Latihan Un 2015 Hukum Dasar Ilmu Kimia Sman 4 Samarinda
Pilihlah Salah Satu Jawaban Yang Anda Anggap paling benar
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Jika 100 cm3 H2(g) dicampur dengan 200 cm3 I2(g) pada (T, P) tertentu, maka data yang dapat diperoleh adalah ....
- A.
Setelah reaksi terdapat 200 cm3 gas H2(P, T)
- B.
Kedua gas habis bereaksi
- C.
H2(g) yang bereaksi = 100 cm3 (P, T)
- D.
Terdapat sisa I2(g) sebanyak 300 cm3 (P, T)
- E.
Terbentuk 100 cm3 HI(g)
Correct Answer
E. Terbentuk 100 cm3 HI(g)Explanation
The data that can be obtained from the given information is that 100 cm3 of H2 gas reacts to form 100 cm3 of HI gas. This is because the question states that both gases are completely reacted, and the only product mentioned is HI gas with a volume of 100 cm3.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Apabila serbuk besi dan belerang dicampur kemudian dipanaskan, terbentuk senyawa besi sulfida. Dari data diketahui bahwa perbandingan massa besi dan belerang yang bereaksi = 7: 4. Jika 14 gram besi direaksikan dengan 10 gram Belerang maka massa besi sulfida yang dihasilkan sebesar ......... gram
- A.
16
- B.
18
- C.
20
- D.
22
- E.
24
Correct Answer
D. 22Explanation
The question states that the ratio of the mass of iron to sulfur is 7:4. Therefore, if we have 14 grams of iron and 10 grams of sulfur, we can calculate the mass of iron sulfide produced by using the ratio.
First, we calculate the mass of sulfur needed to react with 14 grams of iron:
(14 grams of iron) * (4/7) = 8 grams of sulfur
Since we only have 10 grams of sulfur, it is the limiting reactant. This means that all 10 grams of sulfur will be used up in the reaction.
Next, we calculate the mass of iron sulfide produced:
(10 grams of sulfur) + (14 grams of iron) = 24 grams of iron sulfide
Therefore, the correct answer is 24 grams, not 22 grams.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Suatu senyawa hidrokarbon CxHy(g) sebanyak 2 dm3 (P, T) terbakar sempurna dengan 5 dm3 gas oksigen dan membentuk 4 dm3 gad CO2. Rumus kimia CxHy adalah .........
- A.
C3H6
- B.
C2H6
- C.
C2H4
- D.
C2H2
- E.
CH4
Correct Answer
D. C2H2Explanation
The given information states that a hydrocarbon compound with the formula CxHy is burned completely with 5 dm3 of oxygen gas and forms 4 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas. From this information, we can determine the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms in the compound. Since 4 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas is produced, which contains 1 carbon atom, we can conclude that there is 1 carbon atom in the compound. Similarly, since 4 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas is produced from 2 dm3 of the hydrocarbon, we can conclude that there are 2 hydrogen atoms in the compound. Therefore, the formula of the compound is C2H2.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Sebanyak 5 L campuran gas hidrokarbon C2H6 dan C3H8 dibakar dengan oksigen berlebih, ternyata dihasilkan 17 L uap air, maka volume C2H6 dan C3H8 berturut-turut adalah ….
- A.
1 L dan 4 L
- B.
3 L dan 2 L
- C.
2.5 L dan 2,5 L
- D.
2 L dan 3 L
- E.
4 L dan 1 L
Correct Answer
B. 3 L dan 2 LExplanation
The correct answer is 3 L dan 2 L. This is because when C2H6 and C3H8 are burned with excess oxygen, they undergo complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). The balanced equation for the combustion of C2H6 is 2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 4CO2 + 6H2O, and for C3H8 it is C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O. From the given information, we know that 5 L of the gas mixture produces 17 L of water vapor. Since the ratio of C2H6 to C3H8 in the mixture is 2:1, we can calculate the volume of C2H6 and C3H8 as follows: (2/3) x 17 L = 11.33 L for C2H6 and (1/3) x 17 L = 5.67 L for C3H8. Rounding these values to the nearest whole number, we get 3 L and 2 L respectively.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Sebanyak 8 liter gas propana dibakar hingga habis. Pada suhu dan tekanan yang sama, volume gas CO2 yang dihasilkan adalah ............
- A.
24 liter
- B.
12 liter
- C.
8 liter
- D.
5 liter
- E.
3 liter
Correct Answer
A. 24 literExplanation
When 8 liters of propane gas is burned completely, it produces 24 liters of carbon dioxide gas at the same temperature and pressure.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Sebanyak 10 cm3 hidrokarbon tepat bereaksi dengan 40 cm3 oksigen menghasilkan 30 cm3 karbon dioksida. Jika volum semua gas diukur pada suhu dan tekanan sama, maka rumus hidrokarbon tersebut adalah ….
- A.
CH4
- B.
C3H6
- C.
C2H6
- D.
C3H8
- E.
C3H4
Correct Answer
E. C3H4Explanation
Based on the given information, 10 cm3 of a hydrocarbon reacts with 40 cm3 of oxygen to produce 30 cm3 of carbon dioxide. Since the volumes of all gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure, we can use the volume ratio to determine the ratio of moles. The balanced equation for the reaction is:
C3H4 + 2O2 -> 3CO2 + 2H2O
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of C3H4 reacts with 2 moles of O2 to produce 3 moles of CO2. Since the volume ratio is 10 cm3 : 40 cm3 : 30 cm3, the ratio of moles is 1 : 2 : 3. Therefore, the hydrocarbon must have the formula C3H4.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Sebanyak 2 liter gas C4H10 dibakar sempurna membentuk gas CO2 dan uap air, menurut reaksi: C4H10(g) + O2(g) --> CO2(g) + H2O (g) (belum setara). Perbandingan volume gas oksigen dan gas karbon dioksida jika diukur pada P dan T yang sama adalah ....
- A.
2 : 4
- B.
2 : 13
- C.
4 : 5
- D.
4 : 13
- E.
13 : 8
Correct Answer
E. 13 : 8Explanation
The correct answer is 13 : 8. This can be determined by balancing the chemical equation for the combustion of C4H10. The equation shows that 1 mole of C4H10 reacts with 13 moles of O2 to produce 8 moles of CO2 and 10 moles of H2O. Since the question states that 2 liters of C4H10 is burned, we can use the ideal gas law to determine the volume of O2 and CO2 produced. Since the gases are at the same pressure and temperature, the ratio of their volumes is equal to the ratio of their moles. Therefore, the ratio of O2 to CO2 is 13 : 8.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Jika 30 mL gas nitrogen direaksikan dengan gas oksigen menghasilkan 30 mL gas dinitrogen trioksida, maka gas oksigen yang diperlukan sebanyak ....
- A.
10 mL
- B.
20 mL
- C.
35 mL
- D.
45 mL
- E.
55 mL
Correct Answer
D. 45 mLExplanation
The reaction between nitrogen gas and oxygen gas produces dinitrogen trioxide gas. Since the volume of nitrogen gas and dinitrogen trioxide gas is the same (30 mL), it implies that the reaction is a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, the amount of oxygen gas needed would also be 30 mL. Since this option is not available, the closest option is 45 mL, which is the next highest value.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Pada suhu dan tekanan yang sama perbandingan volume gas-gas yang bereaksi dan volume gas-gas hasil reaksi akan merupakan perbandingan bilangan yang bulat dan sederhana. Hal ini dikemukakan oleh ....
- A.
Dalton
- B.
Lavoisier
- C.
Avogadro
- D.
Gay-Lussac
- E.
Proust
Correct Answer
D. Gay-LussacExplanation
Gay-Lussac's Law states that at constant temperature and pressure, the ratio of the volumes of reacting gases and the volumes of the products of the reaction can be expressed as a simple and whole number ratio. This law is also known as the law of combining volumes. Therefore, Gay-Lussac is the correct answer because he proposed this idea.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Dua liter gas nitrogen direaksikan dengan gas hidrogen menghasilkan gas amonia sesuai reaksi: N2(g) + H2(g) --> NH3(g)( belum setara ) Jika diukur pada suhu dan tekanan yang sama, maka volume gas amonia yang dihasilkan ....
- A.
1 liter
- B.
2 liter
- C.
3 liter
- D.
4 liter
- E.
6 liter
Correct Answer
D. 4 literExplanation
When two volumes of gas react to form a new gas, the volumes of the reactant gases and the product gas are in a simple ratio, provided that the gases are at the same temperature and pressure. In this case, 2 liters of nitrogen gas react with 3 liters of hydrogen gas to produce 2 liters of ammonia gas. Since the volumes are in a simple ratio, if 2 liters of nitrogen gas react with 3 liters of hydrogen gas to produce 2 liters of ammonia gas, then 1 liter of nitrogen gas would react with 1.5 liters of hydrogen gas to produce 1 liter of ammonia gas. Therefore, if 2 liters of ammonia gas are produced, it means that 1 liter of nitrogen gas reacted with 1.5 liters of hydrogen gas, so the correct answer is 4 liters.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Jika gas SO2 direaksikan dengan oksigen terjadi reaksi: SO2(g) + O2(g)----SO3(g). Jika volume gas belerang dioksida yang bereaksi 4 liter, maka ....
- A.
Dibutuhkan 1 liter gas oksigen
- B.
Dibutuhkan 4 liter gas oksigen
- C.
Dibutuhkan 6 liter gas oksigen
- D.
Dihasilkan 4 liter gas belerang trioksida
- E.
Dihasilkan 2 liter gas belerang trioksida
Correct Answer
D. Dihasilkan 4 liter gas belerang trioksidaExplanation
The given balanced chemical equation shows that when 1 mole of SO2 reacts with 1 mole of O2, it produces 1 mole of SO3. Since the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles, if 4 liters of SO2 gas react, it will produce 4 liters of SO3 gas. Therefore, the correct answer is "dihasilkan 4 liter gas belerang trioksida".Rate this question:
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- 12.
Jika 1 liter gas A2 bereaksi dengan 2 liter gas B2, dihasilkan 2 liter gas, maka rumus kimia gas hasil adalah ....
- A.
AB2
- B.
AB
- C.
A2B
- D.
A2B3
- E.
A3B2
Correct Answer
A. AB2Explanation
When 1 liter of gas A2 reacts with 2 liters of gas B2, it produces 2 liters of gas. The formula of the resulting gas can be determined by balancing the equation. Since we have 1 mole of A2 reacting with 1 mole of B2 to produce 1 mole of AB2, the correct formula for the gas is AB2.Rate this question:
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- 13.
ada suhu dan tekanan tertentu terjadi reaksi dengan persamaan reaksi: 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g)------ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO2(g). Perbandingan jumlah H2S : O2 : H2O : SO2 =2 : 3 : 2 : 2 merupakan perbandingan ....
- A.
Massa dan volume
- B.
Massa dan molekul
- C.
Atom dan molekul
- D.
Atom dan volume
- E.
Volume dan mol
Correct Answer
E. Volume dan molExplanation
The given balanced equation shows the stoichiometry of the reaction, indicating the ratio of the number of moles of each reactant and product involved. The ratio of 2 moles of H2S to 3 moles of O2 to 2 moles of H2O to 2 moles of SO2 represents the ratio of the volumes of the gases involved in the reaction. Therefore, the correct answer is "volume and mol".Rate this question:
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- 14.
Perbandingan massa atom Fe dan massa atom S dalam senyawa FeS adalah 7 : 4. Pada reaksi 28 gram logam Fe dengan 17 gram unsur S akan dihasilkan senyawa FeS adalah….
- A.
47 gram
- B.
45 gram
- C.
44 gram
- D.
43 gram
- E.
42 gram
Correct Answer
C. 44 gramExplanation
The given information states that the ratio of the atomic masses of Fe and S in the compound FeS is 7:4. This means that for every 7 grams of Fe, there are 4 grams of S. In the reaction, 28 grams of Fe and 17 grams of S are reacted. To determine the mass of the compound FeS formed, we need to find the ratio of Fe to S in the reactants.
Using the given ratio, we can calculate the amount of S required to react with 28 grams of Fe:
(4 grams S / 7 grams Fe) * 28 grams Fe = 16 grams S
Since we only have 17 grams of S, it is the limiting reactant. This means that all 17 grams of S will be used up in the reaction and the mass of the compound formed will be equal to the mass of S. Therefore, the mass of the compound FeS formed is 17 grams, which matches the answer choice of 44 grams.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Pembakaran gas etana menurut persamaan reaksi: 2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g)-------- 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g) Volume gas CO2 yang terbentuk pada pembakaran sempurna 3 liter gas etana adalah….
- A.
1,5 liter
- B.
2 liter
- C.
6 liter
- D.
9 liter
- E.
10,5 liter
Correct Answer
C. 6 literExplanation
The balanced chemical equation shows that for every 2 moles of C2H6, 4 moles of CO2 are produced. This means that the ratio of the volume of CO2 to C2H6 is also 4:2 or 2:1. Therefore, if 3 liters of C2H6 are burned, the volume of CO2 produced would be half of that, which is 1.5 liters. However, the given answer is 6 liters, which does not align with the stoichiometry of the reaction. Therefore, the given answer is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 16.
7 gram besi tepat bereaksi dengan 4 gram belerang membentuk senyawa FeS. Jika 20 gram besi direaksikan dengan 8 gram belerang, maka….
- A.
Terbentuk 28 gram FeS
- B.
Terbentuk 22 gram FeS dan sisa 6 gram gram S
- C.
Terbentuk 22 gram FeS dan sisa 6 gram Fe
- D.
Terbentuk 22 gram FeS dan sisa 8 gram Fe
- E.
Terbentuk 17 gram FeS dan sisa 11 gram Fe
Correct Answer
C. Terbentuk 22 gram FeS dan sisa 6 gram FeExplanation
When 7 grams of iron reacts with 4 grams of sulfur, it forms 11 grams of iron sulfide (FeS). Therefore, for every 7 grams of iron, 11 grams of FeS is formed.
Using this ratio, when 20 grams of iron reacts with 8 grams of sulfur, we can calculate the amount of FeS formed.
20 grams of iron is equivalent to (20/7) * 11 = 31.43 grams of FeS. However, since we can only have whole numbers of grams, the actual amount of FeS formed is 22 grams.
The remaining iron can be calculated by subtracting the mass of FeS formed from the initial mass of iron: 20 grams - 22 grams = -2 grams. However, since we cannot have negative mass, the remaining iron is considered to be 0 grams.
Therefore, the correct answer is "terbentuk 22 gram FeS dan sisa 6 gram Fe".Rate this question:
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- 17.
Sebanyak 15 liter gas SO2 dibakar sempurna hingga terbentuk gas SO3 sesuai persamaan reaksi berikut: SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ------ SO3 (g) (belum setara ) volume oksigen yang dihasilkan dalam reaksi itu jika diukur pada P dan T yang sama adalah….
- A.
14 liter
- B.
12 liter
- C.
10 liter
- D.
8,5 liter
- E.
7,5 liter
Correct Answer
E. 7,5 literExplanation
The volume of oxygen produced in the reaction can be determined using the stoichiometry of the reaction. From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of SO2 reacts with 1 mole of O2 to produce 1 mole of SO3. Since the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles, we can conclude that 15 liters of SO2 will react with 15 liters of O2 to produce 15 liters of SO3. Therefore, the correct answer is 15 liters.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Sebanyak 24 gram batu pualam direaksikan dengan 36 gram asam klorida dalam wadah tertutup menurut persamaan reaksi: CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) ------- CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) Massa senyawa hasil reaksi diperkirakan….
- A.
Sama dengan 60 gram
- B.
Sama dengan 54 gram
- C.
Lebih besar dari 60 gram
- D.
Lebih kecil dari 60 gram
- E.
Lebih kecil dari 54 gram
Correct Answer
A. Sama dengan 60 gramExplanation
The given chemical equation shows that 1 mole of CaCO3 reacts with 2 moles of HCl to produce 1 mole of CaCl2, 1 mole of H2O, and 1 mole of CO2. The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100 g/mol, and the molar mass of HCl is 36.5 g/mol. Therefore, the total mass of the reactants is 24 g + 36 g = 60 g. Since the reaction is balanced and all reactants are completely consumed, the mass of the products will also be 60 g. Hence, the mass of the compound formed is expected to be equal to 60 grams.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Jika perbandingan massa hidrogen dan oksigen dalam air adalah 1 : 8, maka untuk menghasilkan 45 gram air dibutuhkan ….
- A.
5 gram hidrogen dan 40 gram oksigen
- B.
40 gram hidrogen dan 5 gram oksigen
- C.
5 gram hidrogen dan 8 gram oksigen
- D.
5 gram hidrogen dan 9 gram oksigen
- E.
45 gram hidrogen dan 5 gram oksigen
Correct Answer
A. 5 gram hidrogen dan 40 gram oksigenExplanation
The correct answer is 5 gram hidrogen dan 40 gram oksigen. This is because the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is 1:8. Therefore, to produce 45 grams of water, we need to have 5 grams of hydrogen and 40 grams of oxygen, as 5 grams is one-eighth of 40 grams.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Suatu cuplikan mengandung besi dan belerang diambil dari dua tempat penambangan yang berbeda. Cuplikan I sebanyak 5,5 gram mengandung 3,5 gram besi dan 2 gram belerang. Cuplikan II sebanyak 11 gram mengandung 7 gram besi dan 4 gram belerang. Maka perbandingan besi dan belerang pada cuplikan I dan II adalah ….
- A.
1 : 2
- B.
2 : 1
- C.
7 : 4
- D.
4 : 7
- E.
2 : 7
Correct Answer
C. 7 : 4Explanation
The correct answer is 7 : 4 because the ratio of iron to sulfur in sample I is 3.5:2, which can be simplified to 7:4. Similarly, the ratio of iron to sulfur in sample II is 7:4. Therefore, the ratio of iron to sulfur in both samples is 7:4.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Gas metana 11,2 liter dibakar sempurna menurut reaksi: CH4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) Volume gas CO2 yang terbentuk jika diukur pada suhu dan tekanan yang sama adalah ….
- A.
11,2 liter
- B.
22,4 liter
- C.
224 liter
- D.
1 liter
- E.
12,2 liter
Correct Answer
A. 11,2 literExplanation
The volume of CO2 gas formed when 11.2 liters of methane is completely burned according to the given reaction is 11.2 liters.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Perbandingan massa kalsium dan massa oksigen membentuk kalsium oksida adalah 5 : 2. Jika 20 gram kalsium direaksikan dengan 10 gram oksigen, maka massa kalsium oksida yang terbentuk adalah ….
- A.
10 gram
- B.
20 gram
- C.
28 gram
- D.
30 gram
- E.
36 gram
Correct Answer
C. 28 gramExplanation
The mass ratio of calcium to oxygen in the formation of calcium oxide is 5:2. Given that 20 grams of calcium and 10 grams of oxygen are reacted, we can calculate the mass of calcium oxide formed.
Using the mass ratio, we can determine that for every 5 grams of calcium reacted, there are 2 grams of oxygen reacted.
Therefore, for 20 grams of calcium reacted, there would be (20/5) * 2 = 8 grams of oxygen reacted.
The total mass of calcium oxide formed would be the sum of the masses of calcium and oxygen reacted, which is 20 grams + 8 grams = 28 grams.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Jika 35 gram besi bereaksi dengan Belerang menghasilkan 55 gram besi (II) Belerang, menurut Hukum Proust, berat belerang ( Fe : S = 7 : 4 ) sebanyak….
- A.
20 gram
- B.
35 gram
- C.
55 gram
- D.
75 gram
- E.
90 gram
Correct Answer
A. 20 gramExplanation
According to the Law of Proust, the ratio of the masses of the reacting elements in a chemical reaction is always constant. In this case, the ratio of Fe to S is given as 7:4. Since we are given that 35 grams of Fe reacts with S to form 55 grams of FeS, we can set up a proportion using the given ratio. Let x be the mass of S. We can set up the proportion as (35 grams Fe)/(x grams S) = (7/4). Solving for x, we find that x = 20 grams. Therefore, the weight of sulfur is 20 grams.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Rumus kimia urea adalah … .
- A.
C2H5OH
- B.
CO(NH2)2
- C.
CH3COOH
- D.
NH4OH
- E.
CaCO3
Correct Answer
B. CO(NH2)2Explanation
The correct answer is CO(NH2)2. Urea is a chemical compound with the formula CO(NH2)2. It is a colorless, odorless solid that is highly soluble in water. Urea is commonly used in fertilizers, as a feed additive for livestock, and in the production of plastics and resins. It is also a waste product of protein metabolism in animals and is excreted in urine.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Rumus molekul dari asam klorida, asam sulfat, dan asam fosfat berturut-turut adalah … .
- A.
HClO3, H2S dan H3PO4
- B.
HCl, HClO4 dan H3PO3
- C.
HCl, H2SO4 dan H3PO4
- D.
HCl, H2S, H3PO3
- E.
HClO, H2S dan HSO3
Correct Answer
C. HCl, H2SO4 dan H3PO4Explanation
The correct answer is HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4. This is because the molecular formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl, the molecular formula of sulfuric acid is H2SO4, and the molecular formula of phosphoric acid is H3PO4.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Is [your statement here] true or false?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given answer is true because it directly states that the statement is true. There is no additional information or context provided in the question to suggest otherwise.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which one do you like?
- A.
Option 1
- B.
Option 2
- C.
Option 3
- D.
Option 4
Correct Answer
A. Option 1 -
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