Social Studies Chapter 8
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Write a color coded paragraph based on the follwing information. Make sure your paragraph is detailed. Explain the three ancient chinese philosophies Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism.
- 2.
An Oracle bone was
- A.
The home of an ancestor sacred to ancient Chinese families
- B.
An animal bone or turtle shell on which royal priests wrote questions to the gods.
- C.
A bone of the great Chinese thinker Confucius worshipped by followers today.
- D.
A decoration worn by Shang emperors as a sign of the Mandate of Heaven.
Correct Answer
B. An animal bone or turtle shell on which royal priests wrote questions to the gods.Explanation
The correct answer is "An animal bone or turtle shell on which royal priests wrote questions to the gods." This is because oracle bones were used by royal priests in ancient China to communicate with the gods. The priests would write questions on the bones or shells and then heat them until they cracked. The cracks were interpreted by the priests as answers from the gods, providing guidance and insight into future events. This practice was an important part of divination and religious rituals in ancient Chinese society.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Legalism, Confucianism, and Daoism are examples of ___________ popular at various times in Chinese history.
- A.
Dynasties
- B.
Heavenly mandates
- C.
Philosophies
- D.
Religious practices
Correct Answer
C. PhilosophiesExplanation
Legalism, Confucianism, and Daoism are examples of philosophies that were popular at various times in Chinese history. These belief systems offered different perspectives on ethics, governance, and the nature of the universe. Legalism emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments, Confucianism emphasized social harmony and moral values, and Daoism emphasized living in harmony with the natural flow of the universe. These philosophies had a significant influence on Chinese culture and politics throughout history.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The ruler Shi Huangdi founded the ___________ dynasty.
- A.
Han
- B.
Kong
- C.
Qin
- D.
Zhou
Correct Answer
C. QinExplanation
Shi Huangdi, the ruler mentioned in the question, is known for founding the Qin dynasty. This dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 221 BC to 206 BC. Shi Huangdi is also famous for his construction of the Great Wall of China and his standardization of various aspects of Chinese society, such as the writing system and currency. Therefore, the correct answer is Qin.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A series of trails stretching westward from China became known as the Silk Roads because
- A.
They passed through regions where silk worms lived.
- B.
Silk manufacturing took place in that part of China.
- C.
The first silk from India traveled to China on them.
- D.
They carried silk and other trade goods to and from China.
Correct Answer
D. They carried silk and other trade goods to and from China.Explanation
The correct answer is that the series of trails known as the Silk Roads carried silk and other trade goods to and from China. This answer is supported by historical evidence that the Silk Roads were ancient trade routes that connected China with various regions in Asia, Europe, and Africa. These routes facilitated the exchange of goods, including silk, spices, precious metals, and other luxury items, between different civilizations and cultures. Silk was one of the most valuable commodities traded along these routes, hence the name "Silk Roads".Rate this question:
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- 6.
The system of writing with pictographs
- A.
Was developed by the Chinese soon after they invented paper.
- B.
Existed in China long before farming developed.
- C.
Is illustrated by primitive drawings in Chinese caves.
- D.
Used simple drawings or characters to represent words and ideas.
Correct Answer
D. Used simple drawings or characters to represent words and ideas.Explanation
The correct answer is that the system of writing with pictographs used simple drawings or characters to represent words and ideas. This means that instead of using complex symbols or letters, the Chinese used simple drawings that could easily convey meaning. This system was used before the invention of paper and even before farming developed in China. Primitive drawings in Chinese caves serve as evidence of this early form of writing.Rate this question:
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- 7.
According to ___________, people need harsh punishments to make them afraid to do wrong.
- A.
Buddhism
- B.
Daoism
- C.
Jainism
- D.
Legalism
Correct Answer
D. LegalismExplanation
Legalism is a philosophical and political belief system that emerged in ancient China. It emphasizes strict adherence to laws, regulations, and harsh punishments in order to maintain social order and control. According to Legalism, people need harsh punishments to instill fear and deter them from committing wrongdoings. This approach is based on the belief that human nature is inherently selfish and that only strict laws and severe punishments can prevent chaos and maintain social stability.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The Chinese ruler _________ built a large wall along China's northern border to keep out invaders.
- A.
Kongfuzi
- B.
Liu Bang
- C.
Shi Huangdi
- D.
Wudi
Correct Answer
C. Shi HuangdiExplanation
Shi Huangdi is the correct answer because he was the Chinese ruler who built the Great Wall of China to protect the country from invaders. He was the first emperor of the Qin dynasty and is known for his centralization of power and construction projects, including the Great Wall. Kongfuzi, also known as Confucius, was a philosopher and not a ruler. Liu Bang and Wudi were both rulers of the Han dynasty and did not build the Great Wall.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The Silk Roads connected China and
- A.
Africa
- B.
Europe
- C.
Japan
- D.
Korea
Correct Answer
B. EuropeExplanation
The Silk Roads were an ancient network of trade routes that connected China with various regions, including Europe. These routes facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between the East and the West. Europe, being one of the major destinations along the Silk Roads, played a crucial role in the trade and cultural interactions that took place during that time. Therefore, Europe is the correct answer as it was indeed connected to China through the Silk Roads.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Historians use the term dynastic cycle to describe the
- A.
Pattern of the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties.
- B.
Order in which an emperor's relatives had claim to the throne.
- C.
Process by which emperors chose those who followed them.
- D.
Steps emperors took to make sure their dynasty continued.
Correct Answer
A. Pattern of the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties.Explanation
The term dynastic cycle is used by historians to describe the pattern of the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties. This means that throughout history, Chinese dynasties have followed a cycle of ascending to power, enjoying a period of prosperity, and then eventually declining and being overthrown by a new dynasty. This pattern is important in understanding the political and social dynamics of ancient China and how power was transferred from one ruling family to another.Rate this question:
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- 11.
________ or treating parents with respect, is one of the most important teachings of Confucianism.
- A.
The Mandate of Heaven
- B.
Filial piety
- C.
The Mandate of the Gods
- D.
Ancestor worship
Correct Answer
B. Filial pietyExplanation
Filial piety, or treating parents with respect, is one of the most important teachings of Confucianism. Confucianism emphasizes the importance of maintaining harmonious relationships within the family and society, and filial piety is seen as the foundation of these relationships. It involves showing respect, obedience, and care towards one's parents and ancestors. This concept is deeply ingrained in Confucian philosophy and has a significant influence on social norms and values in East Asian cultures. The other options, such as the Mandate of Heaven, the Mandate of the Gods, and ancestor worship, are not specifically related to the importance of treating parents with respect.Rate this question:
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- 12.
China was ruled by __________ for over 400 years, from 202 B.C. to A.D. 220.
- A.
Confucianism
- B.
The Han dynasty
- C.
Legalism
- D.
The Qin dynasty
Correct Answer
B. The Han dynastyExplanation
The Han dynasty ruled China for over 400 years, from 202 B.C. to A.D. 220. This period is considered one of the most influential and prosperous in Chinese history. The Han dynasty is known for its advancements in governance, economy, and culture, as well as its adoption of Confucianism as the official state ideology. The Qin dynasty, on the other hand, preceded the Han dynasty and only lasted from 221 to 206 B.C., making it a shorter ruling period compared to the Han dynasty. Therefore, the correct answer is the Han dynasty.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The best example of cultural diffusion is
- A.
The spread of Buddhism into China.
- B.
The sailing of a Chinese ship to Japan.
- C.
The movement of a Chinese family from a farm to the city.
- D.
The sale of silk from one merchant to another in China.
Correct Answer
A. The spread of Buddhism into China.Explanation
The spread of Buddhism into China is the best example of cultural diffusion because it involves the transmission of a religious belief system from one culture (India) to another (China). This diffusion of Buddhism occurred through trade routes and interactions between Indian and Chinese merchants, leading to the adoption and integration of Buddhist teachings into Chinese society. This process demonstrates how cultural elements, such as religious beliefs, can be exchanged and assimilated into different cultures, resulting in the diffusion and transformation of cultural practices and traditions.Rate this question:
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- 14.
When a Chinese emperor held the Mandate of Heaven, it meant
- A.
He could do not wrong in the eyes of the people.
- B.
He was a god whose commands must be obeyed.
- C.
He had the gods' support and approval to rule.
- D.
He was also the head of China's official church.
Correct Answer
C. He had the gods' support and approval to rule.Explanation
When a Chinese emperor held the Mandate of Heaven, it meant that he had the gods' support and approval to rule. This concept was deeply rooted in ancient Chinese political and religious beliefs. It was believed that the emperor's authority and legitimacy came from the heavens, and as long as he ruled with wisdom and benevolence, he would continue to have the gods' support. However, if the emperor became corrupt or failed to govern effectively, it was believed that the gods would withdraw their support, leading to the overthrow of the emperor and the rise of a new dynasty.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Laozi, who is credited with founding _________, may never have existed.
- A.
Daoism
- B.
Hinduism
- C.
Jainism
- D.
Legalism
Correct Answer
A. DaoismExplanation
Laozi is traditionally credited with founding Daoism, but there is uncertainty surrounding his existence. Some scholars argue that Laozi may have been a mythical figure or a composite of multiple individuals. This uncertainty is due to the lack of historical evidence and the mythical elements surrounding Laozi's life. Therefore, it is possible that Laozi, the founder of Daoism, may never have actually existed.Rate this question:
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- 16.
____ is a way of governing in which officials chosen by the ruler run offices.
- A.
Bureaucracy
- B.
Democracy
- C.
Dynasty
- D.
Legalism
Correct Answer
A. BureaucracyExplanation
Bureaucracy is a system of governing where officials appointed by the ruler manage the administration and operations of various offices and departments. This allows for a hierarchical structure with clear roles and responsibilities, ensuring efficient decision-making and implementation of policies. This form of governance is often associated with large-scale organizations and governments, as it helps in maintaining order, coordination, and accountability.Rate this question:
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- 17.
All of the following are examples of cultural diffusion of Chinese ideas and customs except
- A.
The use of paper.
- B.
The wearing of silk clothing.
- C.
The beginnings of farming.
- D.
The invention of the wheelbarrow.
Correct Answer
C. The beginnings of farming.Explanation
The correct answer is "The beginnings of farming." This is because the beginnings of farming is not an example of cultural diffusion of Chinese ideas and customs. Cultural diffusion refers to the spread of cultural beliefs, practices, and artifacts from one society to another, and in this context, it specifically refers to Chinese ideas and customs. While the use of paper, the wearing of silk clothing, and the invention of the wheelbarrow are all examples of Chinese ideas and customs that have diffused to other cultures, the beginnings of farming are not specific to Chinese culture and can be found in various other societies around the world.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The Chinese people believed that a dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven if
- A.
An emperor died at a young age.
- B.
An emperor mistreated his people.
- C.
A ruler behaved foolishly or badly.
- D.
A flood or earthquake occurred.
Correct Answer
C. A ruler behaved foolishly or badly.Explanation
The Chinese people believed that a dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven if a ruler behaved foolishly or badly. This belief was rooted in the concept that the emperor was chosen by the heavens to rule based on his virtue and ability to govern wisely. If a ruler behaved in a manner that went against these principles, it was seen as a sign that he had lost the divine approval and the right to rule. This belief system provided a justification for the overthrow of dynasties and the rise of new ones, as it was believed that a new ruler who behaved virtuously would be chosen by the heavens.Rate this question:
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- 19.
________ called on its followers to respect authority, practice good conduct, and be a benefit to society.
- A.
Buddhism
- B.
Confucianism
- C.
Hinduism
- D.
Legalism
Correct Answer
B. ConfucianismExplanation
Confucianism is the correct answer because it emphasizes the importance of respecting authority, practicing good conduct, and contributing positively to society. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, believed in the idea of filial piety and the five basic relationships, which included the relationship between ruler and subject. He stressed the importance of individuals fulfilling their roles and responsibilities within society, promoting harmony and stability. Confucianism's teachings have had a significant influence on East Asian cultures, particularly in China, where it has shaped social and political values for centuries.Rate this question:
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- 20.
_________, who came from the state of Qin, ended the fighting among the warring states and united China under one rule.
- A.
Empress LU
- B.
Kongfuzi
- C.
Liu Bang
- D.
Shi Huangdi
Correct Answer
C. Liu BangExplanation
Liu Bang, who came from the state of Qin, ended the fighting among the warring states and united China under one rule. This suggests that Liu Bang was a significant figure in Chinese history who played a crucial role in bringing unity and peace to the region. His leadership and ability to establish a strong central government allowed him to successfully unite China and bring an end to the period of conflict and division among the warring states.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The silk Roads are called trans-Eurasian because
- A.
They carried large amounts of trade.
- B.
They stretched across Europe and Asia.
- C.
They connected China and Mesopotamia
- D.
They were used by Europeans and Asians.
Correct Answer
B. They stretched across Europe and Asia.Explanation
The silk Roads are called trans-Eurasian because they stretched across Europe and Asia. This means that the trade routes covered a vast geographical area, connecting different regions and civilizations. The term "trans-Eurasian" emphasizes the extent of these routes, highlighting their significance in facilitating trade and cultural exchange between Europe and Asia.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The followers of _____________ were not concerned with good and bad, and did not try to change things or get involved in government.
- A.
Confucianism
- B.
Daoism
- C.
Kongfuzi
- D.
Legalism
Correct Answer
B. DaoismExplanation
Daoism is the correct answer because its followers were not concerned with good and bad, and did not try to change things or get involved in government. Daoism emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao, or the natural way of the universe, and encourages individuals to embrace simplicity, spontaneity, and non-action. Daoists believe that by aligning oneself with the flow of nature, one can achieve inner peace and harmony. This philosophy contrasts with Confucianism, which emphasizes moral behavior and active participation in society, and Legalism, which promotes strict laws and regulations to maintain order.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Wudi, who was known as the "Martial Emperor" because of his military conquests, was part of the ___________
- A.
Han dynasty
- B.
Shang dynasty
- C.
Qin dynasty
- D.
Zhou dynasty
Correct Answer
A. Han dynastyExplanation
Wudi, also known as the "Martial Emperor," was a part of the Han dynasty. This is evident from the fact that he is referred to as the "Martial Emperor," which indicates his military achievements and leadership during the Han dynasty. The other options, Shang dynasty, Qin dynasty, and Zhou dynasty, are not relevant in this context as they do not align with Wudi's historical period and title.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Confucianism spread from China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam because of
- A.
Conquest.
- B.
Cultural diffusion.
- C.
The Han dynasty.
- D.
Emperor Shi Huangdi
Correct Answer
B. Cultural diffusion.Explanation
Confucianism spread from China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam because of cultural diffusion. Cultural diffusion refers to the spread of cultural beliefs, practices, and ideas from one society to another through contact and interaction. Confucianism, as a philosophical and ethical system, gained popularity and acceptance in these neighboring countries due to the influence of Chinese culture and the exchange of ideas and knowledge. This process of cultural diffusion allowed Confucianism to transcend national boundaries and become a significant influence in East Asia.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Proper conduct within one's family and in society was an important teaching of ______________
- A.
Confucianism
- B.
Daoism
- C.
Legalism
- D.
Pragmatism
Correct Answer
A. ConfucianismExplanation
Confucianism emphasizes the importance of proper conduct within one's family and in society. Confucius believed that individuals should strive to be virtuous and cultivate moral character in order to create a harmonious society. This teaching promotes respect for elders, filial piety, and the fulfillment of social roles and responsibilities. By following these principles, individuals contribute to the well-being of their families and society as a whole.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Early China was prosperous under _____________
- A.
Daoism
- B.
The Han dynasty
- C.
Master King
- D.
The Qin dynasty
Correct Answer
B. The Han dynastyExplanation
The correct answer is the Han dynasty. The Han dynasty was a period of prosperity and stability in early China. It lasted for over 400 years and is considered a golden age in Chinese history. The Han dynasty implemented various reforms, such as the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy and the promotion of Confucianism, which contributed to the economic and cultural development of the empire. This period saw advancements in agriculture, trade, and technology, leading to a flourishing economy and a rich cultural heritage.Rate this question:
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