Test 1 CIS 209

The given answer correctly lists the six core processes: Identify, Plan, Discover, Design, Build, and Complete. These processes represent the key steps involved in carrying out a project or completing a task. The identification stage involves recognizing the need or problem, followed by planning to outline the approach and resources required. Discovery involves gathering information and conducting research, while design focuses on creating a detailed plan or blueprint. The build stage involves executing the plan and constructing the final product, and finally, completion marks the end of the project or task.

The availability of support staff to assist users with technical or processing problems is referred to as the help desk. This is a dedicated service that provides assistance and guidance to users who encounter issues or have questions regarding the use of technology or specific processes. The help desk ensures that users have access to the necessary support and resources to resolve their problems effectively and efficiently.

A System Vision Document is a document that helps define the scope of a new system. It outlines the goals, objectives, and overall vision for the system, providing a clear understanding of what the system aims to achieve. This document serves as a guide for stakeholders and project teams to ensure that everyone is aligned and working towards the same vision. It helps in setting expectations, identifying requirements, and establishing the boundaries of the system, making it an essential tool in the initial stages of system development.

Systems analysis is referred to as "understanding and specification" because it involves the process of understanding how a system works, identifying its components and their interactions, and specifying the requirements and functionalities of the system. It focuses on analyzing the current system and proposing improvements or new system designs based on the understanding gained. This includes gathering information, defining goals, identifying problems, and documenting the specifications for the system. Therefore, the statement that systems analysis is sometimes referred to as "understanding and specification" is true.

The system vision document is typically developed before the project starts because it serves as a guiding document that outlines the overall goals, objectives, and scope of the project. It helps stakeholders and project teams to align their understanding and expectations, and provides a clear direction for the project's development. By creating the system vision document early on, the project team can ensure that everyone involved is on the same page and working towards a common goal.

In some cases, the activities within Core Processes one can be completed before the actual project starts. This means that certain tasks or preparations related to the project can be done in advance, allowing for a smoother and more efficient execution of the project when it officially begins. This approach can help save time and ensure that all necessary groundwork is in place before the project gets underway.

The given statement is true because a class diagram is a visual representation of the structure and relationships of the classes in a system. It provides an overview of the database design by showing the entities (classes) and their attributes and relationships. Therefore, it is logical to assume that the database is designed using information from the class diagram.

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. It is a standardized modeling language used in software engineering to visually represent and communicate the design and structure of a software system. UML provides a set of graphical notations that allow software developers to create diagrams and models that capture different aspects of the system, such as its structure, behavior, and interactions. This helps in better understanding, documenting, and designing complex software systems.

Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have a vested interest in the successful implementation of a system. They can include users, clients, managers, and other parties who are affected by or can influence the system. These stakeholders often have different perspectives, needs, and expectations, and their involvement is crucial for the system's success. They play a vital role in providing feedback, making decisions, and ensuring that the system meets their requirements and objectives.

Agile development is a software development approach that focuses on flexibility and adaptability to accommodate changes in requirements and project scope. It promotes iterative development, where software is developed and delivered in small increments, allowing for continuous feedback and improvement. Agile methods prioritize collaboration, customer satisfaction, and the ability to respond quickly to changes. This approach enables teams to deliver high-quality software products that meet the evolving needs of the stakeholders.

The correct answer is System Development Life Cycle. The SDLC refers to the process of developing software or a system, from the initial planning and requirements gathering stage, through design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. It encompasses all the phases and activities involved in the creation and evolution of a software or system, ensuring that it meets the desired objectives and quality standards.

A temporal event refers to an event that occurs by reaching a specific point in time. This term is used to describe events that are time-dependent or time-related. In this context, the other options, such as internal, external, and timed, do not specifically relate to events occurring at a particular point in time. Therefore, the correct answer is temporal.

The waterfall model is a systematic approach to software development that assumes each phase of the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is completed and approved before progressing to the next phase. This means that the output of each phase is "frozen" and cannot be changed once it has been finalized. This approach ensures a linear and sequential progression through the development process, with clear documentation and deliverables at each stage.

Preparation is necessary for every successful interview as it allows the candidate to gather information about the company, the role they are applying for, and the interview process itself. It helps the candidate to be well-informed and confident, allowing them to effectively answer questions and showcase their skills and qualifications. Without proper preparation, the candidate may not be able to present themselves in the best possible way, resulting in a less successful interview.

In the CRUD technique, one of the crucial steps is to identify the data entities. This involves recognizing and defining the various types of data that are essential for the system. By identifying the data entities, it becomes easier to understand the structure and relationships within the system, enabling efficient management and manipulation of data. This step helps in ensuring that all necessary data is accounted for and properly handled throughout the system's operations.

Iteration means that work activities are done once, then again, and yet again. It refers to the process of repeating a set of tasks or activities multiple times in order to refine and improve them. In the context of project management or software development, iteration allows for continuous feedback and adjustment, enabling teams to make incremental progress and deliver better results over time. It is a fundamental concept in agile methodologies, such as agile modeling and incremental development, where iterative cycles are used to iteratively build, test, and refine the product. The waterfall approach, on the other hand, follows a sequential and linear process without the iterative nature of iteration.

The automation boundary refers to the boundary that separates the automated portion of a system from the users of the system. It is the point where the system's automated processes interact with the users and their manual inputs. This boundary ensures that the automated processes are isolated and distinct from the user interactions, allowing for efficient and effective automation of tasks while maintaining user control and input.

An inventory reorder point is an example of a state event because it represents a specific condition that triggers an action. When the inventory level reaches a certain point, it signals that it is time to reorder more items. This event does not depend on any specific action or interaction with a customer or management, but rather on the internal state of the inventory system. Therefore, it can be considered a state event.

Program modules should be designed so that they are highly cohesive. This means that the elements within each module should be closely related and focused on a single task or responsibility. Highly cohesive modules are easier to understand, maintain, and modify, as they have a clear and specific purpose. They also promote code reusability and reduce the likelihood of introducing bugs or errors when making changes. Overall, high cohesion enhances the overall quality and efficiency of a program's structure.

System controls are checks or safety procedures that are implemented to safeguard the integrity of a system. These controls are put in place to prevent unauthorized access, ensure data confidentiality and integrity, and mitigate risks. They can include measures such as user authentication, encryption, firewalls, and regular system audits. System controls are essential for maintaining the security and reliability of a system, and they help to protect against potential threats and vulnerabilities.

The adaptive approach to a development project is best used when the requirements are uncertain. This is because the adaptive approach allows for flexibility and continuous adaptation to changing requirements throughout the development process. It allows for iterative development and frequent feedback, which is crucial when the requirements are not fully known or may change over time. This approach helps to mitigate the risks associated with uncertain requirements and ensures that the final product meets the evolving needs of the stakeholders.

Undefined project management practices can be a major reason for project failure. When project management practices are not clearly defined, it can lead to confusion, miscommunication, and lack of coordination among team members. This can result in missed deadlines, budget overruns, and a failure to meet project objectives. Without proper project management practices in place, it becomes difficult to effectively plan, execute, and control the project, ultimately leading to its failure.

An information system consists of software, database, and manual processes. Software refers to the programs and applications that are used to process and manage data. A database is a structured collection of data that is stored and organized for easy access and retrieval. Manual processes refer to the human involvement in the system, such as data entry and analysis. All three components work together to ensure the effective functioning of an information system.

The perfect technology assumption suggests that events should only be included in the analysis if the system would be required to respond under ideal conditions. This means that the analysis should consider the system's response in an ideal scenario where the technology used is perfect and functions flawlessly. It implies that any events or factors that are dependent on the technology's performance should be taken into account only if the technology is assumed to be perfect.

Looping in an activity diagram is best represented using synchronization bars. Synchronization bars indicate that a certain set of actions or activities need to be repeated until a specific condition is met. They show the flow of control within the loop and ensure that the activities within the loop are executed in a synchronized manner. Synchronization bars are commonly used in activity diagrams to depict looping and iteration.

The end result of an iteration is usually a piece of working code. This means that after going through the iteration process, the team has successfully developed and implemented a functional piece of software that meets the requirements and specifications. This code can then be tested, reviewed, and potentially integrated into the final system. It is important to note that while a project plan and set of specifications are important in the development process, they are not the direct end result of an iteration.

The correct answer is ":Vehicle(underlined)" because it follows the convention of denoting the label of a Vehicle object. The underlining of "Vehicle" suggests that it is the class or type of the object, while the colon before "Vehicle" indicates that it is a label for the object. The other options, such as "vehicle" and "Vehicle(italics)", do not adhere to this convention.

A use case refers to the system's reaction or response to an event. It represents a specific interaction between the system and its users or external entities. Use cases are used to capture and document the functional requirements of a system, describing how it should behave in response to various events or actions. They help to illustrate the system's behavior and provide a clear understanding of how it should operate in different scenarios.

A fully developed use case description typically includes a detailed flow of activities, similar to an activity diagram. An activity diagram is a visual representation that shows the sequence of activities and actions in a system or process. It is used to model the behavior of a system, illustrating how different activities are interconnected and how they flow from one to another. Therefore, an activity diagram is the most similar representation to the flow of activities described in a fully developed use case description.

In a sequence diagram, the syntax of a message is given by [A] B: C(D). The letter B represents the return value. This means that B represents the value that is returned by the message being sent in the sequence diagram.

The given statement is false. The final step in a given iteration is not always to deploy part of the system. The deployment of the system can occur at any stage during the iteration, depending on the development process and the specific requirements of the project. The final step can vary and may involve tasks such as testing, documentation, or stakeholder review before deployment.

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The event decomposition technique starts by identifying all of the business events. This technique involves breaking down a system or process into smaller events to understand its functions and interactions. By focusing on business events, the technique helps to identify the key activities and transactions that occur within an organization, allowing for a better understanding of the system's requirements and functionalities.

A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical decomposition of the project into smaller, more manageable tasks. It helps to organize and define the scope of the project. The correct answer, "list of tasks and estimated effort," aligns with the purpose of a WBS. The WBS breaks down the project into a list of tasks, which are then assigned estimated effort or duration. This allows for better planning, scheduling, and resource allocation. The other options, such as subsystem iteration assignments and assigned resources, or sequence of tasks and estimated effort, do not accurately represent the elements typically included in a WBS.

The given hierarchy shown in the figure suggests that Boat is a superclass. This means that there are other classes that inherit from the Boat class, such as Powerboat and Sailboat. Being a superclass implies that Boat is a more general or abstract class, while the subclasses (Powerboat, Sailboat) are more specific or specialized versions of the Boat class.

Object-oriented development methodology allows for the reuse of code, which is one of its primary benefits. This means that developers can create classes and objects that can be used in multiple projects, saving time and effort. By reusing code, developers can also ensure consistency and maintainability across different projects. Additionally, object-oriented development promotes modular and scalable design, making it easier to add new features or make changes to existing ones.

The creation of a work breakdown structure is helpful in the development of a detailed work schedule. A work breakdown structure breaks down a project into smaller, more manageable tasks, allowing for a clear understanding of the work that needs to be done. This breakdown helps in creating a detailed schedule that outlines the sequence and duration of each task, ensuring that the project is properly planned and executed.

System design refers to the activities that enable a person to describe in detail the system that solves the need. It involves creating a blueprint or plan for the system, specifying its components, their interactions, and how they will fulfill the requirements. This includes defining the system's structure, interfaces, and functionality. System design is an essential step in the development process as it ensures that the system will meet the desired objectives and requirements.

A system sequence diagram is the best model to use to document the inputs and outputs to a system. This diagram provides a visual representation of the interactions between an actor and the system, showing the sequence of messages exchanged. It helps to illustrate the flow of events and the order in which they occur, allowing for a clear understanding of the system's behavior. It is a useful tool for documenting and communicating the requirements and functionality of a system.

The highest cost for the development and deployment of a new system is usually salaries for the development team. This is because hiring skilled developers and engineers can be expensive, especially if the project requires specialized knowledge or experience. Salaries for the development team can account for a significant portion of the overall budget, as they are responsible for designing, coding, testing, and implementing the new system. Additionally, the development team may also require ongoing support and maintenance, further adding to the overall cost.

Cost/Benefit Analysis is the name given to the process of comparing costs and benefits to determine whether investing in a new system will be beneficial. Net Present Value, on the other hand, is a financial metric used in cost/benefit analysis to calculate the present value of future cash flows. Therefore, the correct answer is Cost/Benefit Analysis.

A use case is a description of a specific interaction between a user and a system, outlining the steps involved and the expected outcome. Its purpose is to identify a business event that requires system action. This means that a use case helps to identify a specific event or action that triggers the system to perform a certain task or function. By understanding these business events, the system can be designed and developed to effectively respond to them.

A class diagram is a visual representation of the structure and relationships of classes in a system. It helps to document the information requirements in the new system by showing how different classes are related to each other and what information they hold. By analyzing the class diagram, stakeholders can understand the data that needs to be stored and processed in the system, helping in the design and implementation of the system.

A workflow diagram is the most effective in describing the internal steps of a use case because it visually represents the sequence of activities or steps involved in completing a specific task or process. It shows the flow of information, decisions, and actions between different components or actors involved in the use case. This diagram helps to understand the order, dependencies, and interactions between the steps, making it easier to analyze and optimize the use case.

The fear of using a computer (computer phobia) can be seen as an organizational risk because it can impact the overall productivity and efficiency of the organization. If employees are unable or unwilling to use computers effectively, it can hinder their ability to perform their tasks and meet organizational goals. This fear can also lead to resistance to change and reluctance to adopt new technologies, which can hinder the organization's ability to innovate and stay competitive in the market. Therefore, computer phobia can be considered as an organizational risk that needs to be addressed and managed.

Maintaining core models to verify past decisions is not an agile modeling principle. Agile modeling emphasizes minimizing modeling activity, knowing how to use models effectively, and focusing on content rather than representation. The principle of maintaining core models to verify past decisions goes against the agile approach of embracing change and adapting to new information. Instead, agile modeling encourages frequent iterations and continuous improvement based on feedback and collaboration.

A scenario refers to a unique set of internal activities within a use case that represents a specific path or sequence of events. It outlines a particular situation or condition in which the use case is executed, providing a detailed description of the interactions between the user and the system. By defining a scenario, developers can better understand and analyze the behavior and functionality of the system, ensuring that it meets the intended requirements and objectives.