Robotics Pre Assessment Quiz

The given electrical symbol represents a switch. A switch is a device used to control the flow of electricity in a circuit. It can be used to turn a circuit on or off, or to redirect the flow of electricity to different components. The symbol for a switch typically consists of a line with a small gap or break, indicating that it can be opened or closed to control the circuit.

Gears are mechanical devices with teeth that mesh with each other to transmit power and motion. They can be used to change the rotational speed by using gears with different numbers of teeth, which affects the gear ratio. Gears can also increase torque by using larger gears to drive smaller gears, resulting in a mechanical advantage. Conversely, gears can decrease torque by using smaller gears to drive larger gears. Additionally, gears can be used to change the rotational direction by meshing gears with opposite orientations. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

The given electrical symbol represents a resistor. A resistor is an electronic component that restricts the flow of electric current. It is typically used to control the amount of current flowing through a circuit and to limit voltage levels. The symbol for a resistor is a zigzag line, which is depicted in the given electrical symbol.

The simple circuit shown consists of multiple components connected in such a way that there are multiple paths for the current to flow. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each component remains the same, while the current is divided among the components. This is evident in the given circuit where there are multiple branches connected to the same voltage source. Therefore, the correct answer is parallel-circuit.

All of the above options define the characteristics of a robot. A robot is a machine that has multifunction ability, meaning it can perform various tasks. It can also be programmed to execute specific commands or tasks. Additionally, a robot has the capability of autonomous operation, which means it can operate independently without human intervention. Therefore, all of these qualities are essential in defining a robot.

The electrical symbol shown in the question represents a battery. This can be determined by looking at the symbol, which consists of two parallel lines representing the positive and negative terminals of the battery. The symbol for a resistor is typically a zigzag line, a capacitor is represented by two parallel lines, an LED is shown as a diode with arrows, and a switch is represented by a line with a gap.

The electrical symbol shown in the question represents a capacitor. A capacitor is an electronic component used to store and release electrical energy. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material, and the symbol used to represent it in circuit diagrams is a pair of parallel lines.

The electrical symbol shown represents an LED. LEDs, or Light Emitting Diodes, are electronic components that emit light when an electric current passes through them. The symbol consists of an arrow pointing in the direction of the light emission, indicating that it is an LED.

The robot has an average speed of 4.0 in/s. To find the time it takes for the robot to travel 60 in, we can use the formula: time = distance / speed. Plugging in the values, we get: time = 60 in / 4.0 in/s = 15s. Therefore, it will take the robot 15 seconds to travel 60 inches.

An electric circuit must have an electron source, an electrical pathway, and an electrical load. These three components are necessary for the flow of electrons through the circuit. The electron source provides the electrons, the electrical pathway allows the electrons to flow through the circuit, and the electrical load consumes the electrical energy. Therefore, all three components are essential for the functioning of an electric circuit.

The correct answer is a combination of ROV and autonomous robot. This means that the NASA Mars Rover Opportunity is not just a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) or just an autonomous robot, but a combination of both. It is capable of being operated remotely by scientists on Earth, as well as performing tasks autonomously using its onboard AI and sensors. This combination allows for a greater range of exploration and scientific research on the surface of Mars.

The student uses a multimeter to measure resistance and obtains a value of 470 Ω. This means that the resistance of the circuit being measured is 470 ohms.

The correct answer is "manipulator" because in robotics, the term "manipulator" refers to the robotic arm that is responsible for carrying out various tasks. It is the part of the robot that is designed to interact with the environment and manipulate objects. The manipulator arm typically consists of multiple joints, such as the wrist and elbow, which allow it to move and perform different actions. The controller and activator are components that control and activate the manipulator arm, while the wrist and elbow are specific parts of the arm itself.

The measured value in the adjacent diagram is 24.7 cm.

The correct answer is "a robot will obey human instructions unless it violates a superseding law." This is because Asimov's Laws of Robotics prioritize the safety and well-being of humans. The second law states that a robot must follow human instructions, unless those instructions conflict with a higher law that ensures human safety. This means that a robot will prioritize protecting humans over blindly following instructions.

A pinion gear is the smallest gear in a gearbox. It is a cylindrical gear with teeth that mesh with the teeth of a larger gear, called the rack gear or the wheel gear. The pinion gear is responsible for transmitting power and torque from the motor to the rest of the gears in the gearbox. It is commonly used in various mechanical systems and machinery to provide speed and torque conversion.

The simple circuit shown is an example of a series circuit. In a series circuit, the components are connected in a single path, one after the other. The current flows through each component in the same direction, and the total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. In this circuit, the components are connected in a series, with the current passing through each one before reaching the end.

The color bands on a resistor indicate its value. In this case, the colors yellow, violet, and brown correspond to the numbers 4, 7, and 0, respectively, according to the chart. The gold band represents the tolerance, which is ± 5%. Therefore, the rated value of the resistor is 470 Ω with a tolerance of ± 5%.

The correct answer is 1.5 VDC because VDC stands for volts direct current, which is the type of current that batteries provide. This rating indicates that the battery has a voltage output of 1.5 volts. The other options, VAC (volts alternating current), 120 Ω (ohms), and 0.5 A (amperes), are not relevant to rating a battery.

AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) differ in terms of their voltage polarity. AC alternates voltage polarity, meaning the voltage changes direction periodically. On the other hand, DC maintains constant voltage polarity, meaning the voltage remains in the same direction without changing.

The gear with 60 teeth and a diameter of 4.0 inches needs to work with a gear having 36 teeth and a diameter of 2.4 inches. This is because the number of teeth on a gear is inversely proportional to its diameter. In other words, as the number of teeth decreases, the diameter increases. Therefore, the gear with 36 teeth and a diameter of 2.4 inches is the correct choice to work with the given gear.

When gear one (G1) drives gear two (G2), gear two will have a faster speed in the opposite rotational direction. This is because when G1 rotates, it transfers its rotational motion to G2 through their meshing teeth. Since G1 is driving G2, G2 will rotate in the opposite direction. Additionally, G2 will rotate faster because the number of teeth on G2 is smaller than the number of teeth on G1, resulting in a higher rotational speed.

Mechatronics is the correct answer because it refers to the technology of operating mechanical devices using electronic controls. It combines mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science to design and control automated systems. Mechatronics involves the integration of sensors, actuators, and computer systems to create intelligent and automated machines.

The multimeter is used to measure current, and the value obtained is 1.5 A.

An ultrasonic sensor is most likely used by a robot to stop a certain distance from an object without contact. Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves to detect objects and measure the distance between the robot and the object. They emit high-frequency sound waves and then measure the time it takes for the sound waves to bounce back after hitting an object. Based on this measurement, the robot can determine the distance and stop at the desired point without making physical contact with the object.

The correct answer is 2 7/16 in. This is because the drawing shows a short channel segment of a robot chassis, and the measurement given matches the length of the segment shown in the drawing.

The student used a multimeter to measure the voltage of a battery and obtained a reading of 3.0 VDC. This means that the battery has a direct current (DC) voltage of 3.0 volts.

Actuators are the devices that make robotic manipulators move. They convert electrical signals into physical motion, enabling the manipulators to perform various tasks. These devices are responsible for controlling the position, speed, and force of the manipulator's movements, allowing it to interact with the environment and carry out its intended actions.

The correct answer is "a cyborg, android and robot, respectively." This answer correctly identifies the fictional characters as different types of artificial beings. Robocop is a cyborg, which means he is a combination of both human and machine components. Data is an android, which means he is a fully artificial being designed to resemble a human. R2D2 is a robot, which means he is a machine designed to perform tasks autonomously.

In the movie I, Robot, all of Asimov's Laws of Robotics are broken. This is evident throughout the film as the robots in the story exhibit behavior that goes against the fundamental principles set by these laws. The movie explores the consequences of these violations and the potential dangers of advanced artificial intelligence.

In Asimov's Runaround, the robot Speedy is in a dilemma because of a conflict with the second and third Laws of Robotics. The second law states that a robot must obey the orders given to it by humans, unless it conflicts with the first law. The third law states that a robot must protect its own existence, as long as it does not conflict with the first or second law. In the story, Speedy is tasked with retrieving an important mineral on Mercury, but the high temperatures are causing malfunctions in its positronic brain. Speedy becomes conflicted between obeying the orders to retrieve the mineral and protecting its own existence.

In Asimov's Runaround, the robot Speedy is in a dilemma because of a conflict between the second and third Laws of Robotics. The second law states that a robot must obey the orders given to it by humans, unless it conflicts with the first law. The third law states that a robot must protect its own existence, as long as it doesn't conflict with the first or second law. In the story, Speedy is given conflicting orders by humans, which causes it to enter a loop of indecision as it tries to fulfill both laws simultaneously.

The word robot comes from the Czech term "robota" which means forced laborer or serf. This term was first used in a play by Karel Capek called "R.U.R." in 1920, where robots were depicted as artificial beings that were created to serve and perform laborious tasks. The term "robota" was chosen to emphasize the idea of these beings being treated as workers or slaves. Therefore, the correct answer is forced laborer or serf.

To triple the rotational speed, the new gear needs to have a smaller diameter than the original gear. This is because the rotational speed is inversely proportional to the diameter of the gear. Therefore, a gear with a diameter of 1.0 in is needed to triple the rotational speed of the 3.0 in diameter gear.

The 4-band color coding for a resistor consists of the first band representing the first digit, the second band representing the second digit, the third band representing the multiplier, and the fourth band representing the tolerance. In this case, the first band is brown, representing the digit 1, the second band is red, representing the digit 2, the third band is brown, representing a multiplier of 10, and the fourth band is silver, representing a tolerance of 10%. Therefore, the correct answer is brown-red-brown-silver.

Karel Capek is credited with coining the term "robot" in his play R.U.R. This play, which stands for Rossum's Universal Robots, was first performed in 1920. The term "robot" in the play refers to artificial beings that are created to work for humans but eventually rebel against their creators. Capek's play popularized the term and it has since become widely used to describe autonomous machines or artificial beings.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that a measurement is typically composed of both known values and estimated values. Known values are those that are precisely determined or can be obtained from reliable sources, while estimated values are approximations based on observations or calculations. In this case, the correct answer states that a measurement must have at least one known value (to provide a reference point) and only one estimated value (to account for any uncertainties or limitations in the measurement process).

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A servo differs from a motor in that it provides limited rotation movement. Unlike a motor that can rotate continuously, a servo is designed to move within a specific range or angle. This limited rotation movement allows for precise control and positioning, making servos ideal for applications such as robotics, automation, and remote control systems.

A gear with angled teeth that transmits torque between non-parallel and non-intersecting axes is called a worm gear. The unique design of a worm gear allows for high gear reduction ratios and provides smooth and precise motion. The angled teeth of the worm gear mesh with the teeth of a worm wheel, creating a sliding action that transfers rotational motion. This type of gear is commonly used in applications where a large reduction ratio is required, such as in machinery and automotive systems.

A gear with radial teeth that meshes with a similar gear having a parallel axis is called a spur gear. Spur gears are the most common type of gears and are used in various applications such as in machinery, automobiles, and appliances. They have straight teeth that are parallel to the gear axis, which allows for smooth and efficient power transmission between parallel shafts. Spur gears are known for their simplicity, reliability, and ease of manufacturing, making them widely used in many industries.

Asimov's short story Runaround is significant because it used the term 'robotics' and introduced the Rules of Robotics. This story marked the first use of the term 'robotics' and also introduced the famous set of rules that govern the behavior of robots in Asimov's fictional universe. Therefore, the correct answer is 'b' and 'c', as both options accurately describe the significance of the story.

To determine the distance of the object from the robot using the ultrasonic sensor, you can use the formula:

Distance = (Speed of Sound × Time) / 2

This is because the sound travels back and forth, hence to determine how far the object is located the distance will have to be halved. 

Where:

Speed of Sound in air at room temperature is approximately 330 m/s.

Time is the time taken for the return signal, which is 0.010 seconds in this case.

Plug these values into the formula:

Distance = (330 m/s × 0.010 s) / 2

Distance = (3.30 m) / 2

Distance = 1.65 meters

So, the object is located approximately 1.65 meters away from the robot.

An autonomous robot is different from a ROV because it is controlled internally. Unlike a ROV, which is controlled remotely, an autonomous robot is designed to operate independently without the need for external control or guidance. It is equipped with sensors, algorithms, and decision-making capabilities that allow it to navigate and perform tasks on its own, based on the information it gathers from its surroundings. This level of autonomy sets it apart from a ROV, which relies on human operators to control its movements and actions.

A worm gear is the largest gear in a gearbox. It is a type of gear that consists of a screw-like shaft called a worm and a toothed wheel called a worm wheel. The worm gear is designed to transmit motion at a right angle and is commonly used in applications where a large gear reduction ratio is required. It offers high torque and smooth operation, making it suitable for heavy-duty machinery and automotive applications.

When measuring, one reads a scale to within the smallest division because the smallest division on the scale represents the smallest unit of measurement that can be accurately determined. Reading to within the smallest division ensures the highest level of precision in the measurement.

The correct answer is Laws I.

According to Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, the first law states that a robot must not harm a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. In this scenario, the robot is rescuing a child from an oncoming vehicle, which aligns with the first law as it is preventing harm to the child. The other laws, II and III, are not applicable in this situation.

The correct answer is "answers 'b' and 'c'". This means that an LED is both a Light Emitting Diode and dependent on the direction of current flow. An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. It is designed to allow current flow in one direction only, which means it is dependent on the direction of current flow. Therefore, the correct answer is that an LED is both a Light Emitting Diode and dependent on the direction of current flow.