Reading: Intermediate 2

2.

Tomatoes & Lycopene You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red color. Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber. Thus, processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help absorption to a great extent. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that ----.

Lycopene is what gives some fruits their color
No credible evidence has been found to support an association between lycopene intake and a reduced risk of cancer.
Processed tomato products include the lowest concentrations of lycopen
There are several health problems that may result from consuming a great deal of lycopen
Unlike the popular belief, fat doesn't help the absorption of lycopene in the body

Correct Answer

A. Lycopene is what gives some fruits their color

Explanation

The passage states that lycopene is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red color. This suggests that lycopene is what gives some fruits their color.

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3.

Grey Wolf The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests, deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success. QUESTION: We can understand from the passage that the grey wolf ----.

Is able to survive in a wide variety of habitats.
Prefers to hunt individually rather than in group
Has been proved to be the ancestor of the domestic dog and all its subspecie
Was once found in every continent of the world in great number
And the timber wolf are two different species of wolf

Correct Answer

A. Is able to survive in a wide variety of habitats.

Explanation

The passage states that gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in various habitats such as forests, deserts, mountains, tundra, and grasslands. This suggests that the gray wolf is able to survive in a wide variety of habitats.

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4.

Grammar vs Vocabulary Traditionally, many linguists stressed the importance of mastering grammar structures first while teaching English. In recent years, the majority of educators have become more aware of the fallacy of this approach and other approaches promoting vocabulary development have gained popularity. It has been found out without vocabulary to put on top of the grammar system, the learners can actually say very little despite being able to manipulate complex grammatical structures in exercise drills. It is obvious that to learn English, one needs to learn many words. Native speakers have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words but foreign learners of English need far fewer. They need only about 5,000 words to be quite competent in speaking and listening. The reason for this seemingly small number is the nature of words and the frequency with which they appear in a language. It seems clear that frequent words should be among the first words to learn because they will be met most of ten and will be needed in speech or writing. QUESTION: According to the passage, it is true that while learning English, one ----.

Cannot achieve competency in language skills just through mastering grammar structures.
Needs to be taught at least 20,000 words to communicate with foreigners easily
Must learn grammar structures right away
Must focus on practicing as many grammar structures as possible according to contemporary language teaching approaches.
Should first try to develop his understanding of written texts.

Correct Answer

A. Cannot achieve competency in language skills just through mastering grammar structures.

Explanation

According to the passage, it is true that while learning English, one cannot achieve competency in language skills just through mastering grammar structures. The passage explains that without vocabulary to use with grammar, learners are unable to say much despite being able to manipulate complex grammatical structures. Therefore, it is important to learn many words in order to effectively communicate in English.

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5.

Tomatoes & Lycopene You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red color. Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber. Thus, processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help absorption to a great extent. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that as far as the lycopene intake is concerned ----.

Lycopene hardly offers any protection against diseases such as cancer.
One can get the highest amount of lycopene through eating fresh tomatoes
There is a correlation between the lycopene consumption and the prevention of some cancer types
There have been no reported side effects or toxicity associated with intake
Tomato products contain high concentrations of lycopene and fat

Correct Answer

A. There is a correlation between the lycopene consumption and the prevention of some cancer types

Explanation

The passage states that the cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene, which is found in tomatoes and other red fruits. It is mentioned that processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene, and that cooked and crushed tomatoes, as well as tomato products served in oil-rich dishes, increase assimilation of lycopene into the bloodstream. Therefore, it can be understood from the passage that there is a correlation between lycopene consumption and the prevention of some cancer types.

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6.

Tomatoes & Lycopene You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red color. Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber. Thus, processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help absorption to a great extent. QUESTION: According to the passage, it is true that lycopene ----.

Can only be found in processed tomato products
Loses its cancer-preventing property when the tomato is processe
Lowers the risk of having cancer only when it is consumed together with vitami
is absorbed by the body more easily when accompanied by the oil
Is a pigment which is solved quickly in water

Correct Answer

A. is absorbed by the body more easily when accompanied by the oil

Explanation

According to the passage, lycopene is a fat-soluble substance that is tightly bound to vegetable fiber and is insoluble in water. Therefore, when tomatoes are processed and cooked, the concentration of lycopene increases, and serving them in oil-rich dishes helps with its absorption into the bloodstream. This suggests that lycopene is absorbed by the body more easily when accompanied by oil.

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7.

Grey Wolf The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests, deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success. QUESTION: According to the passage, in the light of the genetic studies carried out, It has been found out that ----.

The domestic dog could have descended from the grey wolf
The grey wolf and the domestic dog are the subspecies of a kind of wolf having lived thousands of years ago.
The dog is believed to be ancestor of the grey wolf
Grey wolves live in very large packs.
Grey wolves live only in Europe and Asia today

Correct Answer

A. The domestic dog could have descended from the grey wolf

Explanation

According to the passage, genetic studies indicate that the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. This suggests that the domestic dog could have descended from the grey wolf.

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8.

Grammar vs Vocabulary Traditionally, many linguists stressed the importance of mastering grammar structures first while teaching English. In recent years, the majority of educators have become more aware of the fallacy of this approach and other approaches promoting vocabulary development have gained popularity. It has been found out without vocabulary to put on top of the grammar system, the learners can actually say very little despite being able to manipulate complex grammatical structures in exercise drills. It is obvious that to learn English, one needs to learn many words. Native speakers have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words but foreign learners of English need far fewer. They need only about 5,000 words to be quite competent in speaking and listening. The reason for this seemingly small number is the nature of words and the frequency with which they appear in a language. It seems clear that frequent words should be among the first words to learn because they will be met most of ten and will be needed in speech or writing. QUESTION: It is stated in the passage that ----.

A great number of educators today believe that mastering grammar points is more important than learning words while studying a foreign language.
Grammar drills are effective in teaching the most frequently encountered English words
An approach based on mastering grammar structures first to teach English is at most unlikely to find supporters today
The learners of English are required to learn all grammar structures perfectly in order to make themselves understood by foreigner.
The number of English words which must be learned to communicate with a foreigner exceeds 20,000

Correct Answer

A. An approach based on mastering grammar structures first to teach English is at most unlikely to find supporters today

Explanation

The passage states that in recent years, the majority of educators have become more aware of the fallacy of the approach that stresses the importance of mastering grammar structures first while teaching English. This implies that an approach based on mastering grammar structures first is unlikely to find supporters today.

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9.

Autism Autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old. The genetics of autism are complex and it is generally unclear which genes are responsible for it. Autism affects many parts of the brain but how this occurs is also poorly understood. Autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Other proposed causes, such as childhood vaccines, are controversial and the vaccine hypotheses lack convincing scientific evidence. The number of people known to have autism has increased dramatically since the 1980s. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. Early behavioral cognitive intervention can help children gain self-care, social and communication skills but there is no cure for it. Few children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, but same become successful and an autistic culture has developed, with same seeking a cure and others believing that autism is a condition rather than a disorder. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that ----.

Autistic children cannot hear the sounds and are unable to talk with other
Even if the treatment for autism starts early, the child doesn't have any chance to recover completely.
When they become an adult all autistic people can live as actively as normal people do
People with autism should be encouraged to live on their own
Scientists know which genes are responsible for the development of autism

Correct Answer

A. Even if the treatment for autism starts early, the child doesn't have any chance to recover completely.

Explanation

The passage states that early behavioral cognitive intervention can help children with autism gain skills, but there is no cure for it. This suggests that even if treatment starts early, the child does not have a chance to fully recover from autism.

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10.

Autism Autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old. The genetics of autism are complex and it is generally unclear which genes are responsible for it. Autism affects many parts of the brain but how this occurs is also poorly understood. Autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Other proposed causes, such as childhood vaccines, are controversial and the vaccine hypotheses lack convincing scientific evidence. The number of people known to have autism has increased dramatically since the 1980s. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. Early behavioral cognitive intervention can help children gain self-care, social and communication skills but there is no cure for it. Few children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, but same become successful and an autistic culture has developed, with same seeking a cure and others believing that autism is a condition rather than a disorder. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that autism ----.

Is caused by a childhood vaccine that affects the development of the brain
Is accepted as a condition rather than a disorder by all specialist.
Is a condition in which a child suffers from severe pains in the head
Was a more prevalent disorder in the past than it is today
Is characterized by abnormalities of behavior pattern.

Correct Answer

A. Is characterized by abnormalities of behavior pattern.

Explanation

The passage states that autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication and causes restricted and repetitive behavior. This indicates that autism is characterized by abnormalities of behavior patterns.

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11.

Grammar vs Vocabulary Traditionally, many linguists stressed the importance of mastering grammar structures first while teaching English. In recent years, the majority of educators have become more aware of the fallacy of this approach and other approaches promoting vocabulary development have gained popularity. It has been found out without vocabulary to put on top of the grammar system, the learners can actually say very little despite being able to manipulate complex grammatical structures in exercise drills. It is obvious that to learn English, one needs to learn many words. Native speakers have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words but foreign learners of English need far fewer. They need only about 5,000 words to be quite competent in speaking and listening. The reason for this seemingly small number is the nature of words and the frequency with which they appear in a language. It seems clear that frequent words should be among the first words to learn because they will be met most of ten and will be needed in speech or writing. QUESTION: According to the passage, when the approaches to English language teaching are taken into consideration, ----.

The best method is the one which focuses on developing the learners' speaking and listening skills first.
Each method has its own strong and weak point
The ones emphasizing the importance of developing learners' vocabulary first have already become outdate
Recent approaches haven't proved to be effective in language teaching so far
Most educators are not in favor of the traditional approach having dominated the language teaching field once anymore.

Correct Answer

A. Most educators are not in favor of the traditional approach having dominated the language teaching field once anymore.

Explanation

The passage states that in recent years, educators have become more aware of the fallacy of the traditional approach of emphasizing grammar structures first in English language teaching. This suggests that most educators are no longer in favor of the traditional approach, which used to dominate the language teaching field. Therefore, the correct answer is that most educators are not in favor of the traditional approach having dominated the language teaching field once anymore.

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12.

Grey Wolf The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests, deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success. QUESTION: It is understood from the passage that ----.

The number of grey wolf subspecies has been determined with certainty by researchers
There are few grey wolf subspecies which continue living today
Grey wolf subspecies have increased in number in the last decade
It is known that many of grey wolf subspecies have already become extinct
There is no consensus on how many grey wolf subspecies exist

Correct Answer

A. There is no consensus on how many grey wolf subspecies exist

Explanation

The passage states that "many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion." This suggests that there is no consensus among researchers on the exact number of grey wolf subspecies that exist. Therefore, the correct answer is that there is no consensus on how many grey wolf subspecies exist.

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13.

Slavery Slavery is a system under which certain persons are totally deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labor or services. Although outlawed in nearly all countries, slavery is still practiced in some parts of the world. The evidence for slavery predates written records. It can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Historically, most slaves were captured in wars but some persons were sold into slavery by their parents, or by themselves, as a means of surviving extreme conditions. Ancient Warfare often resulted in slavery for prisoners and their families. Captives were often considered the property of those who captured them and were looked upon as a prize of war. Those captured sometimes differed in ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race from their enslavers, but often were the same as the captors. The dominant group in an area might take captives and turn them into slaves. The possibility always existed of reversals of fortune at the height of the Roman Empire, when powerful nations fought among themselves, anyone could find himself enslaved. QUESTION: According to the passage, slavery ----.

Is a system in which the enslaved person has some amount of freedom
Started with the establishment of the Roman Empire
Was banned by international agreements between countries a long time ago
Meant for some people surviving the conditions they had to endure
Is a practice which can be see n in many places in the world today

Correct Answer

A. Meant for some people surviving the conditions they had to endure

Explanation

The passage states that some persons sold themselves or were sold into slavery as a means of surviving extreme conditions. This suggests that slavery was a practice meant for some people surviving the conditions they had to endure.

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14.

Slavery Slavery is a system under which certain persons are totally deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labor or services. Although outlawed in nearly all countries, slavery is still practiced in some parts of the world. The evidence for slavery predates written records. It can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Historically, most slaves were captured in wars but some persons were sold into slavery by their parents, or by themselves, as a means of surviving extreme conditions. Ancient Warfare often resulted in slavery for prisoners and their families. Captives were often considered the property of those who captured them and were looked upon as a prize of war. Those captured sometimes differed in ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race from their enslavers, but often were the same as the captors. The dominant group in an area might take captives and turn them into slaves. The possibility always existed of reversals of fortune at the height of the Roman Empire, when powerful nations fought among themselves, anyone could find himself enslaved. QUESTION: It Is stated in the passage that the practice of slavery ----.

Was the most common in the Roman Empire
Goes back to ancient times
Has been abolished by all nations now
Still exists secretly in many communities today
Became common in the past mostly due to poverty

Correct Answer

A. Goes back to ancient times

Explanation

The passage explains that the evidence for slavery predates written records and can be found in almost all cultures and continents. It also mentions that historically, most slaves were captured in wars and that slavery was practiced by different ethnicities, nationalities, religions, and races. Therefore, the correct answer is that the practice of slavery goes back to ancient times.

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15.

Slavery Slavery is a system under which certain persons are totally deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labor or services. Although outlawed in nearly all countries, slavery is still practiced in some parts of the world. The evidence for slavery predates written records. It can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Historically, most slaves were captured in wars but some persons were sold into slavery by their parents, or by themselves, as a means of surviving extreme conditions. Ancient Warfare often resulted in slavery for prisoners and their families. Captives were often considered the property of those who captured them and were looked upon as a prize of war. Those captured sometimes differed in ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race from their enslavers, but often were the same as the captors. The dominant group in an area might take captives and turn them into slaves. The possibility always existed of reversals of fortune at the height of the Roman Empire, when powerful nations fought among themselves, anyone could find himself enslaved. QUESTION:It can be understood from the passage that the captives of the wars in ancient times ----.

Were killed as soon as they were caugh
Were accepted as the property of the leader of the dominant group in an area
Usually shared certain features in common with the ones who captured them
Were mostly the civilians as the captured soldiers were quickly execute
Were turned into slaves and sold to other nations

Correct Answer

A. Usually shared certain features in common with the ones who captured them

Explanation

The passage states that captives of wars in ancient times were often considered the property of those who captured them and were looked upon as a prize of war. It also mentions that those captured sometimes differed in ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race from their enslavers, but often were the same as the captors. Therefore, it can be understood that the captives usually shared certain features in common with the ones who captured them.

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Reading: Intermediate 2

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