1.
Khâu nối ruột được thực hiện trong trường hợp sau đây:
Correct Answer
C. Tất cả đúng
Explanation
The correct answer is "Tất cả đúng" which means "All are correct" in English. This means that all the given statements are true. The explanation for this answer is that the question is asking about the situations in which intestinal anastomosis is performed. The given options state that intestinal anastomosis is performed when the intestine is missing or cut due to injury or illness, and when the intestine is blocked by an irreparable injury. Since all of these situations are valid reasons for performing intestinal anastomosis, the answer "Tất cả đúng" is correct.
2.
Chọn câu SAI: Khâu nối ruột có thể được thực hiện theo một trong các kiểu sau đây:
Correct Answer
D. Bên-tận
Explanation
The correct answer is "Bên-tận". This is the incorrect option because "Bên-tận" is not a valid type of intestinal anastomosis. The correct types of intestinal anastomosis are "Tận-tận" (end-to-end), "Bên-bên" (side-to-side), and "Tận-bên" (end-to-side).
3.
Cấu trúc chịu lực chủ yếu khi khâu nối ruột là:
Correct Answer
B. Lớp dưới niêm mạc
Explanation
The correct answer is "Lớp dưới niêm mạc." This is because the layer underneath the mucous membrane is responsible for bearing the main load when suturing the intestine.
4.
Để đảm bảo độ kín khi khâu nối ruột, mủi khâu không thể thiếu cấu trúc nào sau đây:
Correct Answer
D. Lớp thanh mạc
Explanation
The explanation for the correct answer is that the "Lớp thanh mạc" is an essential structure for ensuring the tightness of the intestinal connection. This layer, also known as the submucosa, is located beneath the mucous membrane and plays a crucial role in supporting the integrity and function of the intestines. Without this layer, the intestinal connection would not be secure, leading to potential leakage or other complications. Therefore, it is necessary for the "Lớp thanh mạc" to be present in order to ensure the tightness of the intestinal suture.
5.
Theo bạn, bước "cắt đoạn ruột" nên được thực hiện NGAY SAU bước nào trong quá trình khâu nối ruột sau đây:
Correct Answer
C. Cắt bỏ mạc treo giữa hai nhánh mạch máu mạc treo được bảo tổn
Explanation
The correct answer is "Cắt bỏ mạc treo giữa hai nhánh mạch máu mạc treo được bảo tổn" because it is necessary to remove the mesentery (mạc treo) between the two branches of the mesenteric blood vessels in order to preserve the blood supply to the remaining sections of the intestine. This step is important to ensure that the remaining sections of the intestine receive adequate blood flow and to prevent ischemia or necrosis of the tissue.
6.
Hai nhánh mạc máu mạc treo cần được bảo tồn trong khâu nối ruột là:
Correct Answer
A. Hai nhánh nuôi hai đầu tận của phần ruột được giữ lại
Explanation
The correct answer is "Hai nhánh nuôi hai đầu tận của phần ruột được giữ lại." This means that the two branches that feed the two ends of the intestine should be preserved. This is important for maintaining blood supply and ensuring proper functioning of the intestine.
7.
Khâu nối ruột là loại phẫu thuật:
Correct Answer
A. Có nguy cơ lây nhiễm cao
Explanation
The correct answer is "Có nguy cơ lây nhiễm cao" (There is a high risk of infection). This is because the question is asking for the type of surgery that carries a high risk of infection. The other options (Có nguy cơ mất nhiều máu - There is a high risk of bleeding, Tốn nhiều thời gian - It takes a lot of time, Tất cả đúng - All are correct) do not specifically address the risk of infection.
8.
Khâu nối ruột nên được ưu tiên thực hiện trước các phẫu thuật sau đây, TRỪ:
Correct Answer
A. Khâu mạch máu
Explanation
The blood vessels are responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the different organs and tissues in the body. If the blood vessels are not properly sutured, it can result in bleeding and compromise the blood supply to the organs. Therefore, suturing the blood vessels should be prioritized before other surgeries to ensure proper blood flow and prevent any complications.
9.
Chọn câu SAI: nguyên tắc " 5 không" trong khâu nối ruột"
Correct Answer
C. Không chùng
Explanation
The correct answer is "Không chùng". This is the incorrect statement because "chùng" means to collide or bump into each other, which is not a principle of connecting intestines. The other four principles listed ("Không hở", "Không kênh", "Không tím, tái", "Không tréo") are all correct principles of connecting intestines.
10.
Yêu cầu kỹ thuật nào được cho là quan trọng nhất khi khâu nối ruột:
Correct Answer
A. Kín
Explanation
The most important technical requirement when sewing a seam is that it should be "Kín" or closed. This means that the seam should be securely stitched and closed, without any gaps or openings. A closed seam ensures that the fabric pieces are held together firmly and prevents any fraying or unraveling of the seam. It also helps to maintain the integrity and durability of the garment or item being sewn.
11.
Nguyên tắc "cô lập tót" khi khâu nối ruột được hiểu là:
Correct Answer
C. Ngăn cách vùng khâu với phần còn lại của khoang bụng
Explanation
The principle of "good isolation" when suturing the intestine is to separate the sutured area from the rest of the abdominal cavity. This helps to prevent contamination and infection of the abdominal cavity.
12.
Nguyên tắc "cách ly tốt" khi khâu nối ruột được hiểu là:
Correct Answer
A. Khâu ở ngoài khoang bụng
Explanation
The correct answer is "Khâu ở ngoài khoang bụng" because it means "Sutures outside the abdominal cavity." This principle refers to the practice of suturing or stitching a wound or incision on the outer layer of the abdominal cavity, ensuring that the internal organs are not exposed or at risk of infection. This technique helps to maintain a sterile environment and prevent complications during the healing process.
13.
Trong nguyên tắc "3 có" khi khâu nối ruột, nguyên tắc nào được cho là đúng:
Correct Answer
A. Có cô lập hay cách ly
Explanation
The correct answer is "Có cô lập hay cách ly" which means "Isolation or isolation is necessary" in English. This principle emphasizes the importance of isolating or separating the surgical site from the surrounding environment to prevent contamination and reduce the risk of infection. This can be achieved through the use of sterile drapes, gowns, and gloves, as well as maintaining a sterile field throughout the procedure.
14.
Bước "cắt bỏ mạc treo" trong khâu nối ruột được bỏ qua nếu:
Correct Answer
C. Mạc treo quá dày
Explanation
The correct answer is "Mạc treo quá dày" because if the suspension loop is too thick, it can cause difficulty in connecting the intestines properly. This can lead to complications and potential obstructions in the digestive system.
15.
Để kiểm tra độ kín của miệng nối ruột, phẫu thuật viên sẽ thực hiện thao tác nào sau đây:
Correct Answer
D. Dồn hơi từ hai phía về miệng nối
Explanation
The correct answer is "Dồn hơi từ hai phía về miệng nối" which means "Apply pressure from both sides towards the anastomosis site". This method is used to test the integrity and leakiness of the anastomosis site by applying air pressure to see if there are any leaks or abnormalities.
16.
Để kiểm tra độ thông của miệng nối ruột, phẫu thuật viên sẽ thực hiện thao tác nào sau đây:
Correct Answer
C. Lồng hai ngón tay từ phía trên và dưới miệng nối
Explanation
The correct answer is "Lồng hai ngón tay từ phía trên và dưới miệng nối" because this technique is commonly used by surgeons to check the patency of an anastomosis. By inserting two fingers from both above and below the anastomosis, the surgeon can assess the integrity and tightness of the connection. This method allows for a tactile examination to ensure that there are no leaks or obstructions in the anastomosis.
17.
Miệng nối "không bị tréo" được hiểu là:
Correct Answer
C. Miệng nối có các mốc giải phẫu của hai mép trùng nhau
Explanation
The correct answer is "Miệng nối có các mốc giải phẫu của hai mép trùng nhau." This means that the anastomosis has anatomical landmarks that match on both ends, ensuring a proper and secure connection between two segments of the intestine. This is important for maintaining the flow of contents through the digestive system and preventing leakage or obstruction.
18.
Miệng nối ruột "không bị kênh (chênh)" được hiẻu là:
Correct Answer
B. Miệng nối có lớp niêm không bị lộn ra ngoài
Explanation
The correct answer is "Miệng nối có lớp niêm không bị lộn ra ngoài." This means that the joint between the two ends of the intestine has a layer of sealing material that prevents it from coming out. This ensures that the connection is secure and prevents any leakage or spillage of contents from the intestine.
19.
Kiểu khâu nối nào sau đây có nguy cơ xì dò cao nhất:
Correct Answer
E. Tất cả sai
Explanation
The given question is asking which type of suture has the highest risk of infection. The correct answer is "Tất cả sai" which means "All are incorrect." This means that none of the mentioned types of sutures have the highest risk of infection. Without further information or options provided, it is not possible to determine which type of suture has the highest risk of infection.
20.
Loại chỉ khâu thường được lựa chọn để khâu nối ruột là:
Correct Answer
B. Chỉ tan chậm, một sợi
Explanation
The correct answer is "Chỉ tan chậm, một sợi" because when sewing or stitching the intestine, a slow-absorbing suture is preferred. This allows the body enough time to heal and for the tissue to regain its strength before the suture dissolves. Using a single strand of slow-absorbing suture ensures that it doesn't break down too quickly and provides adequate support during the healing process.
21.
Biến chứng đáng ngại nhất của khâu nối ruột là:
Correct Answer
A. Xì dò miệng nối
Explanation
The most concerning complication of intestinal anastomosis is an anastomotic leak, also known as "xì dò miệng nối" in Vietnamese. This occurs when there is a breakdown or separation of the connection between two segments of the intestine that have been surgically joined together. It can lead to the leakage of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity, causing infection, peritonitis, and potentially life-threatening complications. Anastomotic leaks require prompt medical intervention and often necessitate reoperation to repair the leak and prevent further complications.
22.
Xì miệng nối khác với dò miệng nối ở đặc điểm nào sau đây:
Correct Answer
D. Khoang phúc mạc có bị nhiễm trùng hay không
Explanation
The given answer states that the difference between X-ray film and dental film lies in whether the developing tank is infected or not. This suggests that the condition of the developing tank, specifically whether it is contaminated or not, is a distinguishing factor between X-ray film and dental film.
23.
Sau khi khâu nối ruột, lổ mạc treo phải được khâu đóng lại để tránh:
Correct Answer
E. Tất cả sai
Explanation
After suturing the intestine, the hanging stump should be sutured closed to prevent all of the mentioned complications: bleeding, leakage, and herniation of the surgical wound.
24.
Yêu cầu nào về mặt kỹ thuật khâu nối ruột sau đây được cho là đúng:
Correct Answer
A. Bờ mạc treo phải "tự do" tồi thiểu 5 mm
Explanation
The correct answer is "Bờ mạc treo phải 'tự do' tồi thiểu 5 mm." This means that the hanging margin should have a minimum of 5 mm of free space. This is important in sewing to ensure that the fabric does not get caught or tangled in the machine while stitching. Having a sufficient hanging margin allows for smooth and uninterrupted sewing, resulting in a better quality finished product.
25.
Yêu cầu nào về mặt kỹ thuật khâu nối ruột sau đây được cho là đúng:
Correct Answer
D. Tất cả sai
Explanation
The given answer states that all of the options provided are incorrect. This means that none of the options accurately describe the technical requirement for joining the fabric.