TASC Reading Exam 4

1. Consider the following chart and answer the question.

Question: At three and a half months, a baby girl in the 50^th percentile is about _____ centimeters long.

49

59

60

66

C. If you find the row for a 3.5-month-old and count five spaces right to the 50th percentile column, you see a value of 60.45918, or about 60 centimeters. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

C. If you find the row for a 3.5-month-old and count five spaces right to the 50th percentile column, you see a value of 60.45918, or about 60 centimeters. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

2. Consider the following chart and answer the question.

Question: Delia, a 6-month-old baby, is measured at 59 centimeters. How does her length compare to most babies her age?

Very long

A bit longer than average

A bit shorter than average

Very short

D. At 6 months, a 59-centimeter baby would be in or below the 3rd percentile, or very short for her age. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

D. At 6 months, a 59-centimeter baby would be in or below the 3rd percentile, or very short for her age. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

3. Consider the following chart and answer the question.

Question: The value in the bottom right corner of this chart is 70.95545. This number represents:

The length of a baby who is not yet 6.5 months old

The length of a baby who is closer to 6.9 months old

The length of a 6.5-month-old baby in the 97th percentile

The length of a baby who is closer to the 99th percentile

C. The bottom row shows the range of lengths likely for a 6.5-month-old baby. The rightmost column shows the 97th percentile value for each age group. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

C. The bottom row shows the range of lengths likely for a 6.5-month-old baby. The rightmost column shows the 97th percentile value for each age group. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

4. Consider the following chart and answer the question.

Question: At 2.5 months, Candice is 63.5 centimeters long. Which statement about her length is correct?

It is about average for babies her age.

It is between the 95th and 97th percentile for babies her age.

It is above the 97th percentile for babies her age.

It is incorrect; babies her age cannot be longer than about 62.75 centimeters.

C. Candice is unusually tall for her age, so that her length falls outside the values included in the chart. It is not impossible for her to be this tall; her height is above the 97th percentile. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

C. Candice is unusually tall for her age, so that her length falls outside the values included in the chart. It is not impossible for her to be this tall; her height is above the 97th percentile. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

5. Which of the following sentences uses the MOST formal language?

I hated the restaurant’s service.

I am displeased with the restaurant’s service.

I’m very unhappy with the restaurant’s service.

I am extremely dissatisfied with the service at the restaurant.

D. I am extremely dissatisfied with the service at the restaurant. The sentence uses the most formal language with no contractions and formal vocabulary. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

Explanation

D. I am extremely dissatisfied with the service at the restaurant. The sentence uses the most formal language with no contractions and formal vocabulary. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

6. Read the text below and answer the question. Publishers typically pay male authors slightly higher advances than female authors. They also price men's books higher, which results in higher royalty payments for male creators. Male authors are more likely than female authors to win literary awards, receive speaking invitations, and gain attention from major reviewers, all of which drive sales. Question: Which phrase best describes the topic of the group of sentences above?

An analysis of literary award winners

Gender differences in author income

A description of a book reviewer’s day

Resources for increasing author income

B. All of the above sentences relate to author income, and particularly to differences in income for male and female authors. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

B. All of the above sentences relate to author income, and particularly to differences in income for male and female authors. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

7. Read the text below and answer the question. Publishers typically pay male authors slightly higher advances than female authors. They also price men's books higher, which results in higher royalty payments for male creators. Male authors are more likely than female authors to win literary awards, receive speaking invitations, and gain attention from major reviewers, all of which drive sales. Question: Which sentence provides another supporting detail to address the topic of the sentences above?

Many young people dream of being famous writers, but authors face a difficult path to financial success with their work.

D. The collection of sentences above all relate to gender differences in author income, so the best fit for the topic is a statement about people’s likelihood of purchasing books by men and women. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

D. The collection of sentences above all relate to gender differences in author income, so the best fit for the topic is a statement about people’s likelihood of purchasing books by men and women. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

8. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: The topic of this paragraph is:

Fasting.

Obesity.

Fad diets.

Binge eating.

C. The topic of this paragraph is related to obesity, but it is more narrowly focused on the fad diets people use as they try to control their weight. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

C. The topic of this paragraph is related to obesity, but it is more narrowly focused on the fad diets people use as they try to control their weight. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

9. Read the following text and summary. Then answer the question. Original Text: Nobody groaned when Candace arrived at the door. Several people's smiles did look a bit plastic for a moment, but they could hardly be blamed for that. Poor Gladys, who had to sit right next to Candace on the couch, accepted her fate with good grace. Afterward she developed a hilarious and highly popular impression of Candace's donkey bray laugh, but in the moment Gladys was the picture of welcome and friendliness. All of the invited guests took their cue from Gladys and showed Candace a good time. By the time Candace went home, she looked pink with pleasure at how well she'd been treated. It was quite inspiring. After all, well-bred kids should never be unkind. Summary: When a widely disliked girl named Candace arrives uninvited to a party, all the invited guests pretend to welcome her. Because they resist the urge to be cruel to her face, they congratulate themselves on their so-called kindness. Question: Why wouldn't an effective summary comment on Candace's personality?

Only the invited guests really know who Candace is.

Her personality is irrelevant to the events of the story.

That would express a judgment about the original text.

The original text does not describe Candace’s personality.

D. The original text clearly implies that the invited guests at the party are being cruel, but it does not clearly show how Candace thinks or feels. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

D. The original text clearly implies that the invited guests at the party are being cruel, but it does not clearly show how Candace thinks or feels. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

10. What are graphic elements in a text?

Ideas arranged sequentially

Main ideas restated differently

Information presented visually

White space between paragraphs

C. Graphic elements in a text present information visually in order to back up an argument, illustrate factual information or instructions, or present key facts and statistics. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

C. Graphic elements in a text present information visually in order to back up an argument, illustrate factual information or instructions, or present key facts and statistics. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

11. Which term describes the most likely structure of an essay proposing ways to avoid a future war?

Narrative

Persuasive

Description

Problem-solution

D. The structure of a text is its organizational scheme, not its category. Of the options above, a problem-solution structure is most likely. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

Explanation

D. The structure of a text is its organizational scheme, not its category. Of the options above, a problem-solution structure is most likely. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

12. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media. Statistics show that over nine out of ten teens go online using a mobile device daily, and seven out of ten use more than one major social media site. This is too much. Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life. You know how frustrating it feels to try to talk to someone who constantly disengages to check a phone. Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings. Social media shouldn't be the primary social outlet for young people because people who rely mainly on the Internet for social interaction are unhappy and unfulfilled. Question: What is the primary argument in the passage?

All young people face emotional and social problems.

Teens and young adults should limit their social media use.

People under age 35 have never known life without the Internet.

Disengaging to check a phone can damage real-life social interactions.

B. This passage argues that teens and young adults spend too much time on social media. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

B. This passage argues that teens and young adults spend too much time on social media. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

13. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media. Statistics show that over nine out of ten teens go online using a mobile device daily, and seven out of ten use more than one major social media site. This is too much. Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life. You know how frustrating it feels to try to talk to someone who constantly disengages to check a phone. Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings. Social media shouldn't be the primary social outlet for young people because people who rely mainly on the Internet for social interaction are unhappy and unfulfilled. Question: Which excerpt from the text, if true, is a fact?

Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media.

Statistics show that over nine out of ten teens go online using a mobile device daily.

Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life.

Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings.

B. Factual information is verifiable and not based on personal beliefs or feelings. The statistic about the number of teens who go online daily is a fact. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

B. Factual information is verifiable and not based on personal beliefs or feelings. The statistic about the number of teens who go online daily is a fact. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

14. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media. Statistics show that over nine out of ten teens go online using a mobile device daily, and seven out of ten use more than one major social media site. This is too much. Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life. You know how frustrating it feels to try to talk to someone who constantly disengages to check a phone. Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings. Social media shouldn't be the primary social outlet for young people because people who rely mainly on the Internet for social interaction are unhappy and unfulfilled. Re-read the following sentence from the passage: Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings. Question: The reasoning in this sentence is faulty because it makes a(n):

Circular statement.

Overgeneralization.

Bandwagon argument.

False statement of cause and effect.

B. This sentence makes an overgeneralization by claiming that online interactions are never as good as conversations with human beings. It is possible to imagine many exceptions to this statement. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

B. This sentence makes an overgeneralization by claiming that online interactions are never as good as conversations with human beings. It is possible to imagine many exceptions to this statement. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

15. Read the draft paragraph below and answer the question. The Harry Potter books are told from a third person limited omniscient point of view. (1) The narrator describes Harry's actions using words like he and him rather than I and me, but the narrator can access Harry's inner thoughts as a real human observer could not. (2) The narrator is unable to read the thoughts of other characters, even of Harry's close friends, Ron and Hermione. (3) The reader must guess at their thoughts, as friends must sometimes guess at the thoughts of friends in real life. (4) Rowling weaves her narratives in a way that makes readers feel a close kinship with Harry. (5) Question: Imagine this is a body paragraph in a draft essay with the following thesis: "The Harry Potter series is successful partly because the author, J.K. Rowling, does an expert job of engaging her audience's emotions." Which sentence should be moved to the beginning of the paragraph to create a clear and direct link back to this argument?

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

Sentence 4

Sentence 5

D. The first sentence of this paragraph should support the claim that J.K. Rowling expertly engages the audience’s emotions. The sentence about readers feeling a kinship with Harry is the clearest and most direct link to this idea, so it belongs at the beginning. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Explanation

D. The first sentence of this paragraph should support the claim that J.K. Rowling expertly engages the audience’s emotions. The sentence about readers feeling a kinship with Harry is the clearest and most direct link to this idea, so it belongs at the beginning. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

16. Read the draft paragraph below and answer the question. The Harry Potter books are told from a third person limited omniscient point of view. (1) The narrator describes Harry's actions using words like he and him rather than I and me, but the narrator can access Harry's inner thoughts as a real human observer could not. (2) The narrator is unable to read the thoughts of other characters, even of Harry's close friends, Ron and Hermione. (3) The reader must guess at their thoughts, as friends must sometimes guess at the thoughts of friends in real life. (4) Rowling weaves her narratives in a way that makes readers feel a close kinship with Harry. (5) Question: Which transition best fits at the beginning of Sentence 4?

Therefore

In contrast

Seemingly

Meanwhile

A. Sentence 4 describes the consequence of the fact that readers cannot see into the minds of any character except Harry. This calls for a causation transition such as therefore or thus. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Explanation

A. Sentence 4 describes the consequence of the fact that readers cannot see into the minds of any character except Harry. This calls for a causation transition such as therefore or thus. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

17. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: What is the purpose of the first paragraph of Passage 1?

To inform

To distract

To persuade

To entertain

C. Passage 1 is intended to persuade readers that termites are amazing insects. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

C. Passage 1 is intended to persuade readers that termites are amazing insects. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

18. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: With which statement would the author of Passage 1 most likely agree with?

Things are not always what they seem.

The best things in life come in small packages.

If you try hard enough, you can achieve anything.

Working together accomplishes more than working alone.

A. Passage 1 says, “Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures.” This suggests that termites are misunderstood and things are not always what they seem. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

A. Passage 1 says, “Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures.” This suggests that termites are misunderstood and things are not always what they seem. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

19. Which term refers to the feelings a text creates in the reader?

Tone

Irony

Mood

Theme

C. Mood is the feeling a text creates in a reader; tone is the author’s attitude toward the subject. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

Explanation

C. Mood is the feeling a text creates in a reader; tone is the author’s attitude toward the subject. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

20. The tone of a text is:

A word or phrase that links ideas.

The reader’s emotional response.

A structural pattern in a series of words.

The author’s attitude toward the subject.

D. Tone is the author’s apparent attitude toward the subject of a text. It is distinguished from mood, which is the reader’s emotional response. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

Explanation

D. Tone is the author’s apparent attitude toward the subject of a text. It is distinguished from mood, which is the reader’s emotional response. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

21. Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

An encyclopedia

A biography

A guidebook

An interview

D. Primary sources are written by people who witnessed the original creation or discovery of the information they present. An interview would be an example of a primary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

Explanation

D. Primary sources are written by people who witnessed the original creation or discovery of the information they present. An interview would be an example of a primary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

22. Consider the following chart and answer the question.

Question: Samantha, a 6-week-old baby, is measured at 59 centimeters. How does her length compare to most babies her age?

Very long

A bit longer than average

A bit shorter than average

Very short

A. At 6 weeks (1.5 months), a 59-centimeter baby would be in the 95th percentile, or very tall for her age. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

A. At 6 weeks (1.5 months), a 59-centimeter baby would be in the 95th percentile, or very tall for her age. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

23. Which of the following sentences is passive?

A.His friend drove the car to the concert.

B.The English class used the computer lab.

C.The hotel room was cleaned by the maid.

D.Almost one hundred people came to her birthday party.

C. The hotel room was cleaned by the maid. This sentence is passive because the subject is being acted upon; the hotel room is acting upon the maid. There is a “to be” (was) verb and the words “by the” which indicates that the sentence is passive.See Lesson: Active and Passive Voice.

Explanation

C. The hotel room was cleaned by the maid. This sentence is passive because the subject is being acted upon; the hotel room is acting upon the maid. There is a “to be” (was) verb and the words “by the” which indicates that the sentence is passive.See Lesson: Active and Passive Voice.

24. How would you change the following sentence to active voice? The bill concerning immigration reform was vetoed by the president.

The immigration reform bill was vetoed by the president.

The president vetoed the bill concerning immigration reform

Concerning immigration reform, the bill was vetoed by the presiden

It is already in active voice.

B. The president vetoed the bill concerning immigration reform. The sentence is active because the subject is performing the action of the verb, and not being acted on. See Lesson: Active and Passive Voice.

Explanation

B. The president vetoed the bill concerning immigration reform. The sentence is active because the subject is performing the action of the verb, and not being acted on. See Lesson: Active and Passive Voice.

25. Which of the following sentences uses the MOST informal language?

I will see you tomorrow.

See you later.

I will come by later.

We will hang out this weekend.

B. See you later. It is the most informal because it is a sentence fragment. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

Explanation

B. See you later. It is the most informal because it is a sentence fragment. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

26. Read the text below and answer the question. Publishers typically pay male authors slightly higher advances than female authors. They also price men's books higher, which results in higher royalty payments for male creators. Male authors are more likely than female authors to win literary awards, receive speaking invitations, and gain attention from major reviewers, all of which drive sales. Question: Which of the following sentences would best function as a topic sentence to unite the information above?

Gender differences in author pay primarily result from the fact that male authors appeal to a broader audience base.

Although writers do not have fixed salaries, entrenched stereotyping results in a substantial pay gap between male and female authors.

B. The sentences above discuss pay differences between male and female authors but not differences in the quality or appeal of their work, so the best topic sentence would relate to gender stereotyping and author pay. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

B. The sentences above discuss pay differences between male and female authors but not differences in the quality or appeal of their work, so the best topic sentence would relate to gender stereotyping and author pay. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

27. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: The topic sentence of this paragraph is:

But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline.

Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates.

It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society.

Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors.

A. The first sentence of this paragraph leads the reader toward the main idea, which is expressed next in a topic sentence about the harmfulness of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

A. The first sentence of this paragraph leads the reader toward the main idea, which is expressed next in a topic sentence about the harmfulness of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

28. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: If the author added a description of a man who attempted several fad diets and ended up heavier than ever, what type of information would this be?

A main idea

A topic sentence

A supporting detail

An off-topic sentence

C. A description of a failed experience with fad diets would function as a supporting detail in this paragraph about the negative consequences of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

C. A description of a failed experience with fad diets would function as a supporting detail in this paragraph about the negative consequences of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

29. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: Why doesn't a statistic about early childhood obesity rates belong in this paragraph?

It does not directly support the main idea that fad diets are harmful.

Readers might feel hopeless to solve the problem the author identifies.

Statistics should never be used as supporting details in persuasive writing.

It would act as a second topic sentence and confuse readers about the main idea.

A. Although a statistic about early childhood obesity might belong in a passage focusing on obesity rates, it would be off-topic information in this paragraph on the harm of fad dieting. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

A. Although a statistic about early childhood obesity might belong in a passage focusing on obesity rates, it would be off-topic information in this paragraph on the harm of fad dieting. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

30. Read the following text and summary. Then answer the question. Original Text: Nobody groaned when Candace arrived at the door. Several people's smiles did look a bit plastic for a moment, but they could hardly be blamed for that. Poor Gladys, who had to sit right next to Candace on the couch, accepted her fate with good grace. Afterward she developed a hilarious and highly popular impression of Candace's donkey bray laugh, but in the moment Gladys was the picture of welcome and friendliness. All of the invited guests took their cue from Gladys and showed Candace a good time. By the time Candace went home, she looked pink with pleasure at how well she'd been treated. It was quite inspiring. After all, well-bred kids should never be unkind. Summary: When a widely disliked girl named Candace arrives uninvited to a party, all the invited guests pretend to welcome her. Because they resist the urge to be cruel to her face, they congratulate themselves on their so-called kindness. Question: Which detail in the summary is implicitly but not explicitly included in the original text?

A girl named Candace arrives at a party.

The invited guests feel the urge to be cruel.

The invited guests pretend to welcome Candace.

Candace is pink with pleasure when she goes home.

B. The original text says explicitly that the invited guests welcome Candace, but it only implies that they want to be cruel to her. The original text shows this partly by saying that Gladys and the other guests mock Candace when she is gone. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

B. The original text says explicitly that the invited guests welcome Candace, but it only implies that they want to be cruel to her. The original text shows this partly by saying that Gladys and the other guests mock Candace when she is gone. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

31. Read the following text and summary. Then answer the question. Original Text: Nobody groaned when Candace arrived at the door. Several people's smiles did look a bit plastic for a moment, but they could hardly be blamed for that. Poor Gladys, who had to sit right next to Candace on the couch, accepted her fate with good grace. Afterward she developed a hilarious and highly popular impression of Candace's donkey bray laugh, but in the moment Gladys was the picture of welcome and friendliness. All of the invited guests took their cue from Gladys and showed Candace a good time. By the time Candace went home, she looked pink with pleasure at how well she'd been treated. It was quite inspiring. After all, well-bred kids should never be unkind. Summary: When a widely disliked girl named Candace arrives uninvited to a party, all the invited guests pretend to welcome her. Because they resist the urge to be cruel to her face, they congratulate themselves on their so-called kindness. Question: Which detail from the original text most clearly implies that the invited guests dislike Candace?

It describes Candace looking “pink with pleasure.”

It states that “well-bred kids should never be unkind.”

It says the invited guests “showed Candace a good time.”

It mentions “poor Gladys” who “had to” be near Candace.

D. The original text shows the guests’ dislike for Candace partly by expressing sympathy for the girl who has to sit next to her. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

D. The original text shows the guests’ dislike for Candace partly by expressing sympathy for the girl who has to sit next to her. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

32. Read the following text and summary. Then answer the question. Original Text: Nobody groaned when Candace arrived at the door. Several people's smiles did look a bit plastic for a moment, but they could hardly be blamed for that. Poor Gladys, who had to sit right next to Candace on the couch, accepted her fate with good grace. Afterward she developed a hilarious and highly popular impression of Candace's donkey bray laugh, but in the moment Gladys was the picture of welcome and friendliness. All of the invited guests took their cue from Gladys and showed Candace a good time. By the time Candace went home, she looked pink with pleasure at how well she'd been treated. It was quite inspiring. After all, well-bred kids should never be unkind. Summary: When a widely disliked girl named Candace arrives uninvited to a party, all the invited guests pretend to welcome her. Because they resist the urge to be cruel to her face, they congratulate themselves on their so-called kindness. Question: Which sequence shows in what order the events occurred?

Candace looks pink with pleasure, people’s smiles look plastic, Candace leaves.

Candace arrives, Candace leaves, Gladys mocks Candace’s “donkey bray laugh.”

Candace arrives, Gladys accepts her fate with good grace, people’s smiles look plastic.

Gladys pretends to welcome Candace, Gladys mocks Candace’s “donkey bray laugh,” Candace leaves.

B. The word “afterward” and the phrase “in the moment” indicate Gladys mocks Candace’s laugh only after Candace is out of earshot. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

B. The word “afterward” and the phrase “in the moment” indicate Gladys mocks Candace’s laugh only after Candace is out of earshot. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

33. Which of the following is an example of a secondary source?

A diary of a politician

A biography of a politician

A study guide on a politician’s speech

An encyclopedia article about a politician

B. A biography of a politician would be a historical or analytical account that adds insight on the topic. This makes it a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

Explanation

B. A biography of a politician would be a historical or analytical account that adds insight on the topic. This makes it a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

34. Which of the following statements accurately describes a summary?

A summary makes a judgment about the original text.

A summary leaves out the main idea of the original text.

A summary restates implicit ideas from the original text.

A summary copies words and phrases from the original text

C. A summary may restate implicit ideas as long as they are clearly indicated in the original text. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

C. A summary may restate implicit ideas as long as they are clearly indicated in the original text. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

35. Which term describes the most likely structure of an essay about how World War II started?

Technical

Expository

Cause/effect

Compare/contrast

C. The structure of a text is its organizational scheme, not its category. Of the options above, a cause/effect structure is most likely. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

Explanation

C. The structure of a text is its organizational scheme, not its category. Of the options above, a cause/effect structure is most likely. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

36. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media. Statistics show that over nine out of ten teens go online using a mobile device daily, and seven out of ten use more than one major social media site. This is too much. Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life. You know how frustrating it feels to try to talk to someone who constantly disengages to check a phone. Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings. Social media shouldn't be the primary social outlet for young people because people who rely mainly on the Internet for social interaction are unhappy and unfulfilled. Re-read the following sentence from the passage: Social media shouldn't be the primary social outlet for young people because people who rely mainly on the Internet for social interaction are unhappy and unfulfilled. Question: The reasoning in this sentence is faulty because it:

Suggests that an idea is good because everyone is doing it.

Claims that there are only two ways to solve a complex problem.

Restates the argument in different words instead of providing evidence.

Assumes that people socialize because they want to feel happy and fulfilled.

C. The sentence in question is an example of circular reasoning. That is, it restates the argument in different words instead of providing evidence to back it up. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

C. The sentence in question is an example of circular reasoning. That is, it restates the argument in different words instead of providing evidence to back it up. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

37. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media. Statistics show that over nine out of ten teens go online using a mobile device daily, and seven out of ten use more than one major social media site. This is too much. Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life. You know how frustrating it feels to try to talk to someone who constantly disengages to check a phone. Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings. Social media shouldn't be the primary social outlet for young people because people who rely mainly on the Internet for social interaction are unhappy and unfulfilled. Re-read the following sentence from the passage: Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media. Question: This sentence is an opinion because it:

Reflects a belief, not a verifiable fact.

Does not say how much is too much.

Restricts its statement to people under 35.

Lumps all people under 35 into one category.

A. The phrase “too much” in this sentence reflects a judgment that is subject to interpretation. This indicates that the sentence reflects a belief rather than a fact. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

A. The phrase “too much” in this sentence reflects a judgment that is subject to interpretation. This indicates that the sentence reflects a belief rather than a fact. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

38. Read the text below and answer the question. Before I came to America, I couldn't have known how difficult it would be. I knew I would miss my mother and my friends and my language, but I didn't know I would have to scrabble so desperately for so long to earn my place. Even when I had managed to make a living, I overworked myself with an animal terror. When I left home, I thought I was leaving poverty behind, but eventually I came to understand that I had escaped physical poverty by stepping into a poverty of the soul. Question: Which sequence accurately describes what happened first, second, and third in the passage?

Arriving in America, overworking, escaping physical poverty.

Coming to America, escaping physical poverty, stepping into a poverty of the soul.

Knowing how difficult America would be, leaving home, stepping into a poverty of the soul.

Expecting to miss friends, knowing how difficult America would be, arriving in America.

B. This paragraph discusses the past and future in a way that shifts constantly between the two. Some events are vague and may overlap with others. However, coming to America is a clear event that happened before the escape from physical poverty and the entrance into the poverty of the soul. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

B. This paragraph discusses the past and future in a way that shifts constantly between the two. Some events are vague and may overlap with others. However, coming to America is a clear event that happened before the escape from physical poverty and the entrance into the poverty of the soul. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

39. Read the draft paragraph below and answer the question. The Harry Potter books are told from a third person limited omniscient point of view. (1) The narrator describes Harry's actions using words like he and him rather than I and me, but the narrator can access Harry's inner thoughts as a real human observer could not. (2) The narrator is unable to read the thoughts of other characters, even of Harry's close friends, Ron and Hermione. (3) The reader must guess at their thoughts, as friends must sometimes guess at the thoughts of friends in real life. (4) Rowling weaves her narratives in a way that makes readers feel a close kinship with Harry. (5) Question: Which evidence would back up the claim that the Harry Potter books are told in the third person limited omniscient point of view?

A detail describing emotional events in the life of author J.K. Rowling

A quotation that shows Harry feeling surprised by another character’s choices

An example of how the author’s word choice makes the setting scene magical

A short summary of an exciting scene in which a character encounters a dragon

B. As the paragraph explains, a third person limited omniscient narrator has access to one and only one character’s thoughts. If the author shows a main character feeling surprised by another character’s choices, the reader sees the main character’s thoughts but only the supporting character’s actions. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Explanation

B. As the paragraph explains, a third person limited omniscient narrator has access to one and only one character’s thoughts. If the author shows a main character feeling surprised by another character’s choices, the reader sees the main character’s thoughts but only the supporting character’s actions. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

40. Read the draft paragraph below and answer the question. The Harry Potter books are told from a third person limited omniscient point of view. (1) The narrator describes Harry's actions using words like he and him rather than I and me, but the narrator can access Harry's inner thoughts as a real human observer could not. (2) The narrator is unable to read the thoughts of other characters, even of Harry's close friends, Ron and Hermione. (3) The reader must guess at their thoughts, as friends must sometimes guess at the thoughts of friends in real life. (4) Rowling weaves her narratives in a way that makes readers feel a close kinship with Harry. (5) Question: Which transition best fits at the beginning of Sentence 2?

That is

Moreover

In contrast

Thereafter

A. The transition that is interprets or clarifies a thought. This works in context because Sentence 2 clarifies the claim from Sentence 1 by explaining what it means. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Explanation

A. The transition that is interprets or clarifies a thought. This works in context because Sentence 2 clarifies the claim from Sentence 1 by explaining what it means. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

41. Read the draft paragraph below and answer the question. The Harry Potter books are told from a third person limited omniscient point of view. (1) The narrator describes Harry's actions using words like he and him rather than I and me, but the narrator can access Harry's inner thoughts as a real human observer could not. (2) The narrator is unable to read the thoughts of other characters, even of Harry's close friends, Ron and Hermione. (3) The reader must guess at their thoughts, as friends must sometimes guess at the thoughts of friends in real life. (4) Rowling weaves her narratives in a way that makes readers feel a close kinship with Harry. (5) Question: Which sentence provides further explanation to back up the point in Sentence 4?

You have probably had the real-life experience of wondering what friends were thinking and feeling worried about their opinions.

Readers must wonder whether author J.K. Rowling feels socially anxious when she is unable to read her friends’ thoughts.

B. Any reasoning or explanation in an essay should stay closely focused on the point, explaining it in detail. Only the sentence about connecting emotionally with characters’ story does this. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Explanation

B. Any reasoning or explanation in an essay should stay closely focused on the point, explaining it in detail. Only the sentence about connecting emotionally with characters’ story does this. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

42. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: What is the primary purpose of Passage 2?

To inform

To distract

To persuade

To entertain

D. Passage 2 tells a story, which is meant to entertain. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

D. Passage 2 tells a story, which is meant to entertain. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

43. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: The author of Passage 1 supports his/her points primarily by:

Telling humanizing stories.

Relying on facts and logic.

Pointing to expert sources.

Using fear tactics and manipulation.

B. The author of Passage 1 uses primarily facts and logic, although she could strengthen her points by clearly identifying sources or establishing her credentials. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

B. The author of Passage 1 uses primarily facts and logic, although she could strengthen her points by clearly identifying sources or establishing her credentials. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

44. Read the paragraph below and answer the question. H.D.'s poem "Oread" creates a metaphorical connection between the sea and the land. In the opening lines of the poem, she writes, "Whirl up, sea—/ whirl your pointed pines." The "pointed pines" in these lines are waves. Question: This paragraph would be improved if the author:

Stated a reason for choosing H.D.’s poetry as a topic.

Identified the source of the quotation in the second sentence.

Explained the connection between the point and the evidence.

Defined the word “metaphor” to prove an understanding of the term.

C. This paragraph does not fully explain the connection between the opening point and the evidence in the quotation. See Lesson: The Writing Process.

Explanation

C. This paragraph does not fully explain the connection between the opening point and the evidence in the quotation. See Lesson: The Writing Process.

45. Read the paragraph below and answer the question. H.D.'s poem "Oread" creates a metaphorical connection between the sea and the land. In the opening lines of the poem, she writes, "Whirl up, sea—/ whirl your pointed pines." The "pointed pines" in these lines are waves. Question: Which sentence most naturally completes the thought developed in this paragraph?

The poet is using apostrophe when she addresses the sea directly as she would a person.

The repetition of p sounds in this phrase is an example of a poetic technique called alliteration.

By comparing waves to trees, H.D. blurs the distinction between the wild ocean and the solid shore.

D. The sentence about comparing waves to trees shows how the metaphor works in the poem. This completes the point begun in the first three sentences of the paragraph? See Lesson: The Writing Process.

Explanation

D. The sentence about comparing waves to trees shows how the metaphor works in the poem. This completes the point begun in the first three sentences of the paragraph? See Lesson: The Writing Process.

46. Read the following sentence: Studies of chimpanzee behavior suggest that the preoccupation with jealousy and fairness is not unique to man. Which revision gives the sentence greater inclusivity?

A Rice University study of chimpanzee behavior suggests that the preoccupation with jealousy and fairness is not unique to man.

A Rice University study of chimpanzee behavior suggest that the preoccupation with jealousy and fairness is not unique to mankind.

Studies of chimpanzee behavior suggest that the preoccupation with jealousy and fairness is not unique to human beings.

No change.

C. Revising for inclusivity means eliminating stereotypically gendered language use. Here, the original author uses “man” to refer to all of humankind. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Explanation

C. Revising for inclusivity means eliminating stereotypically gendered language use. Here, the original author uses “man” to refer to all of humankind. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

47. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Read the following description of the paragraph: The author argues unfairly against fad diets without taking their good qualities into account. Question: Why is this not a valid description of the main idea?

It is not accurate; the author of the paragraph is stating facts, not opinions.

It is not objective; the person summarizing the main idea is adding a judgment.

It is not accurate; the author of the paragraph does not argue against fad diets.

It is not objective; the person summarizing the main idea ignores a sentence about the benefits of dieting.

B. Although this description of the paragraph would be valid in an opinion response, it is not merely a statement of the main idea because it adds the reader’s judgment about the paragraph. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

B. Although this description of the paragraph would be valid in an opinion response, it is not merely a statement of the main idea because it adds the reader’s judgment about the paragraph. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

48. What type of source is an online video presentation on the works of a famous artist?

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

None of the above

B. Secondary sources respond to, analyze, summarize, or comment on primary sources. In this case, the artist’s work is considered the primary source, so the commentary on the artwork would be a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

Explanation

B. Secondary sources respond to, analyze, summarize, or comment on primary sources. In this case, the artist’s work is considered the primary source, so the commentary on the artwork would be a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

49. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most people under age 35 spend too much time on social media. Statistics show that over nine out of ten teens go online using a mobile device daily, and seven out of ten use more than one major social media site. This is too much. Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life. You know how frustrating it feels to try to talk to someone who constantly disengages to check a phone. Interacting online can be fun, but it never provides as much satisfaction as talking with actual human beings. Social media shouldn't be the primary social outlet for young people because people who rely mainly on the Internet for social interaction are unhappy and unfulfilled. Re-read the following sentence from the passage: Teens and young adults must limit their use of social media or face deteriorating relationships in real life. Question: What type of faulty reasoning does this sentence display?

Either/or fallacy

Circular reasoning

Bandwagon argument

False statement of cause and effect

A. This statement takes a complex issue and presents it as if only two possible options are in play. This is an either/or fallacy. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

A. This statement takes a complex issue and presents it as if only two possible options are in play. This is an either/or fallacy. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

50. What is revision?

Creating a mind map to organize ideas

Correcting misspellings and grammatical errors

Forming a question to guide the research process

Strengthening the content and organization in writing

D. Revision isn’t just fixing errors; it’s the process of strengthening content and organization in writing. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Explanation

D. Revision isn’t just fixing errors; it’s the process of strengthening content and organization in writing. See Lesson: Essay Revision and Transitions.

Tasc Reading Exam 4