Biology 111 -fall 2014 Final Cumulative Exam

1. Tt (all of the offspring are heterozygous)
2. The offspring are tall. Tall is dominant, thus a Tt genotype produces a tall plant.

"A" shows more salt inside the cell (hypertonic) and less salt outside of the cell (hypotonic); there is more salt inside the cell compared to the outside of the cell.

The genotype is the genetic makeup (or the genes) that an organism possesses which determine the trait.

This karyotype represents a female because it shows 2 X chromosomes at the 23rd pair.

The word homozygous literally means "same alleles".

I hope you got this correct!

The manipulated variable is the condition that the experimenter changes in the experiment. In this case it was the amount of fertilizer given to the plants.

Ebola kills humans and gorillas, thus the virus would end up "dying" off because they kill off their host. Good reservoir hosts don't usually die when exposed to their host virus, instead, they allow it to replicate and then be passed to another organism.

This is false. With the exception of the theoretical "absolute zero" molecules are ALWAYS in motion.

All of these are requirements for a reservoir host species. The host species must allow the virus in, allow it to replicate, allow it to be shed, and finally the reservoir host species must not die in high numbers when exposed to the virus (if it did, then that species would die off, and it wouldn't be a good candidate for a reservoir host species).

Aquaporins are membrane water channels that regulate the passage of water through cell membranes.

The Ebola virus is considered difficult to transmit because it requires the direct passage of body fluids from one person to another. This is in contrast to other viruses, such as flu viruses they can be passed as aerosol particles when people sneeze or cough, which can linger in the air for some time.

Autosomes are any of the chromosomes that aren't the "sex' chromosomes.

Viruses are considered to be non-living "agents". They are not considered to be alive because they are not made of cells and they can't replicate themselves on their own. Instead, viruses hi-jack living cell's reproductive machinery and use it to make more viral copies.

Fruit bats are considered to be one of the likely reservoir hosts for the Ebola virus.

The responding variable is the condition that changes in response to the manipulated variable. In this case, "the cirri feeding rate per minute" was the responding variable.

Skin color is considered to be a polygenetic trait, which means it is a trait controlled by multiple genes. This is in contrast to some of the pea plant traits that Mendel identified, which were seemed to be controlled by just one gene.

Both "B" and "C" are correct options. Rod and cones cells ARE modified neurons.

A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates inside a bacterium.

The tapetum lucidum is a layer of reflective tissue behind the retina that bounces light back onto the retina. This adaptation improves nighttime vision in animals that possess this reflective layer.

"A' are the dendrites, they receive nerve impulses coming in to the neuron.
"B" is the cell body where the nucleus of the neuron is located.
"C" is the axon, which carries nerve impulses away from the cell body and to the next neuron.