Sociology Study Guide (23-24 April 2020)
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
_____ is the study of society and human behavior.
- A.
Sociology
- B.
Relativism
- C.
Culture
- D.
Sub Culture
Correct Answer
A. SociologyExplanation
Sociology is the study of society and human behavior. It examines how individuals and groups interact within a society, and how social structures and institutions shape human behavior. Sociology seeks to understand social phenomena such as social inequality, social change, and social norms. It uses various research methods, including surveys, interviews, and observations, to gather data and analyze social patterns. By studying sociology, researchers gain insights into the complexities of human society and can contribute to addressing social issues and improving the well-being of individuals and communities.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Karl Marx believed that ___was the most relevant factor in history
- A.
Democracy
- B.
Communism
- C.
Reconciliation
- D.
Class conflict
Correct Answer
D. Class conflictExplanation
Karl Marx believed that class conflict was the most relevant factor in history. According to Marx, society is divided into two main classes, the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class) and the proletariat (the working class). He argued that throughout history, these two classes have been in constant conflict, with the bourgeoisie exploiting the proletariat for their own economic gain. Marx believed that this class conflict was the driving force behind historical change and that it would ultimately lead to the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a communist society.Rate this question:
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- 3.
According to Max Weber, the key factor in the development of capitalism is_______
- A.
Economics
- B.
Politics
- C.
Religion
- D.
Tradition
Correct Answer
C. ReligionExplanation
Max Weber argued that religion played a crucial role in the development of capitalism. He believed that certain religious beliefs and values, particularly those of Protestantism, created a cultural and psychological environment that encouraged the pursuit of economic success and the accumulation of wealth. Protestantism, with its emphasis on hard work, discipline, and frugality, provided a moral justification for individuals to engage in economic activities and strive for financial success. Therefore, according to Weber, religion was the key factor in the development of capitalism.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and objects passed from one generation to the next make up a groups______
- A.
Identity
- B.
Ethnocentrism
- C.
Culture
- D.
Material Culture
Correct Answer
C. CultureExplanation
Culture refers to the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and objects that are passed down from one generation to another within a group. It encompasses the shared knowledge, customs, practices, and artifacts that define a particular society or community. Culture plays a crucial role in shaping the identity of individuals and groups, as it provides a framework for understanding and interpreting the world around us.Rate this question:
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- 5.
To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called______
- A.
Ethnocentrism
- B.
Culture relativism
- C.
Folk Lore
- D.
Culture Education
Correct Answer
B. Culture relativismExplanation
Culture relativism is the belief that a culture should be understood and evaluated based on its own values, beliefs, and practices, rather than comparing it to one's own culture. It involves suspending judgment and attempting to see the world from the perspective of the culture being studied. This approach recognizes the diversity and complexity of cultures and emphasizes the importance of cultural context in understanding and appreciating different societies.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Who is recognized as being an early contributor to the study of race relations?
- A.
James Adams
- B.
Sigmund Freud
- C.
W.E.B. Dubois
- D.
Karl Marx
Correct Answer
C. W.E.B. DuboisExplanation
W.E.B. Dubois is recognized as being an early contributor to the study of race relations. He was a sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and writer who focused on the issues of racial inequality and discrimination. Dubois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and his work, such as "The Souls of Black Folk," played a significant role in shaping the discourse on race relations in the United States.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A Term for rules of behavior is____
- A.
Culture
- B.
Norms
- C.
More Holidays
- D.
Sanctions
Correct Answer
B. NormsExplanation
Norms are a term for rules of behavior that are widely accepted and followed within a particular society or group. They serve as guidelines for appropriate conduct and help to maintain social order and cohesion. Norms can vary across different cultures and can encompass a wide range of behaviors, from etiquette and manners to more specific societal expectations. They are an important aspect of socialization and play a crucial role in shaping individual behavior and interactions within a community.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Every December many Jewish families in the United States celebrate Hanukkah, the festival of lights. During this event, special foods are served, rituals are practiced and traditional activities take place that are unique to this faith. In this context, members of the Jewish faith represent which concept:
- A.
Super culture
- B.
Sub Culture
- C.
Mini culture
- D.
Mon culture
Correct Answer
B. Sub CultureExplanation
The Jewish families celebrating Hanukkah represent the concept of subculture. Subculture refers to a smaller group within a larger culture that shares distinct beliefs, customs, and practices. In this case, the Jewish faith has its own unique traditions and activities associated with Hanukkah, which sets them apart from the larger American culture.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Sociologist call the values held by most of the groups in a society____________
- A.
Core values
- B.
Taboos
- C.
Habitual values
- D.
Universal values
Correct Answer
A. Core valuesExplanation
Sociologists refer to the values that are commonly shared and upheld by the majority of groups in a society as "core values." These values are considered fundamental and essential to the functioning of the society as a whole. They serve as guiding principles and norms that shape the behavior and beliefs of individuals within the society. Core values often reflect the cultural, moral, and social ideals that are important to a particular group or society.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What concept do sociologist refer to when they say that society makes us human?
- A.
Socialization
- B.
Psycho Analysis
- C.
Political Economy
- D.
Psychology
Correct Answer
A. SocializationExplanation
Sociologists refer to socialization when they say that society makes us human. Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors of their society. It is through socialization that individuals acquire language, social skills, and cultural knowledge, which are essential for their development as human beings. Socialization shapes our identities, beliefs, and behaviors, allowing us to participate and function within society. It is a crucial concept in sociology as it highlights the role of society in shaping human nature and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 11.
When is the development of self-concept finished?
- A.
Childhood
- B.
Adolescence
- C.
Middle Adulthood
- D.
Never
Correct Answer
D. NeverExplanation
The development of self-concept is never finished because it is an ongoing process that continues throughout a person's life. Self-concept refers to how individuals perceive and understand themselves, including their beliefs, values, abilities, and identity. As individuals grow and experience new things, their self-concept can change and evolve. Factors such as personal experiences, relationships, cultural influences, and life events can all contribute to the continuous development of self-concept. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the development of self-concept is finished at any specific stage of life.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Individuals and groups that influence how we think, feel, and act in life are called______
- A.
The Ego
- B.
Nature
- C.
Agents of socialization
- D.
Looking glass crowd
Correct Answer
C. Agents of socializationExplanation
Agents of socialization refers to the individuals and groups that have a significant impact on shaping our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. These agents can include family, friends, teachers, media, and other social institutions. They play a crucial role in socializing individuals into their respective societies, teaching them the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture. By interacting with these agents, individuals learn how to navigate and adapt to their social environment, ultimately influencing their development and shaping their identities.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Sociologists use ______ to analyze the broad future of society
- A.
International Sociology
- B.
Micro Sociology
- C.
Class theory
- D.
Macro Sociology
Correct Answer
D. Macro SociologyExplanation
Macro sociology is the correct answer because it refers to the study of large-scale social systems and structures, such as institutions, organizations, and social classes. Sociologists use macro sociology to analyze the broad future of society by examining the patterns and trends that shape society as a whole. This approach allows them to understand how social structures and systems impact individuals and groups, and how they may change or evolve over time.Rate this question:
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- 14.
An______ status is given to you, you do not earn it.
- A.
Achieved
- B.
Ascribed
- C.
Earned
- D.
Mutual
Correct Answer
B. AscribedExplanation
The word "ascribed" means that a status is assigned or attributed to an individual without them having to do anything to earn it. In contrast, the other options - achieved, earned, and mutual - suggest that the status is obtained through personal effort, accomplishment, or mutual agreement. Therefore, "ascribed" is the correct answer as it best fits the description of a status given without any personal earning or achievement involved.Rate this question:
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- 15.
____ refers to the typical ways society meets its essential needs.
- A.
Religion
- B.
Social institutions (Social institutions include school, family, friends, church, religion)
- C.
Status
- D.
Social Class
Correct Answer
B. Social institutions (Social institutions include school, family, friends, church, religion)Explanation
Social institutions refer to the typical ways society meets its essential needs. These institutions include school, family, friends, church, and religion. They are the structures and mechanisms that ensure the functioning and stability of society. These institutions provide individuals with education, support, socialization, and guidance, helping them meet their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. By offering a range of services and functions, social institutions contribute to the overall well-being and functioning of society.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In the absence of_____ the same person will catch a fish, drive to the market, & sell it.
- A.
Common sense
- B.
Division of labor
- C.
Basic Capitalism
- D.
Mechanical Solidarity
Correct Answer
B. Division of laborExplanation
Division of labor refers to the specialization of tasks and the allocation of different tasks to different individuals or groups. In the absence of division of labor, one person would have to perform all the tasks required to catch a fish, drive to the market, and sell it. However, with division of labor, different individuals can specialize in different tasks, increasing efficiency and productivity. This allows for a more streamlined process where each person can focus on their specific role, ultimately leading to a more successful outcome.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Goffman used the term______ to mean that social life is like a drama or stage play.
- A.
Dramaturgy
- B.
Deviance
- C.
Socialism
- D.
StagePlayology
Correct Answer
A. DramaturgyExplanation
Goffman used the term "dramaturgy" to describe the idea that social life can be understood as a theatrical performance, where individuals play different roles and engage in impression management to present themselves in a certain way to others. This concept suggests that individuals are aware of their audience and actively shape their behavior and self-presentation to fit social expectations, much like actors on a stage. Goffman's dramaturgical approach emphasizes the importance of symbols, gestures, and the construction of social identity in everyday interactions.Rate this question:
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- 18.
_____ is a violation of Norms.
- A.
Negative Sanctions
- B.
Deviance
- C.
Social Control
- D.
Stigma
Correct Answer
B. DevianceExplanation
Deviance refers to behaviors that violate social norms and are considered unacceptable or inappropriate in a given society. It encompasses actions, beliefs, or characteristics that deviate from the established standards of behavior. Deviance can range from minor infractions to more serious offenses, and it is often subject to negative sanctions, which are penalties or punishments imposed by society to discourage such behavior. Social control is the mechanism through which society enforces norms, while stigma refers to the negative social labels or stereotypes associated with deviant individuals or groups. Therefore, deviance is the correct answer as it directly relates to the violation of norms.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The concept of relative deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements
- A.
It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that make it a deviance.
- B.
The nature of one behavior is the most important aspect that determines deviance
- C.
Deviance is the most relative function because it creates a dysfunction of society
- D.
It is the act itself because others' reactions are not relevant
Correct Answer
A. It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that make it a deviance.Explanation
The concept of relative deviance is best illustrated by the statement "It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that make it a deviance." This statement suggests that deviance is not solely determined by the nature of the behavior, but rather by how others perceive and react to it. In other words, an act can be considered deviant if it goes against the norms and values of a particular society or group, and if others view it as such. This highlights the social and subjective nature of deviance, as it varies across different cultures and contexts.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The____ as a whole consists of several components such as police department, officers, court system, & jails/prisons.
- A.
Social services system
- B.
Criminal justice system
- C.
Half-way house system
- D.
Poor house
Correct Answer
B. Criminal justice systemExplanation
The correct answer is the Criminal justice system. The Criminal justice system encompasses various components such as the police department, officers, court system, and jails/prisons. It is responsible for maintaining law and order, investigating and prosecuting crimes, and administering punishment to offenders.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which statement about poverty is true?
- A.
Poverty is rare
- B.
Most people are poor simply do not wish to get a job
- C.
More children than adults live in poverty
- D.
There is more poverty in the city than in the country
Correct Answer
C. More children than adults live in povertyExplanation
More children than adults live in poverty. This statement is true because children are more vulnerable to poverty due to factors such as lack of access to education, healthcare, and basic needs. They rely on their parents or guardians for support, and if the adults in their lives are living in poverty, it increases the likelihood of children also experiencing poverty. Additionally, children do not have the means to earn a living and are dependent on others for their well-being. Therefore, it is accurate to say that more children than adults live in poverty.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The trend in the United states in which poor families are headed by women is called______
- A.
The feminization of poverty
- B.
The male supremacy
- C.
The economic generalization
- D.
The culture of poverty
Correct Answer
A. The feminization of povertyExplanation
The correct answer is "The feminization of poverty." This term refers to the increasing trend in the United States where a larger proportion of poor families are headed by women. It highlights the gender disparities and economic inequalities that women face, resulting in a higher likelihood of them living in poverty compared to men. This phenomenon is influenced by various factors such as gender discrimination, limited access to education and employment opportunities, and the gender pay gap.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The annihilation or attempted annihilation of people because of their presumed race or ethnicity is known as:
- A.
Genocide
- B.
Racial superiority
- C.
Racial purification
- D.
Ethnic Work
Correct Answer
A. GenocideExplanation
Genocide refers to the deliberate and systematic extermination or attempted extermination of a particular group of people based on their perceived race or ethnicity. It involves the intentional destruction of a significant part of a population, often accompanied by acts such as mass killings, forced displacement, and other forms of violence. This term is widely recognized and used to describe the most extreme form of violence and discrimination against a specific racial or ethnic group.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Those who see themselves being treated unfairly by the dominant group are in a_____
- A.
Dominant recessive group
- B.
Smaller group
- C.
Minority group
- D.
Majority group
Correct Answer
C. Minority groupExplanation
The correct answer is "minority group" because individuals who perceive themselves as being treated unfairly by the dominant group are typically part of a smaller group that holds less power, influence, or numerical representation compared to the dominant group. This can be based on factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic status.Rate this question:
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- 25.
There are 2 ways that a group can become an ethnic minority group, both involve in one way or another___
- A.
Race
- B.
Ethnic Work
- C.
Climate
- D.
Location
Correct Answer
D. LocationExplanation
Location can play a significant role in determining whether a group becomes an ethnic minority. If a group migrates or settles in an area where they are outnumbered by the dominant group, they may become an ethnic minority. Additionally, if a group is historically indigenous to a particular region but faces colonization or displacement, they can also become an ethnic minority in their own land. In both cases, the location and demographic composition of the area contribute to the group's minority status.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Prejudice describes_____ while discrimination describes_____
- A.
Values, attitude
- B.
Norms, beliefs
- C.
Attitudes, actions
- D.
Values, norms
Correct Answer
C. Attitudes, actionsExplanation
Prejudice refers to preconceived notions or attitudes that individuals hold towards certain groups of people based on stereotypes or biases. Discrimination, on the other hand, involves the actions taken based on those prejudiced attitudes, such as treating certain individuals or groups unfairly or denying them equal opportunities. Therefore, the correct answer is "attitudes, actions."Rate this question:
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- 27.
The ____ uses objective systematic observations to test/study theories
- A.
Naturalistic method
- B.
Common sense
- C.
Scientific method
- D.
Research free method
Correct Answer
C. Scientific methodExplanation
The scientific method is a systematic approach that involves making objective observations and conducting experiments to test and study theories. It relies on gathering empirical evidence and using logical reasoning to draw conclusions. This method is widely accepted in the scientific community as it provides a reliable and rigorous way to investigate and understand the natural world.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Technological breakthroughs enabled people to communicate, trade, and travel much more freely. The resultant erosion of what were once more impermeable national boundaries are known as______
- A.
Conflict theory
- B.
Globalization
- C.
Social understanding
- D.
Focus on micro level
Correct Answer
B. GlobalizationExplanation
The correct answer is globalization. Technological breakthroughs have allowed people to connect and interact with each other across borders, leading to increased communication, trade, and travel. This has resulted in the erosion of national boundaries and the emergence of a more interconnected and globalized world.Rate this question:
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- 29.
____ refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life.
- A.
Conflict socialization
- B.
Pseudo socialization
- C.
Re-socialization
- D.
Situational Awareness
Correct Answer
C. Re-socializationExplanation
Re-socialization refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life. This process involves unlearning previous socialization and adopting new patterns of behavior that are appropriate for the new situation. It often occurs when individuals experience significant life changes, such as entering a new culture, joining a new organization, or transitioning into a different social role. Through re-socialization, individuals are able to adapt and integrate into their new environment by acquiring the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the new situation successfully.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Girish is a husband, son, entrepreneur, and an amateur anthropologist. A sociologist would say these statuses or positions make up Girish's____
- A.
Role
- B.
Social class
- C.
Status Set
- D.
Culture
Correct Answer
C. Status SetExplanation
The correct answer is "Status Set." Girish's various roles and positions as a husband, son, entrepreneur, and amateur anthropologist form his status set. A status set refers to all the different positions an individual occupies in society, which can include roles, occupations, and social relationships. In this case, Girish's status set encompasses his different social roles and identities.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Aletha had an accident in which she fell into hot cooking grease. Despite many operations and treatments, her face, neck, and hands were forever altered. Regardless of her accomplishments or occupation, many others view Aletha's disfigurement as her____
- A.
Ascribed Status
- B.
Master status
- C.
Status Symbol
- D.
Status set
Correct Answer
B. Master statusExplanation
Aletha's disfigurement from the accident has become a defining characteristic of her identity. It is likely that people primarily perceive her based on her altered appearance rather than her accomplishments or occupation. This disfigurement has become her master status, meaning that it overrides other aspects of her identity and becomes the primary way in which she is socially recognized and categorized by others.Rate this question:
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- 32.
For Durkheim, people who perform similar tasks had in common the way they looked at life which he called____
- A.
Mechanical solidarity
- B.
Impromptu solidarity
- C.
Organic solidarity
- D.
Social class
Correct Answer
A. Mechanical solidarityExplanation
Durkheim believed that people who perform similar tasks share a common perspective on life, which he termed "mechanical solidarity." This concept refers to a type of social cohesion that arises in traditional societies where individuals have a strong collective consciousness and a shared set of values and beliefs. In such societies, people are bound together by their similarities and interdependence, rather than by individual differences or specialization. Mechanical solidarity is characterized by a sense of unity and a collective conscience that guides individuals' behavior and outlook on life.Rate this question:
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- 33.
C. Wright Mills identified the major decision makers at the highest level of corporations, politics, and the armed forces in the United States as____
- A.
Power elite
- B.
Sophisticated citizens
- C.
Supreme beings
- D.
The New World Order Power Structure
Correct Answer
A. Power eliteExplanation
C. Wright Mills identified the major decision makers at the highest level of corporations, politics, and the armed forces in the United States as "Power elite." This term refers to a small group of individuals who hold significant power and influence in society. These individuals often come from privileged backgrounds and have connections and resources that allow them to shape important decisions and policies. Mills argued that this power elite operates behind the scenes and is not accountable to the general public, leading to a concentration of power and inequality in society.Rate this question:
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- 34.
In a patriarchy, who has the authority?
- A.
Democratically elected leaders
- B.
Women
- C.
Men
- D.
Everyone
Correct Answer
C. MenExplanation
In a patriarchy, men have the authority. Patriarchy refers to a social system where power and authority are predominantly held by men, and they dominate in roles of leadership and decision-making. This system often marginalizes women and restricts their access to positions of power. Therefore, men hold the authority in a patriarchy.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A system of producing & distributing goods & services is known as_____
- A.
Subsidence economy
- B.
Economy
- C.
Market economy
- D.
Hunting & gathering society
Correct Answer
B. EconomyExplanation
The correct answer is "Economy" because it refers to a system of producing and distributing goods and services. An economy encompasses the activities and interactions between producers, consumers, and the resources involved in the production process. It includes various economic systems such as subsistence economy, market economy, and others.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The United States follows____ where the means of production are privately owned and profits are pursued, but the welfare of the population is protected by a system of laws.
- A.
Socialism
- B.
Capitalism
- C.
Laissez-faire
- D.
Communism
Correct Answer
B. CapitalismExplanation
The United States follows capitalism, a system where the means of production are privately owned and profits are pursued. However, the welfare of the population is protected by a system of laws. This means that while individuals and businesses have the freedom to own and operate their own businesses and pursue profits, there are regulations and laws in place to ensure that the well-being and rights of the population are not compromised.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Democracies literally means______
- A.
All hail the king
- B.
May the best man win
- C.
Common denominator
- D.
Power to the people
Correct Answer
D. Power to the peopleExplanation
The phrase "Power to the people" is often associated with democracies. It signifies the idea that ultimate authority and decision-making should rest with the citizens of a nation. In a democratic system, the people have the power to elect their representatives, participate in decision-making processes, and hold their government accountable. This phrase reflects the core principle of democracy, which emphasizes the empowerment and involvement of the people in shaping their own governance.Rate this question:
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- 38.
____ holds that men & women should be equal on all social, economic, & political levels in society
- A.
Sexism
- B.
Gender Tracking
- C.
Feminism
- D.
Suffragetteism
Correct Answer
C. FeminismExplanation
Feminism is the correct answer because it is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities in all aspects of society, including social, economic, and political realms. It advocates for the dismantling of gender-based discrimination and the promotion of gender equality.Rate this question:
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- 39.
____ is the study of society in human behavior
- A.
Positivism
- B.
Science
- C.
Psychology
- D.
Sociology
Correct Answer
D. SociologyExplanation
Sociology is the study of society and human behavior. It focuses on understanding social interactions, social institutions, and social structures. It examines how individuals and groups interact within society, and how society influences individuals and groups. Sociology uses scientific methods to gather and analyze data, making it a social science. Positivism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the use of scientific methods, but it is not specifically focused on the study of society. Science is a broad term that encompasses various disciplines, including sociology, but it is not specific to the study of society. Psychology is the study of the human mind and behavior, but it is more focused on individual behavior rather than society as a whole.Rate this question:
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- 40.
In ___ symbols are the key to understanding how we look at the world & communicate with each other
- A.
Functional Analysis
- B.
Symbolic interactionism
- C.
Conflict theory
- D.
Order theory
Correct Answer
B. Symbolic interactionismExplanation
Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the role of symbols in shaping our understanding of the world and our interactions with others. It suggests that individuals create meaning through their interactions with symbols, such as language, gestures, and signs. These symbols help us interpret and communicate our thoughts, feelings, and intentions. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals construct their social reality through shared meanings and interpretations, highlighting the importance of symbols in understanding human behavior and social relationships.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which of the following is a research method?
- A.
Ensuring fidelity
- B.
Operationalizing the definition
- C.
Defining an answer
- D.
Using participant Observation
Correct Answer
D. Using participant ObservationExplanation
Using participant observation is a research method where the researcher actively engages in the social setting being studied, observing and sometimes participating in the activities of the participants. This method allows for a deep understanding of the social context and the behaviors of the individuals involved. It is commonly used in qualitative research to gather rich and detailed data.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What is the sociological significance of social structure?
- A.
It has a major affect on how we act
- B.
Understanding it helps to prove randomness of human behavior
- C.
Its a synonym for the term sociology
- D.
Our behavior guides it
Correct Answer
A. It has a major affect on how we actExplanation
The sociological significance of social structure lies in its major influence on how individuals behave. Social structure refers to the patterns of relationships, roles, and institutions that shape social interactions. These structures provide a framework within which individuals navigate and make decisions. They determine the norms, values, and expectations that guide human behavior. By understanding social structure, sociologists can analyze and explain the patterns and regularities in human behavior, debunking the notion of randomness. Therefore, the correct answer states that social structure has a significant impact on how we act.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Our reality is real because of the background assumptions and life experiences, thus our subjective interpretation defines our reality. Sociologist refer to this as____
- A.
Social construction of reality
- B.
Socialization
- C.
Reality theory
- D.
Subjective realization theory
Correct Answer
A. Social construction of realityExplanation
The correct answer is social construction of reality. This term refers to the idea that our reality is shaped by the social and cultural factors around us. It suggests that our understanding of the world is not objective, but rather constructed through our interactions with others and the meanings we attach to those interactions. This concept is often used in sociology to explain how societal norms, beliefs, and values influence our perception of reality.Rate this question:
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- 44.
All of the following theories fit within a theoretical framework on deviance EXCEPT:
- A.
Control theory
- B.
Labeling theory
- C.
Rationalization theory
- D.
Differential Association
Correct Answer
C. Rationalization theoryExplanation
The correct answer is Rationalization theory. This theory does not fit within a theoretical framework on deviance because it focuses on explaining how individuals justify their actions and behaviors, rather than explaining the causes or reasons for deviant behavior. Control theory, labeling theory, and differential association, on the other hand, all provide explanations for deviant behavior by examining factors such as social control, societal reactions, and the influence of peers and social groups.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Learning what is expected of us whether we are male or female is known as _____
- A.
Socialization out of gender
- B.
Gender socialization
- C.
Preconventional stage
- D.
Culture improposition
Correct Answer
B. Gender socializationExplanation
Gender socialization refers to the process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and expectations associated with their gender. It involves the transmission of cultural and societal beliefs about how males and females should behave, think, and interact. This process begins at a young age and occurs through various socializing agents such as family, education, media, and peers. Gender socialization plays a significant role in shaping individuals' identities, behaviors, and roles within society.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Who is credited as being the founder of sociology
- A.
Auguste Comte
- B.
W.E.B. Dubois
- C.
Emile Durkheim
- D.
Karl Marx
Correct Answer
A. Auguste ComteExplanation
Auguste Comte is credited as being the founder of sociology because he coined the term "sociology" and is considered the father of the discipline. Comte believed that sociology should be a scientific study of society, separate from other social sciences, and he developed a systematic approach to understanding social phenomena. His work laid the foundation for the development of sociology as a distinct field of study and influenced many other sociologists who came after him.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Professional handling of confidential sociological field notes entails __________.
- A.
Publishing them online, so that anyone can read them
- B.
Publishing them only in professional journals
- C.
Destroying the notes once the researcher has had time to draw conclusions from them
- D.
Protecting respondents
Correct Answer
D. Protecting respondentsExplanation
Professional handling of confidential sociological field notes entails protecting respondents. This is important in order to maintain the privacy and confidentiality of the individuals who participated in the research. Protecting respondents involves ensuring that their identities and personal information are kept confidential and not disclosed without their consent. This helps to build trust between researchers and participants and encourages more honest and open responses in future research studies.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Sharon had spent months carrying out her sociological experiments. She had collected a ton of data. What was Sharon's next step?
- A.
Share the results
- B.
Generate more hypotheses
- C.
Select another topic
- D.
Analyze the results
Correct Answer
D. Analyze the resultsExplanation
After spending months conducting sociological experiments and collecting a large amount of data, Sharon's next logical step would be to analyze the results. This would involve examining the data she has gathered, looking for patterns or trends, and drawing conclusions based on the findings. By analyzing the results, Sharon would be able to gain a deeper understanding of her experiments and draw meaningful conclusions from the data she has collected.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Survey questions that provide options (usually prepopulated options) for answers are called __________.
- A.
Open Ended Questions
- B.
Unstructured
- C.
Unfair
- D.
Closed Ended Questions
Correct Answer
D. Closed Ended QuestionsExplanation
Closed ended questions are survey questions that provide prepopulated options for answers. Unlike open-ended questions, which allow respondents to provide their own answers, closed-ended questions limit respondents to selecting from a set of predetermined options. This type of question is often used to gather quantitative data and is useful for statistical analysis and comparisons.Rate this question:
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- 50.
_____ said "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world....It is the opium of the people"
- A.
Max Weber
- B.
Emile Durkheim
- C.
Auguste Comte
- D.
Karl Marx
Correct Answer
D. Karl MarxExplanation
Karl Marx is the correct answer because he is known for his critique of religion and his famous quote, "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world....It is the opium of the people." Marx believed that religion was a tool used by the ruling class to pacify and control the working class, diverting their attention away from their exploitation and suffering. He saw religion as a form of false consciousness that perpetuated inequality and hindered social change.Rate this question:
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Mar 16, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 26, 2020Quiz Created by
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