street and calling for help increases the chances of being noticed and rescued.

The correct answer is c. 觸覺式偵測器 (touch-based detector). This option does not belong to the general category of fire detectors. The other two options, a. 熱能式偵測器 (thermal detector) and b. 煙霧式偵測器 (smoke detector), are commonly used types of fire detectors.

The astronomical observatory will issue a "fire hazard warning" based on both weather factors that are conducive to fire occurrence and spread, such as low humidity and high wind speed, as well as information provided by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department regarding the dryness of vegetation. Both factors are taken into consideration when determining whether to issue a fire hazard warning.

Water-based extinguishers are not suitable for extinguishing fires caused by flammable liquids. This is because water can spread the fire and cause the flammable liquid to splash or spread, making the fire worse. Water-based extinguishers are more effective for fires involving solid materials or certain types of gases.

In the "Regulations on Factories and Industrial Operations (Submission of Fire Protection Equipment for Factories)" all smoke doors should be kept closed but not locked.

According to the Fire Service (Installation and Equipment) Regulations, fire extinguishers should be inspected by a registered contractor once a year.

When using a water extinguisher to put out a fire, it is most effective to aim at the bottom of the fire source. This is because water is heavier than fire and will sink to the bottom, cooling and extinguishing the flames from the base. Aiming at the top or middle of the fire may not effectively reach the source of the fire and may not extinguish it completely. By aiming at the bottom, the water can quickly suppress the fire and prevent it from spreading further.

The correct answer is b. 30米. The question is asking about the typical length of the water hose in a fire hose reel, which is a common fire protection device in buildings.

To prevent the rapid spread of fire and smoke, it is recommended to install automatic closing devices on the exit doors of the factory. This means that in the event of a fire, the doors will automatically close, limiting the spread of flames and smoke to other areas of the building. This can help to contain the fire and provide more time for people to evacuate safely.

When a fire occurs, it is important for the factory exit doors to open outward. This allows the workers inside the factory to quickly escape to a safe place. If the doors open inward, they may be blocked by the pressure from the crowd trying to exit, making it difficult for people to escape. Therefore, having the factory exit doors open outward is the most effective measure to ensure a swift evacuation during a fire emergency.

When using flammable materials in a factory, it is important to strictly prohibit smoking and control any other potential sources of fire. This is necessary to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of the workers and the facility. Smoking can easily ignite flammable materials, and other sources of fire can also pose a significant risk. Therefore, it is crucial to enforce strict regulations and measures to prevent any potential ignition sources and minimize the risk of fire in the workplace.

When a fire occurs, standing in the upwind position is the correct location to use a fire extinguisher. This position allows the user to approach the fire from a safe direction, as the wind will blow the smoke and flames away from them. Standing in the downwind position would expose the user to the smoke and heat, making it more difficult to effectively extinguish the fire. Therefore, the correct answer is c. 上風位 (upwind position).

The correct answer is a. 隔離法. The question asks for the third basic method of fire extinguishment, which includes cooling method, suffocation method, and another method. The options provided are 隔離法 (isolation method), 沖擊法 (impact method), and 吹風法 (blow-drying method). Among these options, only 隔離法 (isolation method) is a valid method of fire extinguishment.

In the event of detecting or suspecting a flammable gas leak, it is important to prioritize personal safety. Option c suggests that the individual should leave the scene and reach a safe place before reporting the incident. This is the correct course of action as it minimizes the risk of potential harm or injury. By removing oneself from the immediate danger, one can then safely alert the appropriate authorities and seek assistance without putting themselves or others at further risk.

When using a powder fire extinguisher, it is important to note that the extinguishing agent it sprays can reduce visibility, making it difficult to discern direction.

In areas where flammable liquids are stored or used, it is important to have good air circulation to prevent the accumulation of flammable gases, which can lead to explosions or fires. Adequate airflow helps to disperse any flammable vapors that may be present, reducing the risk of ignition and ensuring the safety of the area.

When an electric appliance catches fire, it is important to use a fire extinguisher that is safe to use on electrical fires. The best option in this case is a carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguisher. CO2 extinguishers work by displacing oxygen, effectively smothering the fire without conducting electricity. This makes them suitable for use on electrical fires, as they do not pose a risk of electric shock. Therefore, option a, the carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, is the correct choice in this scenario.

金屬鈉在與水接觸時會產生劇烈的化學反應，釋放出氫氣，並且產生高溫火焰。水劑滅火筒無法撲滅金屬鈉的火焰，因為水會加劇這種反應，使火勢更加猛烈。因此，金屬鈉起火時需要使用其他滅火劑，如二氧化碳滅火筒或乾粉滅火器。

According to the given information, the question asks about the maximum capacity of LPG cylinders that a business is allowed to store without obtaining a license. The correct answer is b. 130公升, which means that if a business stores LPG cylinders exceeding 130 liters in capacity without obtaining a license, it would be in violation of the law.

Fire drills should be conducted at least once a year in a workplace with a fire alarm system but no members of the public present. This ensures that employees are familiar with the emergency procedures and can evacuate safely in the event of a real fire. Conducting regular fire drills helps to reinforce the importance of fire safety and allows for any necessary adjustments or improvements to be made to the emergency response plan.

Adding usage instructions on fire extinguishing equipment and arranging practical training for employees on how to use the equipment is the most effective measure to help employees learn the correct use of fire extinguishing equipment. This combination of visual cues and hands-on experience ensures that employees have clear instructions and practical knowledge on how to operate the equipment correctly in case of a fire emergency.

火警偵測器主要可分為三種類型。

According to the "Guidelines for Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Devices and Equipment" issued by the Fire Services Department, the audible alarm system must be inspected by a registered fire service contractor at least once every 12 months.

The correct answer is c. Both a and b are required to meet the requirements of the fire department. This means that the electric lock on the fire passage gate must be able to be opened from the inside without the need for a key at any time, and it must also automatically unlock in the event of a power failure.

According to the "Minimum Fire Service Installations and Equipment (Fire Exits) Regulations" by the Fire Services Department, exit signs and directional signs should be installed at a height of 2.0-2.5 meters above the ground.

The correct answer is a. 44毫米. According to the question, the solid thickness of a wooden smoke door must be at least 44毫米.

The correct answer is b. 68. This suggests that the operating temperature of the red fire sprinkler head is 68 degrees Celsius.

According to the guidelines provided by the Buildings Department, if the capacity of a room in a non-public entertainment venue is between 31-200 people, the number of exits should be at least 2.

When combustion occurs, the heated portion of the liquid or gas rises due to the absorption of heat energy. This phenomenon is known as convection.

When installing a ventilation system in a building, if the air duct passes through a fire compartment wall or floor, it is necessary to install a fire damper to enhance fire safety. A fire damper is a device that is designed to close automatically in the event of a fire, preventing the spread of flames and smoke through the ventilation system. By installing a fire damper, the building's fire safety measures are strengthened, ensuring that fire compartments remain intact and reducing the risk of fire spreading throughout the building.

The correct answer is c. 勞工處 (Labour Department). This department is responsible for enforcing the "Regulations for Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Submission of Fire Services Installations of Factories) Regulation". They oversee the safety and welfare of workers in factories and industrial establishments, including ensuring compliance with fire safety regulations.

According to the regulations of the Fire Services Department regarding general fire sprinkler installations in commercial and industrial premises, the minimum distance between two sprinklers should not be less than 2 meters.

When a fire occurs and there is no smoke infiltration, the recommended method to determine whether to evacuate or stay inside the unit is to open the door slightly and check for smoke or feel for heat. This allows individuals to assess the immediate environment and make an informed decision about the safest course of action.

According to the fire department's standards, an emergency generator needs to automatically start within 15 seconds to provide power to fire protection devices.

The correct answer is b. 9公升. This is the correct answer because it states that the capacity of a commonly used fire extinguisher is 9 liters.

在狹窄及空氣不流通的地方使用二氧化碳滅火筒可能會構成缺氧的危險。二氧化碳是一種滅火劑，使用時會將周圍的氧氣排除，這可能導致人們在這種環境中缺乏足夠的氧氣供應，從而引起缺氧的情況。因此，在使用二氧化碳滅火筒時應該特別注意環境的通風情況，以確保人們不會因為缺氧而受到傷害。

水劑是一種常見的滅火劑，但它的應用不屬於窒息法。窒息法是通過排除氧氣來撲滅火災，而水劑主要是通過冷卻和隔離火源來達到滅火的效果。因此，水劑的應用不符合窒息法的原則。二氧化碳和化學泡劑則可以通過排除氧氣來窒息火災，因此它們的應用屬於窒息法。

The correct answer is b. 10. This is because the statement mentions that if the weight of the carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is found to have a loss of more than a certain percentage compared to the weight marked on the cylinder when it was supplied, the gas inside the cylinder should be released and the cylinder should be returned to the supplier. The question asks for the percentage of loss that triggers this action, and the correct answer is 10%.

傳導是熱在固體和液體中傳播的現象。對流是指熱在流體中的傳播，而輻射是指熱通過空氣或真空中的電磁輻射傳播。因此，傳導是唯一一個適用於固體和液體的熱傳播現象。

The correct answer is c. 30分鐘. The purpose of a smoke door is to prevent the spread of smoke and fire. To achieve this, the door must have a fire resistance rating of at least 30 minutes. This means that the door is designed and constructed to withstand fire for a minimum of 30 minutes, providing enough time for people to evacuate the building and for firefighters to extinguish the fire.

The correct answer is c. 輻射 (radiation). In addition to conduction and convection, radiation is another method of heat transfer. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not require a medium to transfer heat and can occur even in a vacuum.

According to the "Factory and Industrial Undertaking (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations", the height of each Chinese and English character on the "EXIT" sign for each exit in the "Reportable Factory" should not be less than 180 millimeters.

According to the "Factory and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations", workplaces storing flammable chemicals must display a "NO SMOKING 不准吸煙" sign, with a minimum height of 180 millimeters for each Chinese and English character.

The correct answer is c. 開動消防泵來加壓供水. The hand-controlled fire alarm bell system not only notifies others in the building of the fire alarm, but it also activates the fire pump to increase water pressure for firefighting purposes. This is an important function as it ensures that there is enough water pressure to effectively combat the fire and minimize its spread.

According to the "Factory and Industrial Undertaking (Fire Precautions) Regulations", if the total storage capacity of flammable substances in a factory exceeds 35 liters, an application must be submitted to the Fire Services Department.

According to the standards of the fire department, the minimum shooting distance for a fire hose reel should be 6 meters.

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The correct answer is b. 4米. The range of a general foam fire extinguisher can reach up to a maximum distance of 4 meters. This means that the foam can be sprayed at a distance of up to 4 meters from the extinguisher, allowing for effective firefighting and extinguishing of fires within that range.

According to the "Proper Use and Maintenance Methods of Various Fire Extinguishers" notice from the Fire Services Department, fire blankets are classified into two categories: heavy-duty and lightweight fire blankets.

The correct answer is c. "重型"及可供重複使用的滅火氈 (Heavy-duty and reusable fire blanket). This answer is accepted by the fire department as it meets their requirements for firefighting equipment. "重型" (Heavy-duty) indicates that the fire blanket is made of durable and flame-resistant material, capable of withstanding intense heat and flames. "可供重複使用的" (Reusable) means that the fire blanket can be used multiple times, making it a cost-effective option for firefighting purposes.

When a large fire occurs, combustible materials inside the building undergo thermal decomposition, releasing flammable gases that accumulate indoors. When these gases reach their ignition temperature, the resulting flames suddenly spread throughout the building, leading to a fully developed fire. This phenomenon is known as "閃燃" or "flashover."

According to the fire department's standards, the minimum size for a fire blanket should be 1200 x 1200 millimeters.

According to the standards of the fire department, the color combination for the "EXIT出口" sign should have a semi-transparent background and font color. The correct color combination for the sign is a white background with green font (option a) or a green background with black font (option c). However, the color combination of a red background with white font (option b) does not meet the standards for the "EXIT出口" sign.

In the "工廠及工業經營（危險物質）規例" (Factory and Industrial Undertakings (Dangerous Substances) Regulation), liquids with a flash point below 66 degrees Celsius are considered flammable substances. This means that these liquids have a low ignition temperature and can easily catch fire when exposed to a source of ignition. Therefore, option a. 66度 is the correct answer.

According to the regulations of the Fire Services Department, premises with an area exceeding 230 square meters or located in a basement must have a fire sprinkler system. Therefore, premises with an area exceeding 126 square meters must also have a fire sprinkler system.

The ventilation system in buildings needs to be inspected by a registered specialist contractor (ventilation system engineering category) at least once a year to check the fire dampers, filters, and dust collectors in the system.

When wood, rubber, or paper is on fire, using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is not suitable because carbon dioxide extinguishers work by displacing oxygen, which is necessary for combustion. However, wood, rubber, and paper can burn without the presence of oxygen, so using a carbon dioxide extinguisher would not be effective in extinguishing the fire. Foam or water-based fire extinguishers would be more appropriate for this type of fire.

The correct answer is c. 設置足夠的水劑滅火器. This means that providing sufficient water-based fire extinguishers is not included as a basic safety measure to prevent fires, according to the guidelines of the Labour Department. The other options, maintaining a clean workplace and providing good ventilation, are mentioned as basic safety measures to prevent fires.

According to the Fire Services Department's notification on the proper use and maintenance methods of various fire extinguishers, the fire extinguisher body should undergo a hydraulic pressure test once every 5 years, as indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.

According to the general regulations of the Fire Services Department for sprinkler systems in ordinary commercial and industrial premises, a minimum space of 500mm should be reserved around the sprinkler.

According to the Dangerous Goods (General) Regulations, the size of the label for dangerous goods must be at least 100 millimeters by 100 millimeters.

回燃是指當空氣進入一個正在進行或已經完成缺氧燃燒的密室，與積聚在室內的可燃氣體混合，遇上熱源時，會引發一連串的爆燃現象，火焰會快速擴散並衝向空氣入口處。因此，回燃是指火焰在缺氧環境中的猛烈燃燒現象。