Reading: Intermediate 2
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- 1.Tomatoes & Lycopene You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red color. Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber. Thus, processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help absorption to a great extent. QUESTION: According to the passage, it is true that lycopene ----.
- A.
Can only be found in processed tomato products
- B.
Loses its cancer-preventing property when the tomato is processe
- C.
Lowers the risk of having cancer only when it is consumed together with vitami
- D.
is absorbed by the body more easily when accompanied by the oil
- E.
Is a pigment which is solved quickly in water
- 2.Tomatoes & Lycopene You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red color. Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber. Thus, processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help absorption to a great extent. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that as far as the lycopene intake is concerned ----.
- A.
Lycopene hardly offers any protection against diseases such as cancer.
- B.
One can get the highest amount of lycopene through eating fresh tomatoes
- C.
There is a correlation between the lycopene consumption and the prevention of some cancer types
- D.
There have been no reported side effects or toxicity associated with intake
- E.
Tomato products contain high concentrations of lycopene and fat
- 3.Tomatoes & Lycopene You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red color. Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber. Thus, processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help absorption to a great extent. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that ----.
- A.
Lycopene is what gives some fruits their color
- B.
No credible evidence has been found to support an association between lycopene intake and a reduced risk of cancer.
- C.
Processed tomato products include the lowest concentrations of lycopen
- D.
There are several health problems that may result from consuming a great deal of lycopen
- E.
Unlike the popular belief, fat doesn't help the absorption of lycopene in the body
- 4.Grammar vs Vocabulary Traditionally, many linguists stressed the importance of mastering grammar structures first while teaching English. In recent years, the majority of educators have become more aware of the fallacy of this approach and other approaches promoting vocabulary development have gained popularity. It has been found out without vocabulary to put on top of the grammar system, the learners can actually say very little despite being able to manipulate complex grammatical structures in exercise drills. It is obvious that to learn English, one needs to learn many words. Native speakers have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words but foreign learners of English need far fewer. They need only about 5,000 words to be quite competent in speaking and listening. The reason for this seemingly small number is the nature of words and the frequency with which they appear in a language. It seems clear that frequent words should be among the first words to learn because they will be met most of ten and will be needed in speech or writing. QUESTION: According to the passage, it is true that while learning English, one ----.
- A.
Cannot achieve competency in language skills just through mastering grammar structures.
- B.
Needs to be taught at least 20,000 words to communicate with foreigners easily
- C.
Must learn grammar structures right away
- D.
Must focus on practicing as many grammar structures as possible according to contemporary language teaching approaches.
- E.
Should first try to develop his understanding of written texts.
- 5.Grammar vs Vocabulary Traditionally, many linguists stressed the importance of mastering grammar structures first while teaching English. In recent years, the majority of educators have become more aware of the fallacy of this approach and other approaches promoting vocabulary development have gained popularity. It has been found out without vocabulary to put on top of the grammar system, the learners can actually say very little despite being able to manipulate complex grammatical structures in exercise drills. It is obvious that to learn English, one needs to learn many words. Native speakers have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words but foreign learners of English need far fewer. They need only about 5,000 words to be quite competent in speaking and listening. The reason for this seemingly small number is the nature of words and the frequency with which they appear in a language. It seems clear that frequent words should be among the first words to learn because they will be met most of ten and will be needed in speech or writing. QUESTION: According to the passage, when the approaches to English language teaching are taken into consideration, ----.
- A.
The best method is the one which focuses on developing the learners' speaking and listening skills first.
- B.
Each method has its own strong and weak point
- C.
The ones emphasizing the importance of developing learners' vocabulary first have already become outdate
- D.
Recent approaches haven't proved to be effective in language teaching so far
- E.
Most educators are not in favor of the traditional approach having dominated the language teaching field once anymore.
- 6.Grammar vs Vocabulary Traditionally, many linguists stressed the importance of mastering grammar structures first while teaching English. In recent years, the majority of educators have become more aware of the fallacy of this approach and other approaches promoting vocabulary development have gained popularity. It has been found out without vocabulary to put on top of the grammar system, the learners can actually say very little despite being able to manipulate complex grammatical structures in exercise drills. It is obvious that to learn English, one needs to learn many words. Native speakers have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words but foreign learners of English need far fewer. They need only about 5,000 words to be quite competent in speaking and listening. The reason for this seemingly small number is the nature of words and the frequency with which they appear in a language. It seems clear that frequent words should be among the first words to learn because they will be met most of ten and will be needed in speech or writing. QUESTION: It is stated in the passage that ----.
- A.
A great number of educators today believe that mastering grammar points is more important than learning words while studying a foreign language.
- B.
Grammar drills are effective in teaching the most frequently encountered English words
- C.
An approach based on mastering grammar structures first to teach English is at most unlikely to find supporters today
- D.
The learners of English are required to learn all grammar structures perfectly in order to make themselves understood by foreigner.
- E.
The number of English words which must be learned to communicate with a foreigner exceeds 20,000
- 7.Grey Wolf The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests, deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success. QUESTION: We can understand from the passage that the grey wolf ----.
- A.
Is able to survive in a wide variety of habitats.
- B.
Prefers to hunt individually rather than in group
- C.
Has been proved to be the ancestor of the domestic dog and all its subspecie
- D.
Was once found in every continent of the world in great number
- E.
And the timber wolf are two different species of wolf
- 8.Grey Wolf The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests, deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success. QUESTION: It is understood from the passage that ----.
- A.
The number of grey wolf subspecies has been determined with certainty by researchers
- B.
There are few grey wolf subspecies which continue living today
- C.
Grey wolf subspecies have increased in number in the last decade
- D.
It is known that many of grey wolf subspecies have already become extinct
- E.
There is no consensus on how many grey wolf subspecies exist
- 9.Grey Wolf The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests, deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success. QUESTION: According to the passage, in the light of the genetic studies carried out, It has been found out that ----.
- A.
The domestic dog could have descended from the grey wolf
- B.
The grey wolf and the domestic dog are the subspecies of a kind of wolf having lived thousands of years ago.
- C.
The dog is believed to be ancestor of the grey wolf
- D.
Grey wolves live in very large packs.
- E.
Grey wolves live only in Europe and Asia today
- 10.Autism Autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old. The genetics of autism are complex and it is generally unclear which genes are responsible for it. Autism affects many parts of the brain but how this occurs is also poorly understood. Autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Other proposed causes, such as childhood vaccines, are controversial and the vaccine hypotheses lack convincing scientific evidence. The number of people known to have autism has increased dramatically since the 1980s. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. Early behavioral cognitive intervention can help children gain self-care, social and communication skills but there is no cure for it. Few children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, but same become successful and an autistic culture has developed, with same seeking a cure and others believing that autism is a condition rather than a disorder. QUESTION: According to the passage, autism is a developmental disorder of the human brain ---------
- A.
That gives its first signs early in the childhood period
- B.
Which is caused by childhood vaccine
- C.
Which can't be diagnosed until after the child is three years old
- D.
For which there has been a successful cure in recent year
- E.
whose causes have been fully understood.
- 11.Autism Autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old. The genetics of autism are complex and it is generally unclear which genes are responsible for it. Autism affects many parts of the brain but how this occurs is also poorly understood. Autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Other proposed causes, such as childhood vaccines, are controversial and the vaccine hypotheses lack convincing scientific evidence. The number of people known to have autism has increased dramatically since the 1980s. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. Early behavioral cognitive intervention can help children gain self-care, social and communication skills but there is no cure for it. Few children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, but same become successful and an autistic culture has developed, with same seeking a cure and others believing that autism is a condition rather than a disorder. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that autism ----.
- A.
Is caused by a childhood vaccine that affects the development of the brain
- B.
Is accepted as a condition rather than a disorder by all specialist.
- C.
Is a condition in which a child suffers from severe pains in the head
- D.
Was a more prevalent disorder in the past than it is today
- E.
Is characterized by abnormalities of behavior pattern.
- 12.Autism Autism is a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old. The genetics of autism are complex and it is generally unclear which genes are responsible for it. Autism affects many parts of the brain but how this occurs is also poorly understood. Autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Other proposed causes, such as childhood vaccines, are controversial and the vaccine hypotheses lack convincing scientific evidence. The number of people known to have autism has increased dramatically since the 1980s. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. Early behavioral cognitive intervention can help children gain self-care, social and communication skills but there is no cure for it. Few children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, but same become successful and an autistic culture has developed, with same seeking a cure and others believing that autism is a condition rather than a disorder. QUESTION: It can be understood from the passage that ----.
- A.
Autistic children cannot hear the sounds and are unable to talk with other
- B.
Even if the treatment for autism starts early, the child doesn't have any chance to recover completely.
- C.
When they become an adult all autistic people can live as actively as normal people do
- D.
People with autism should be encouraged to live on their own
- E.
Scientists know which genes are responsible for the development of autism
- 13.Slavery Slavery is a system under which certain persons are totally deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labor or services. Although outlawed in nearly all countries, slavery is still practiced in some parts of the world. The evidence for slavery predates written records. It can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Historically, most slaves were captured in wars but some persons were sold into slavery by their parents, or by themselves, as a means of surviving extreme conditions. Ancient Warfare often resulted in slavery for prisoners and their families. Captives were often considered the property of those who captured them and were looked upon as a prize of war. Those captured sometimes differed in ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race from their enslavers, but often were the same as the captors. The dominant group in an area might take captives and turn them into slaves. The possibility always existed of reversals of fortune at the height of the Roman Empire, when powerful nations fought among themselves, anyone could find himself enslaved. QUESTION: According to the passage, slavery ----.
- A.
Is a system in which the enslaved person has some amount of freedom
- B.
Started with the establishment of the Roman Empire
- C.
Was banned by international agreements between countries a long time ago
- D.
Meant for some people surviving the conditions they had to endure
- E.
Is a practice which can be see n in many places in the world today
- 14.Slavery Slavery is a system under which certain persons are totally deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labor or services. Although outlawed in nearly all countries, slavery is still practiced in some parts of the world. The evidence for slavery predates written records. It can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Historically, most slaves were captured in wars but some persons were sold into slavery by their parents, or by themselves, as a means of surviving extreme conditions. Ancient Warfare often resulted in slavery for prisoners and their families. Captives were often considered the property of those who captured them and were looked upon as a prize of war. Those captured sometimes differed in ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race from their enslavers, but often were the same as the captors. The dominant group in an area might take captives and turn them into slaves. The possibility always existed of reversals of fortune at the height of the Roman Empire, when powerful nations fought among themselves, anyone could find himself enslaved. QUESTION: It Is stated in the passage that the practice of slavery ----.
- A.
Was the most common in the Roman Empire
- B.
Goes back to ancient times
- C.
Has been abolished by all nations now
- D.
Still exists secretly in many communities today
- E.
Became common in the past mostly due to poverty
- 15.Slavery Slavery is a system under which certain persons are totally deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labor or services. Although outlawed in nearly all countries, slavery is still practiced in some parts of the world. The evidence for slavery predates written records. It can be found in almost all cultures and continents. Historically, most slaves were captured in wars but some persons were sold into slavery by their parents, or by themselves, as a means of surviving extreme conditions. Ancient Warfare often resulted in slavery for prisoners and their families. Captives were often considered the property of those who captured them and were looked upon as a prize of war. Those captured sometimes differed in ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race from their enslavers, but often were the same as the captors. The dominant group in an area might take captives and turn them into slaves. The possibility always existed of reversals of fortune at the height of the Roman Empire, when powerful nations fought among themselves, anyone could find himself enslaved. QUESTION:It can be understood from the passage that the captives of the wars in ancient times ----.
- A.
Were killed as soon as they were caugh
- B.
Were accepted as the property of the leader of the dominant group in an area
- C.
Usually shared certain features in common with the ones who captured them
- D.
Were mostly the civilians as the captured soldiers were quickly execute
- E.
Were turned into slaves and sold to other nations
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