Properties Of Material Quiz (Asphalt)

Asphalt cement is also referred to as paving asphalts. This term is used to describe the specific type of asphalt that is commonly used in the construction of roads and pavements. Asphalt cement is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid that is derived from crude oil. It is mixed with aggregates to create asphalt concrete, which is then used as a durable and flexible surface for roads, parking lots, and other paved areas. The term "paving asphalts" is simply another name for asphalt cement, highlighting its primary use in paving applications.

Bitumen is not a product of asphalt. In fact, it is the other way around. Asphalt is a product of bitumen. Bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, while asphalt is a mixture of bitumen and aggregates used for paving roads and other construction purposes.

The correct answer is "Solid to semisolid". Asphalt is a mixture of bitumen and aggregates, and its consistency can vary depending on factors such as temperature and the amount of bitumen present. At higher temperatures, asphalt becomes more liquid and flowable, while at lower temperatures it solidifies and becomes more solid or semisolid. Therefore, the consistency of asphalt can range from solid to semisolid.

Native asphalt is not found in many parts of the world as deposits of sandstone or limestone with asphalt through a geological process. Native asphalt is actually formed from the natural distillation of petroleum, and it is typically found in specific regions such as the Trinidad Pitch Lake or the La Brea Tar Pits in California. The statement in the question is incorrect, as native asphalt is not commonly found in sandstone or limestone deposits.

The most common bituminous materials include asphalt, tars, and pitch. Bituminous materials are substances that contain a high percentage of bitumen, a black, sticky, and viscous form of petroleum. Asphalt is a widely used bituminous material in road construction and surfacing. Tars are bituminous materials obtained from the destructive distillation of coal or wood, used in waterproofing and roofing. Pitch is a thick, black, and sticky substance obtained from the distillation of coal tar or petroleum, used in various industrial applications. These materials are commonly used due to their waterproofing, adhesive, and binding properties.

Petroleum asphalt is classified into four types: Asphalt Cement, Cutback asphalt, Emulsified asphalt, and Air-blown asphalt. These different types of asphalt have varying properties and uses. Asphalt Cement is a pure form of asphalt that is commonly used in road construction and pavement. Cutback asphalt is asphalt that has been mixed with a solvent to make it easier to handle and apply. Emulsified asphalt is asphalt that has been mixed with water and an emulsifying agent to create a stable mixture that can be used for various applications. Air-blown asphalt is asphalt that has been oxidized by blowing air through it, resulting in a harder and more durable material.

Cutback asphalts and emulsified asphalts are both types of petroleum asphalt that are in liquid form. Cutback asphalts are created by mixing asphalt cement with a petroleum solvent, which makes them easier to handle and apply. Emulsified asphalts, on the other hand, are created by mixing asphalt cement with water and an emulsifying agent, which allows them to be easily mixed and applied at lower temperatures. Both of these types of asphalt are commonly used in various construction and paving applications.

Bitumen is a naturally occurring substance that is found in natural deposits such as oil sands. It is not produced from petroleum crude. Therefore, the statement is false.

Petroleum refining processes are divided into two groups: fractional distillation and destructive distillation. Fractional distillation is a process in which crude oil is heated and separated into different components based on their boiling points. This allows for the extraction of various products such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. Destructive distillation, on the other hand, involves heating organic materials, such as coal or biomass, in the absence of air to produce useful byproducts like coal tar, ammonia, and methane gas. These two processes are essential in the refining of petroleum to obtain different valuable products.