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The correct answer is "Korisnički interfejs je na vrhu, a jezgro na dnu hijerarhije." This means that in the hierarchy of an operating system, the user interface is at the top, while the kernel is at the bottom. This arrangement suggests that the user interface is the layer that interacts directly with the user, while the kernel is responsible for managing system resources and providing essential services to other parts of the operating system.

Distribuirani sistemi mogu biti realizovani na dva načina: kao klijent-server ili ravnopravni sistemi. This means that distributed systems can be implemented either as client-server systems or as peer-to-peer systems. In a client-server system, there is a central server that provides services to multiple clients. In a peer-to-peer system, all nodes in the network can act as both clients and servers, sharing resources and services with each other. The other options mentioned in the question (zvezdasti ili ciklični sistemi, kao linearni ili nelinearni sistemi) are not relevant to the ways in which distributed systems can be implemented.

The correct answer is "Dispečer sistema koji je deo jezgra operativnog sistema." This means that the allocation of the processor to processes is done by the system dispatcher, which is a part of the operating system kernel. The system dispatcher manages the scheduling and allocation of processor time to different processes, ensuring efficient and fair execution of tasks.

At the lowest level of virtual machine structure is the hardware. The hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the processor, memory, and storage devices. These components provide the necessary resources for the virtual machine to run and execute its tasks. The hardware interacts directly with the virtual machine monitor (VMM) and provides the underlying infrastructure for virtualization. The VMM, also known as the hypervisor, is responsible for managing and controlling the virtual machines running on the hardware. However, the VMM is not at the lowest level, as it relies on the hardware to function properly. Therefore, the correct answer is hardware.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) belongs to the Transport layer of the OSI model. The Transport layer is responsible for the end-to-end delivery of data between hosts. UDP is a connectionless protocol that provides a simple and lightweight method for sending datagrams across a network. It does not guarantee delivery or order of packets, making it suitable for applications that prioritize speed over reliability, such as streaming media or online gaming. Therefore, UDP is classified as a protocol of the Transport layer.

Privatne mreže su namenjene mrežama koje nisu direktno povezane na Internet i ne mogu se koristiti na Internetu. This means that private networks are designed for networks that are not directly connected to the Internet and cannot be used on the Internet.

Computer managers pripada donjem sloju. This suggests that computer managers are part of the lower layer in the hierarchy or structure of computer systems. This could refer to the lower-level management roles that oversee the technical aspects of computer systems, such as network administrators or system administrators. These individuals are responsible for the day-to-day operations, maintenance, and troubleshooting of computer systems. They work closely with the hardware and software components to ensure smooth functioning and efficient performance.

Ažuriranje sistema nije prednost IaaS-a jer je odgovornost za ažuriranje sistema na provajderu cloud usluga, a ne na korisniku. IaaS korisnici dobijaju pristup virtuelnim mašinama koje su već konfigurisane i ažurirane od strane provajdera. Ovo omogućava korisnicima da se fokusiraju na druge zadatke, umesto da troše vreme na ažuriranje sistema.

None of the options listed (SSL procedure, SSL request, Statefull packet filter, SSL handler) are protocols within the Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Therefore, the correct answer is "Nijedno od ponuđenog" which means "None of the above" in English.

The correct answer is "Korisnik se jednom prijavi na sistem I nakon toga u skladu sa svojim ovlašćenjima ima pristup resursima." This answer suggests that the protocol type Single-Sign-On in the Kerberos cryptographic protocol allows a user to log in once to the system and then access resources according to their permissions.

Different operating systems (Windows, Linux, etc.) can use the same or similar operating system kernels. This means that it is not true that different operating systems cannot use the same or similar operating system kernels.

The statement "Faza napada 'Uradi ono što si naumio' predstavlja odbijanje usluge, preuzimanje podataka, izmenu ili generisanje lažnih podataka" is correct. It states that the attack phase "Do what you intended" involves refusing service, data retrieval, modification, or generation of false data.

The correct answer is "Prenos bitova." The physical layer of the OSI reference model is responsible for the transmission of raw bit streams over a physical medium. It deals with the physical characteristics of the transmission medium, such as electrical signals, voltages, and physical connectors. This layer ensures reliable transmission of bits between two devices, without any concern for the meaning or interpretation of the data being transmitted. It focuses solely on the physical transmission of the data at the bit level.

In PowerShell, variable names always start with a dollar sign ($). This is a convention used to indicate that the following characters represent a variable. By using the dollar sign at the beginning of a variable name, it becomes easier to distinguish variables from other elements in the code.

DoS/DDoS napad spada u vrstu napada pod nazivom "Presecanje". Presecanje se odnosi na napade koji imaju za cilj prekid ili ometanje normalnog funkcionisanja mreže ili sistema, često preopterećenjem resursa ili prekidom komunikacije. DoS/DDoS napad se odnosi na preplavljenje ciljanog sistema sa velikim brojem zahteva ili podataka, što dovodi do preopterećenja i onemogućavanja pristupa drugim korisnicima.

The core function of an operating system is to manage processes. This involves allocating system resources, scheduling tasks, and ensuring that multiple processes can run concurrently without interfering with each other. By managing processes effectively, the operating system can optimize the utilization of hardware and ensure that tasks are executed in a timely manner. This is crucial for the overall performance and stability of the system.

Virtuelizacija je mogućnost pokretanja više međusobno nezavisnih operativnih sistema na jednom fizičkom računaru. Ova tehnologija omogućava da se na jednom računaru izvršava više virtuelnih mašina, koje se ponašaju kao odvojeni računari sa sopstvenim operativnim sistemima. Ovo omogućava efikasnije korišćenje resursa, jer se jedan fizički računar može koristiti za pokretanje više virtuelnih mašina, umesto da se koriste različiti fizički računari za svaku mašinu. Takođe, virtuelizacija omogućava izolaciju i bezbednost između virtuelnih mašina, jer svaka mašina radi nezavisno od ostalih.

A koncentrator (hub) is a network device that operates at the physical layer of the OSI model. It is responsible for connecting multiple devices in a local area network (LAN) by receiving data packets from one device and broadcasting them to all other devices connected to the hub. The physical layer is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw data bits over a physical medium, such as cables. Therefore, the correct answer is the physical layer.

Kerberos je kriptografski protokol koji sadrži serversku uslugu za izdavanje karte za pristup mrežnim resursima. Kerberos koristi sistem karata kako bi autentifikovao korisnike i omogućio im pristup resursima u mreži. Ovaj protokol se često koristi u distribuiranim sistemima i omogućava sigurno autentifikovanje i autorizaciju korisnika. SSL i IPSec su takođe kriptografski protokoli, ali nemaju serversku uslugu za izdavanje karata kao što to ima Kerberos.

The correct answer is "Agregaciju RAM memorije povezanih servera u zajednički memorijski pool." This means that memory virtualization involves combining the RAM memory of connected servers into a shared memory pool. This allows for more efficient utilization of memory resources and enables better scalability and flexibility in managing memory allocation for virtual machines.

The correct answer states that a host machine is a computer on which virtualization is effectively executed. This means that the host machine is responsible for managing the hardware resources and running virtual machines. It is the main computer that hosts and supports the virtualization process, allowing multiple virtual machines to run simultaneously on a single physical machine.

The function of the network layer in the OSI reference model is logical addressing and routing. This layer is responsible for assigning logical addresses to devices on the network and determining the best path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination. It ensures that data is properly addressed and delivered to the correct destination by using routing algorithms and maintaining routing tables.

The correct answer is "treba da detektuje I predupredi napad ili da sistem oporavi od napada." This answer accurately describes the purpose of a security mechanism, which is to detect and prevent attacks or recover the system from attacks. It emphasizes the importance of protecting the system from potential threats and vulnerabilities.

Distribuirani sistemi su skupovi računara koji ne dele zajedničku memoriju i sistemsko vreme, već su povezani mrežom. Ovo znači da svaki računar u distribuiranom sistemu ima svoju lokalnu memoriju i vreme, ali mogu komunicirati i razmenjivati podatke preko mreže. Ovakvi sistemi se često koriste za paralelno izvršavanje zadataka, povećanje pouzdanosti i skalabilnosti sistema, kao i za podršku udaljenom pristupu i radu na udaljenim lokacijama.

The given answer options are all examples of security services. Autentifikacija USB tokenom refers to authentication using a USB token, which is a form of two-factor authentication. Autentifikacija lozinkom refers to authentication using a password, which is a common method of verifying a user's identity. Autentifikacija biometrijskim uzorkom refers to authentication using biometric data, such as fingerprints or facial recognition, which provides a high level of security. Therefore, all three options are examples of security services that help protect against unauthorized access.

Konkurentnost kao svojstvo operativnog sistema se odnosi na postojanje više simultanih, paralelnih aktivnosti na računaru. To znači da operativni sistem može istovremeno izvršavati više zadataka ili procesa, što povećava efikasnost i produktivnost sistema. Ova karakteristika omogućava korisnicima da istovremeno obavljaju više radnji na računaru, kao što su otvaranje više programa ili izvršavanje više operacija istovremeno.

Partial virtualization is a type of virtualization where only a portion of the environment is simulated. In this case, the correct answer states that only a part of the environment is simulated. This means that not all aspects of the hardware environment are virtualized, but only specific components or functionalities are simulated. This approach allows for more efficient resource utilization and can be beneficial in certain scenarios where complete simulation of the hardware environment is not necessary or feasible.

SaaS (Software as a Service) is a cloud computing model where software applications are provided over the internet on a subscription basis. In this model, the software is hosted and managed by the service provider, and users access it through a web browser or thin client. Since the software is not installed on the user's computer, the statement "Netacno" (False) is the correct answer.

SaaS (Software as a Service) is a software delivery model where software is accessed via the internet and hosted by a third-party provider. It is suitable for applications that can be accessed and used over the internet, such as productivity tools, customer relationship management (CRM) software, and collaboration platforms. None of the mentioned software types (real-time software, software that processes massive data, critical software) specifically indicate that they can be accessed and used over the internet, so SaaS would not be appropriate for any of them.

The correct answer is "Hardversko okruženje nije simulirano." This means that in paravirtualization, the hardware environment is not simulated. Paravirtualization is a virtualization technique where the guest operating system is modified to be aware that it is running in a virtualized environment. This allows for better performance compared to full virtualization because it eliminates the need for hardware emulation. Instead, the guest operating system communicates directly with the hypervisor, which provides the necessary virtualization services.

After multiple user programs send system calls to their operating systems, the operating systems send hardware operations to the virtual machine monitor. This means that the virtual machine monitor is responsible for managing and controlling the hardware operations requested by the user programs.

The correct answer is "Mrežne barijere." Mrežne barijere, ili firewalli, imaju funkciju filtriranja paketa. Oni su postavljeni između mreže i interneta kako bi kontrolisali i ograničili pristup određenim mrežnim resursima. Filtriranje paketa se odnosi na proces pregledanja i analiziranja svakog paketa podataka koji prolazi kroz mrežnu barijeru, kako bi se odlučilo da li će biti dozvoljen ili blokiran.

The given statement is false. Contemporary virtualization allows running multiple instances of operating systems on a single computer, and these operating systems share the hardware resources.

The local loopback address, 127.0.0.1, is a special IP address that is used to test network connectivity on a local machine. It allows a computer to send data to itself, essentially creating a loopback within the network stack. This address is commonly used for troubleshooting and diagnosing network issues, as it bypasses any external network connections and allows the computer to communicate with itself.

The given statement states that "Podoblasti Informacione Sigurnosti su relativno složene ali se ipak može izdvojiti stručnjak (praktičar) ili istraživač koji u svim oblastima postiže značajne i upečatljve rezultate." which translates to "Subfields of Information Security are relatively complex, but it is still possible to identify an expert (practitioner) or researcher who achieves significant and impressive results in all areas." The correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False" in English. Therefore, the statement is incorrect and suggests that it is not possible to find an expert or researcher who excels in all areas of Information Security.

The given answer "Napadi odbijanja usluga" is correct because it translates to "Denial of Service (DoS) attacks" in English. These attacks aim to make a computer or network resource unavailable to its intended users by overwhelming it with a flood of illegitimate requests or by exploiting vulnerabilities to crash the system. This results in a denial of service for legitimate users who are unable to access the resource.

The given answer states that none of the options provided are advantages of biometric identity verification compared to other methods of verification. This suggests that the question is asking about the disadvantages or lack of advantages of biometric identity verification, rather than the advantages.

The correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False" in English. This suggests that the price of resources does depend on consumption in infrastructure services.

PaaS (Platform as a Service) allows the client to manage the configuration of the hosting environment. This means that the client has control over the settings and configurations of the platform where their applications or services are hosted. They can customize and adjust the environment based on their specific needs and requirements. This includes managing resources, scaling capabilities, security settings, and other configuration options.

The given correct answer is "Hardverske virtuelizacije" (Hardware virtualization). This type of virtualization involves creating virtual versions of physical hardware components, such as processors, memory, and storage devices. It allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical machine, each with its own virtual hardware resources. This enables better utilization of hardware resources, improved flexibility, and increased efficiency in managing and deploying virtual machines.

The correct answer is "Korisnicima da se preko mreže povežu i prijave na deljeni server simultano." This means that session virtualization allows users to connect and log in to a shared server simultaneously over a network.

To create a new folder using the New-Item command in PowerShell, the word "directory" needs to be added to the ItemType field. The ItemType field specifies the type of item to be created, and in this case, "directory" indicates that a new folder should be created.

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The correct answer is "remove-item." In PowerShell, the "remove-item" command is used to delete or remove items such as files, folders, and registry keys. It allows users to remove unwanted or unnecessary items from their system.

The correct answer is "Nijedno od ponudjenog" which means "None of the above" in English. This implies that the given options do not represent the types of external and internal virtualization. Therefore, the correct answer suggests that none of the options provided are the correct types of virtualization.

The given answer includes different methods of authentication such as password, PIN, fingerprint, signature, and speaker verification. These methods are commonly used to verify the identity of a user before granting access to a system or data. Each method has its own advantages and limitations, but they all serve the purpose of ensuring that only authorized individuals can access the protected resources.

The correct answer is "move-item." In PowerShell, the "move-item" command is used to move or rename a file or directory. It allows users to navigate and position themselves within directories by specifying the source and destination paths. This command is useful for managing files and directories efficiently in PowerShell.

The correct answer is "test-path". In PowerShell, the "test-path" command is used to check whether a given path exists or not. It returns a boolean value, true if the path exists and false if it does not. This command is useful for verifying the existence of a file or directory before performing any operations on it.

False. Puna virtuelizacija ne podrazumeva razdvajanje operativnog sistema i hardverskih resursa koje OS koristi. Puna virtuelizacija podrazumeva kreiranje virtuelne mašine koja simulira fizički hardver i omogućava izvršavanje operativnog sistema i aplikacija unutar te virtuelne mašine. Hardverski resursi se deljeni između virtuelnih mašina, ali se ne razdvajaju od operativnog sistema.

PaaS (Platform as a Service) is a cloud computing model where a provider offers a platform for developing, running, and managing applications. In this model, the infrastructure and underlying hardware are managed by the provider, allowing developers to focus on building and deploying their applications. PaaS typically does not include a web or application server because it is the responsibility of the developer to choose and configure the appropriate server for their specific application needs. Therefore, the statement "PaaS obično ne sadrži web ili aplikativni server" (PaaS usually does not include a web or application server) is correct.

The statement is incorrect. The "Održi pristup" phase of an attack refers to maintaining access to the system after gaining initial access, rather than exploiting vulnerabilities and gaining access to the system.

The correct answer is "Nema namenskih servera" (There are no dedicated servers). This means that in a network of equal computers, there are no specialized servers that handle specific tasks or functions. In such a network, all computers have equal capabilities and responsibilities, and there is no central server that controls or manages the network.

The efficient execution of virtual machines depends on several factors, including the number of software servers we want to run, the specific servers we want to run, the amount of RAM memory available, and the power of the CPU. These factors determine the capacity and performance of the virtual machines and their ability to handle the workload efficiently. The strength of the graphics card, size of the HDD, and data transfer speed between the HDD and CPU are not directly related to the efficient execution of virtual machines.

The correct answer choices for algorithms used for encrypting messages are algorithms with public key, one-way hash functions, and symmetric algorithms. These algorithms provide different methods for encrypting and decrypting messages, ensuring the security and confidentiality of the communication.

The correct answer includes a combination of different types of attacks according to Kendall's taxonomy. The listed options include "Ispitivački napadi" (penetration testing attacks), "Napadi neovlašćenog sticanja pristupa udaljenom računaru" (unauthorized remote access attacks), "Napadi odbijanja usluga" (denial of service attacks), and "Napadi neovlašćenog povećanja privilegija" (unauthorized privilege escalation attacks). These categories cover various methods used by attackers to compromise systems and gain unauthorized access or control.

The correct answer includes the steps involved in the execution of a type of attack. The steps are: Ispitaj I proceni (Assess and evaluate), Eksploatiši I prodri (Exploit and penetrate), Povećaj privilegije (Increase privileges), Održi pristup (Maintain access), and Uradi ono što si naumio (Do what you intended). These steps represent the typical progression of an attack, starting with assessing the target, exploiting vulnerabilities, gaining higher privileges, maintaining access, and finally carrying out the intended actions.