TAH Roots Of Freedom Post-test
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This post-test contains 70 multiple choice questions. There is a 1-hour time limit for completion. Please keep in the mind the results will be used solely for the purpose of helping to evaluate and report on the overall success of the TAH Roots of Freedom grant program as required by the federal grants office. Your individual scores will be kept strictly confidential and will only be used in comparison to pre-test scores and then compiled and reported in aggregate as part of the annual grant reporting requirements. This means individual scores will not be reported to the district or used for any other purpose. Thank you in advance for your time and participation!
- 1.The Open Door policy in China called for which of the following?
- A.
A consortium of nations to govern China
- B.
International acknowledgement of China’s right to exclude the trade of any nation
- C.
Recognition of Chinese territorial gains in Manchuria
- D.
Reduction of foreign tariffs on Chinese goods
- E.
equal commercial access by all nations to the existing spheres of influence in China
- 2.Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that
- A.
An aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic
- B.
The National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people
- C.
Political participation by the common man should be increased
- D.
Political rights should be granted to women
- E.
Franchise restrictions should be racially neutral
- 3.President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to
- A.
Respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions
- B.
Rule out United States involvement in South America
- C.
Provide a rationale for United States intervention in the Isthmus of Panama
- D.
Warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere
- E.
Encourage Britain to help the fledgling Latin America states
- 4.Which of the following transportation developments opened the West to settlement and trade between 1790 and 1830?
- A.
Turnpikes and canals
- B.
Railroads and steamships
- C.
Turnpikes and railroads
- D.
Clipper ships and turnpikes
- E.
Canals and railroads
- 5.Which of the following best describes the situation of freedom in the decade following the Civil War?
- A.
Each was given 40 acres of land and a mule by the Union government.
- B.
All were immediately granted political equality by the Emancipation Proclamation.
- C.
The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters.
- D.
They were required to pass a literacy test before being granted United States citizenship.
- E.
They supported the passage of Black Codes to ensure their economic and political rights.
- 6.Which of the following was a serious constitutional question after the Civil War?
- A.
The restoration of the power of the federal judiciary
- B.
The legality of the national banking system
- C.
The political and legal status of the former Confederate states
- D.
The relationship between the United States and Britain
- E.
The proposed annexation of Columbia
- 7.The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) did which of the following?
- A.
Denounced business combinations in restraint of trade
- B.
Sanctioned separate but equal public facilities for African Americans
- C.
Declared that the Fourteenth Amendment applied principally to the protection of corporations
- D.
Defined the Constitution as color blind
- E.
Empowered Congress to cancel treaties with American Indian tribes unilaterally
- 8.Shay’s Rebellion frightened many Americans when
- A.
City mobs raided flour supplies in Philadelphia
- B.
Debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts
- C.
Indians raided frontier settlements in Virginia
- D.
Squatters terrorized proprietors in New York
- E.
Vigilantes in South Carolina patrolled the frontier
- 9.“Competition is a law of nature…and can no more be done away with than gravitation….If we do not like survival of the fittest, we have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest." The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anti-civilization.” The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought?
- A.
Dialectical materialism
- B.
Utopian socialism
- C.
Social Darwinism
- D.
Transcendentalism
- E.
Existentialism
- 10.Perfectionism in the mid-nineteenth century is best defined as
- A.
Improvement in the manners of the lower classes
- B.
Faith in human capacity to achieve a better life on earth through conscious acts of will
- C.
The rewards of church membership and regular attendance at Sunday services
- D.
Allegiance to the political tenets of Jacksonian Democracy
- E.
Belief in the inevitability of economic progress
- 11.The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of
- A.
Freedom of the seas
- B.
Freedom of speech
- C.
The institution of slavery
- D.
States’ rights
- E.
Presidential power in foreign affairs
- 12.Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crisis of the 1850s?
- A.
They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.
- B.
They were active supporters of complete abolition.
- C.
They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa.
- D.
They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories.
- E.
They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States.
- 13.Which of the following is true of the case of Marbury v. Madison?
- A.
It established that Congress had the sole right to formulate national legislation
- B.
It supported Thomas Jefferson in his claim to have “executive review.”
- C.
It backed William Marbury in his request for a bank carrier.
- D.
It affirmed the principle of judicial review.
- E.
It determined the Senate’s right to “advise and consent.”
- 14.After the American Revolution, the concept of the “republican mother” suggested that
- A.
Women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic
- B.
Voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women
- C.
The first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of the government
- D.
Wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties
- E.
Women’s virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution
- 15.All of the following accurately describe Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France EXCEPT:
- A.
It opened the Mississippi River permanently to western farmers.
- B.
It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements.
- C.
It was made possible by the failure of Napoleon’s forces to suppress a slave revolt in Haiti.
- D.
It showed Jefferson’s considerable flexibility in dealing with foreign policy.
- E.
It violated Jefferson’s own views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution.
- 16.President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he
- A.
Acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government’s claim to Texas
- B.
Feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery
- C.
Was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion
- D.
Could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas
- E.
Believed that admitting Texas would violate international law
- 17.The Republican Party originated in the mid-1850s as a sectional party committed to which of the following?
- A.
Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories
- B.
Immediate emancipation of the slaves
- C.
Repeal of Whig economic policies
- D.
Restriction of immigration
- E.
Acknowledgement of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories
- 18.In 1890 the most important source of revenue for the federal government was
- A.
Income taxes
- B.
Inheritance taxes
- C.
Sales taxes
- D.
Liquor taxes
- E.
Customs duties
- 19.William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” oration was primarily an expression of his
- A.
Fundamentalist religious beliefs
- B.
Neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War
- C.
Advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver
- D.
Opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools
- E.
Anti-imperialist convictions
- 20.All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT:
- A.
Excessively cold winters
- B.
Federal recognition of American Indian land claims
- C.
A drop in cattle prices at stockyards
- D.
Overgrazing
- E.
Production of crops for distant markets
- 21.Jacob Riis is best known for his work in the 1890s as a
- A.
labor organizer and Socialist Party activist
- B.
Leader of the People’s Party
- C.
Reformer who encouraged new immigrants to homestead
- D.
Playwright whose dramas celebrated the assimilation of immigrants into American society
- E.
Journalist and photographer who publicized the wretched conditions in which many immigrants lived
- 22.In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790’s prompted
- A.
The acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves
- B.
A movement of free African Americans to Haiti
- C.
The passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellions
- D.
An increased fear of slave revolts in the South
- E.
A military expedition of southern slaveholders to restore French rule in Haiti
- 23.Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct?
- A.
They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi.
- B.
They were limited to combat duty.
- C.
They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat.
- D.
For most of the war, they were paid less than white soldiers of equal rank.
- E.
For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.
- 24.Between 1870 and 1900, farmers did all of the following in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT
- A.
Seek state regulation of railways
- B.
Limit production of crops
- C.
Organize cooperative marketing societies
- D.
Form a third political party
- E.
Advocate inflation of the currency
- 25.Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to
- A.
Levy taxes
- B.
Make treaties
- C.
Declare war
- D.
Request troops from states
- E.
Amend the Articles
- 26.Theodore Roosevelt was the first President to
- A.
Use troops without congressional approval
- B.
Balance the federal budget
- C.
Advocate an antilynching bill
- D.
Pursue an imperialistic foreign policy
- E.
Arbitrate a labor dispute
- 27.Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by
- A.
French-Canadian immigrants
- B.
Freed African Americans from the South
- C.
Irish immigrants
- D.
German immigrants
- E.
Italian immigrants
- 28.Members of the Hudson River School were best known for their paintings of
- A.
Portraits
- B.
Battle scenes
- C.
Sporting scenes
- D.
Landscapes
- E.
Still lifes
- 29.The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in
- A.
Texas
- B.
California
- C.
Kansas
- D.
Missouri
- E.
Oregon
- 30.Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention?
- A.
It was built as a series of compromises.
- B.
It provided exact specifications covering all aspects of government.
- C.
It was a revised version of the English Constitution.
- D.
It included a Bill of Rights.
- E.
It allowed all male citizens over the age of twenty-one to vote.
- 31.The Jefferson administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republican ideals?
- A.
Abolishing the bank of the United States
- B.
Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government
- C.
Discontinuing the funding of state debts
- D.
Increasing the size of the United States military
- E.
Adopting the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions at the national level
- 32.The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for
- A.
The prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory
- B.
The primacy of federal law over state-legislated Black Codes
- C.
The abolition of the international slave trade
- D.
The prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War
- E.
Federal return of fugitive slaves
- 33.Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from
- A.
Latin America
- B.
Asia
- C.
Canada
- D.
Middle-class backgrounds
- E.
European farms and villages
- 34.During the presidency of William H. Taft, United States policy in Latin America was driven primarily by
- A.
The administration’s desire to benefit from European colonial inroads in the region
- B.
The President’s goal of founding an effective Pan-American organization to deal with hemispheric issues
- C.
Congress’ determination to ameliorate the hostility engendered by Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy
- D.
Concern for the development of democracy and the protection of civil rights in the region
- E.
Concern for United States economic and strategic interests in the region
- 35.When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for
- A.
Immediate American aid to the Allied powers
- B.
Acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas
- C.
American trade with Europe on a cash-and-carry basis only
- D.
A strict embargo on trade with all warring nations
- E.
Strict prohibition of American travel on the ships of belligerents
- 36.The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to
- A.
Strengthen the legislative branch against the executive branch
- B.
Strengthen the executive branch against the legislative branch
- C.
Ensure the independence of the judiciary
- D.
Protect the sovereignty of the states
- E.
Insulate the presidency from the popular will
- 37.Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tend to
- A.
Promote business enterprise
- B.
Restrict federal powers of taxation
- C.
Restrict corporate development
- D.
Expand state control of economic activity
- E.
Reduce federal control of the economy
- 38.The women’s movement in the antebellum period was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
- A.
close links with the antislavery and temperance movements
- B.
Conventions in the Northeast and the Midwest, but not the South
- C.
Involvement of middle class women
- D.
A broad-based platform of legal and educational rights
- E.
Demands for equal compensation for equal work
- 39.The Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the
- A.
Missouri Compromise
- B.
Fugitive Slave Act
- C.
Ostend Manifesto
- D.
Wilmot Proviso
- E.
Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution
- 40.The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following?
- A.
Strengthened the position of big business.
- B.
Strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government.
- C.
Strengthened the position of organized labor.
- D.
Protected the civil and political rights of African Americans.
- E.
Protected the civil and political rights of women.
- 41.The majority of White families in the antebellum South owned
- A.
More than 100 slaves
- B.
50 to 100 slaves
- C.
10 to 50 slaves
- D.
5 to 10 slaves
- E.
No slaves
- 42.The Missouri Compromise did which of the following
- A.
Prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase.
- B.
Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave.
- C.
Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state.
- D.
Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories
- E.
Provided for the annexation of Texas.
- 43.“We believe that the time has come when the railroad corporations will either own the people or the people must own the railroads…We demand a national currency, safe, sound, and flexible…We demand a graduated income tax…We demand a free ballot.” Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? American Federation of Labor
- A.
American Federation of Labor
- B.
Union-Labor Party
- C.
People’s Party (Populists)
- D.
National Grange
- E.
Democratic Party
- 44.The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson also
- A.
Upheld segregated railroad facilities.
- B.
Declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional.
- C.
Upheld literacy testing as a condition of voting in federal elections.
- D.
Outlawed segregation in public schools.
- E.
Restricted the right to purchase or sell land.
- 45.Which of the following aroused the greatest controversy in the United States at the end of the Spanish-American War?
- A.
Payment of a $20 million indemnity to Spain
- B.
Humanitarian efforts on behalf of concentration camp victims
- C.
Acquisition of the Philippine Islands
- D.
Liberation of Cuba from Spanish control
- E.
Increases in the size of the army and navy
- 46.The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of
- A.
Encouraging immigration from Ireland and Germany
- B.
Encouraging Chinese contract laborers to emigrate to the United States
- C.
Settling White Americans on western lands
- D.
Settling American Indians on reservations
- E.
Transporting African Americans to Africa
- 47.Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s?
- A.
Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen
- B.
Its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union
- C.
Its policy of racial inclusiveness
- D.
Its campaign for a minimum wage
- E.
Its active recruitment of immigrant workers
- 48.From the 1880’s to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant American Indian policy of the United States government sought to
- A.
Strengthen traditional tribal authority
- B.
Relocate all American Indians to the Oklahoma territory
- C.
Encourage American Indian emigration to Canada
- D.
Encourage American Indians to preserve their languages and religions
- E.
Break up tribal landholdings
- 49.Alexander Hamilton’s financial program was most favorable to
- A.
Western farmers
- B.
War veterans
- C.
Southern planters
- D.
Eastern merchants
- E.
State bankers
- 50.The most unpopular and least successful of President Thomas Jefferson’s policies was his
- A.
Advocacy of territorial expansion
- B.
Handling of the Barbary Coast pirates
- C.
Reduction of the size of the military
- D.
Reduction of the national debt
- E.
Adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France
- 51.Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?
- A.
Congress could abolish slavery at will.
- B.
National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.
- C.
The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution.
- D.
Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free.
- E.
Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territorial limits.
- 52.In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following?
- A.
African American voting rights
- B.
An end to racial segregation
- C.
Support for African American self-help
- D.
Educational equality for African Americans
- E.
Racial integration of religious organizations
- 53.The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman strike was Pullman’s
- A.
Dismissal of union workers
- B.
Introduction of scrip in part payment of wages
- C.
Retraction of its promise to provide an employee insurance and retirement plan
- D.
Employment of immigrant labor at less than a living wage
- E.
Cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents
- 54.All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT
- A.
The gradual emancipation laws of individual states
- B.
Manumission granted for Revolutionary War service
- C.
Manumission granted by slaveholders’ wills
- D.
Natural increase among free African Americans
- E.
Federal constitutional provisions for emancipation
- 55.Daniel Webster’s address to the Senate in 1830 in reply to Senator Hayne is best remembered for its
- A.
Attack on the Tariff of Abominations
- B.
Defense of the principle of national union
- C.
Assertion of the idea of State’s rights
- D.
Apology for New England’s disloyalty in the War of 1812
- E.
Praise for President Andrew Jackson
- 56.The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following?
- A.
Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings.
- B.
Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity.
- C.
Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans.
- D.
Set up the reservation system.
- E.
Forbade the use of Native American languages in public schools.
- 57.“I have come to this country to introduce an entire new state of society; to change it from an ignorant, selfish system to an enlightened social system which shall gradually unite all interests into one and remove all causes for contest between individuals.” The statement above was made by which nineteenth-century Utopian reformer?
- A.
John Humphrey Noyes
- B.
Robert Owen
- C.
Karl Marx
- D.
Andrew Carnegie
- E.
Ann Lee
- 58.During the Gilded Age, which of the following groups generally voted Republican?
- A.
Black northerners
- B.
Southern Protestant farmers
- C.
Roman Catholic immigrants
- D.
Unskilled wage earners
- E.
Confederate war veterans
- 59.The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?
- A.
Admitted Texas to the Union as a slave state
- B.
Admitted California to the Union under the principles of popular sovereignty
- C.
Prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia
- D.
Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law
- E.
Adjusted the Texas-Mexico boundary
- 60.Which of the following was LEAST involved in the struggle for women’s rights?
- A.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- B.
Alice Paul
- C.
Lucretia Mott
- D.
Carrie Chapman Catt
- E.
Dorothea Dix
- 61.Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, women reformers were most active in the cause of
- A.
Temperance
- B.
Women suffrage
- C.
Pacifism
- D.
Immigrants’ rights
- E.
Workers’ rights
- 62.The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it
- A.
Represented the Union’s deepest thrust into southern territory
- B.
Forestalled the possibility of European intervention
- C.
Resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy
- D.
Marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army
- E.
Confirmed George McClellan’s status as the leading Union general
- 63.In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with
- A.
Protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson
- B.
Protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves
- C.
Ending slavery
- D.
Guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote
- E.
Establishing the Freedom’s Bureau
- 64.The Federalist papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the eighteenth century when they asserted that
- A.
A republican form of government could succeed only in small countries
- B.
Limitations on the popular will lead to tyranny
- C.
A weak central government was the only guarantee of individual rights
- D.
A large republic offered the best protection of minority rights
- E.
Political parties were crucial to the success of the new government
- 65.Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington’s administration because it
- A.
Allowed the United States to sue the port of New Orleans
- B.
Ceded Florida to the United States
- C.
Invited Americans to settle in Texas
- D.
Opened Spanish Caribbean ports to American trade
- E.
Withdrew Spain’s military forces from the Caribbean
- 66.Please provide your name (for pre-test comparison purposes only - individual test scores will not be reported)
- 67.Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives is a study of
- A.
Jim Crow segregation and its effect on African Americans
- B.
The plight of Great Plains farmers in the 1890’s
- C.
Immigrant urban poverty and despair in the 1890’s
- D.
The corruption in city political machines in the 1890’s
- E.
The rise of industrial capitalists in the late nineteenth century
- 68.The goal of the American Colonization Society was to
- A.
Return freed slaves to Africa
- B.
Recruit immigrant labor for American factories
- C.
Assimilate recent immigrants into American society
- D.
Extend United States influence to overseas colonies
- E.
Promote western expansion by funding internal improvements
- 69.In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by
- A.
A decline in the number of tenant farmers
- B.
A decline in foreclosures on Midwestern
- C.
An increase in wholesale prices for farm products
- D.
An increase in acres under cultivation
- E.
A decline in the number of farm cooperatives
- 70.The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson’s attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was
- A.
The creation of the “independent treasury”
- B.
An expansion of credit and speculation
- C.
The failure of state banks
- D.
The establishment of modern banking regulations
- E.
The creation of a federal deficit
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