Pneumologie SI NurSIng Specific
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Dispneea este definita ca fiind:
- A.
Oprirea respiratiei
- B.
Patrunderea aerului in plamani
- C.
Respiratie anevoioasa
- D.
Eupnee
Correct Answer
C. Respiratie anevoioasaExplanation
Dispneea este definită ca o respirație anevoioasă, ceea ce înseamnă că persoana are dificultăți în a respira sau simte că nu poate respira suficient de bine. Acest lucru poate fi cauzat de diferite afecțiuni sau boli ale sistemului respirator, cum ar fi astmul, bronșita sau insuficiența cardiacă. Dispneea poate apărea în timpul efortului fizic intens, în repaus sau chiar în timpul somnului. Este important să se identifice și să se trateze cauza dispneei pentru a ameliora simptomele și a îmbunătăți calitatea vieții pacientului.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Dispneea cu scaderea ritmului respirator este:
- A.
Tahipnee
- B.
Bradipnee
- C.
Polipnee
- D.
Eupnee
Correct Answer
B. BradipneeExplanation
Bradipnee is the correct answer because it refers to a decrease in respiratory rate. Dispneea means difficulty in breathing, and scaderea ritmului respirator means a decrease in respiratory rate. Tahipnee refers to an increase in respiratory rate, polipnee refers to rapid or shallow breathing, and eupnee refers to normal breathing. Therefore, bradipnee is the most appropriate term to describe a decrease in respiratory rate.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Tahipneea reprezinta:
- A.
Respiratie anevoioasa
- B.
Patrunderea aerului in plamani
- C.
Cresterea frecventei respiratorii peste 40 resp/min
- D.
Scaderea frecventei respiratorii sub 20 reps/min
Correct Answer
C. Cresterea frecventei respiratorii peste 40 resp/minExplanation
Tahipneea reprezinta cresterea frecventei respiratorii peste 40 resp/min.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Eliminarea sangelui provenit din arborele bronsic reprezinta:
- A.
Hematurie
- B.
Hematemeza
- C.
Vomica
- D.
Hemoptizie
Correct Answer
D. HemoptizieExplanation
Hemoptizie se referă la eliminarea sângelui provenit din arborele bronsic, adică sângele care este tuseați sau expectorat. Hematuria se referă la prezența sângelui în urină, hematemeza se referă la eliminarea sângelui prin vărsături, iar vomica se referă la eliminarea sângelui prin tuse puternică. Prin urmare, dintre toate opțiunile, doar hemoptizia se potrivește cu descrierea dată în întrebare.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Disfagia reprezinta:
- A.
Greutate la inghitire
- B.
Dificultate in digestie
- C.
Lipsa poftei de mancare
- D.
Senzatie de foame exagerata
Correct Answer
A. Greutate la inghitireExplanation
Disfagia reprezintă o dificultate în înghițire, adică o senzație de greutate sau de blocaj în timpul procesului de înghițire.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Respiratia Kussmaul se manifesta prin:
- A.
Bradipnee
- B.
Respiratie in patru timpi: inspiratie - pauza - expiratie - pauza
- C.
Respiratie deficitara permanenta
- D.
Tahipnee
Correct Answer
B. Respiratie in patru timpi: inspiratie - pauza - expiratie - pauzaExplanation
Kussmaul respiration is characterized by a pattern of breathing in four phases: inspiration, pause, expiration, pause. This abnormal breathing pattern is commonly seen in individuals with metabolic acidosis, where the body tries to compensate for the increased acidity in the blood by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. This helps to eliminate excess carbon dioxide and restore the acid-base balance in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "respiratie in patru timpi: inspiratie - pauza - expiratie - pauza."Rate this question:
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- 7.
Eupneea reprezinta:
- A.
Respiratie deficitara
- B.
Respiratie normala
- C.
Cicluri de respiratie inversate
- D.
Cresterea frecventei respiratorii peste 40 resp/min
Correct Answer
B. Respiratie normalaExplanation
Eupneea reprezinta respiratia normala.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Hipoxia reprezinta:
- A.
Cresterea oxigenului in sangele circulant
- B.
Cresterea CO2 in sangele circulant
- C.
Scaderea oxigenului in sangele circulant
- D.
Oprirea respiratiei
Correct Answer
C. Scaderea oxigenului in sangele circulantExplanation
Hipoxia reprezintă scăderea oxigenului în sângele circulant.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Bronsita cronica este o boala inflamatorie ce intereseaza:
- A.
Bronhiile mari
- B.
Pleura
- C.
Toate cele trei variante
- D.
Bronhiile mici
Correct Answer
D. Bronhiile miciExplanation
The correct answer is "bronhiile mici". Bronsita cronica este o boala inflamatorie care afecteaza bronhiile mici. Aceasta afectiune se caracterizeaza prin inflamarea si ingustarea acestor bronhii, ceea ce duce la dificultati respiratorii, tuse cronica si productie excesiva de mucus.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Pentru prevenirea afectiunilor respiratorii pacientul este sfatuit sa:
- A.
Intrerupa fumatul si sa evite mediul poluat
- B.
Pastreze greutatea corporala in raport cu varsta
- C.
Evite practicarea sporturilor de iarna
- D.
Sa respire pe gura in anotimpul rece
Correct Answer
A. Intrerupa fumatul si sa evite mediul poluatExplanation
To prevent respiratory conditions, the patient is advised to quit smoking and avoid polluted environments. Smoking is a major risk factor for respiratory diseases and can lead to chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Avoiding polluted environments, such as areas with heavy air pollution or exposure to harmful chemicals, can also help reduce the risk of respiratory issues. By following these recommendations, the patient can significantly lower their chances of developing respiratory conditions.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Obiectivele de ingrijire in BPOC vizeaza:
- A.
Combaterea obstructiei, inflamatiei, spasmului
- B.
Administrarea penicilinei G
- C.
Administrarea de lichide calde
- D.
Administrarea de nitroglicerina sublingual
Correct Answer
A. Combaterea obstructiei, inflamatiei, spasmuluiExplanation
The objectives of care in BPOC (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) aim to combat obstruction, inflammation, and spasm. This means that the focus of treatment is to alleviate the blockage of airways, reduce inflammation in the lungs, and relax the spasms in the bronchial muscles. These objectives help improve breathing and overall lung function in individuals with BPOC. The other options mentioned, such as administering penicillin G, hot fluids, or sublingual nitroglycerin, are not directly related to the specific objectives of care in BPOC.Rate this question:
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- 12.
BPOC-ul este complicatia:
- A.
Pneumoniei pneumococice
- B.
Astmul bronsic
- C.
Bronsitei cronice
- D.
Ftiziei
Correct Answer
C. Bronsitei croniceExplanation
The correct answer is "bronsitei cronice" because bronchitis is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It is often caused by smoking or exposure to irritants and can lead to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Pneumonia pneumococice, astmul bronsic, and ftiziei are all different conditions and not complications of bronchitis.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Termenul de BPOC reprezinta:
- A.
Pneumotorax spontan
- B.
Bronhopneumopatie obstructiva cronica
- C.
Astm bronsic
- D.
Bronsita cronica
Correct Answer
B. Bronhopneumopatie obstructiva cronicaExplanation
The term BPOC stands for bronhopneumopatie obstructiva cronica, which translates to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in English. This is a chronic lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation and is commonly caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke. BPOC includes conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which lead to symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Asthma (astm bronsic) and bronchitis (bronsita cronica) are separate conditions that can cause similar symptoms but have different underlying causes and treatment approaches.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Combaterea obstructiei in BPOC vizeaza:
- A.
Administrarea de bronhodilatatoare
- B.
Administrarea corticoizilor
- C.
Tratament antibiotic
- D.
Drenaj postural, aspiratie bronsica, spalatura bronsica
Correct Answer
D. Drenaj postural, aspiratie bronsica, spalatura bronsicaExplanation
The correct answer is drenaj postural, aspiratie bronsica, spalatura bronsica. These interventions are aimed at reducing and clearing the mucus and secretions that can obstruct the airways in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Drenaj postural involves positioning the patient in specific positions to promote drainage of secretions from different areas of the lungs. Aspiratie bronsica refers to the suctioning of mucus and secretions from the airways using a suction catheter. Spalatura bronsica, also known as bronchial lavage, involves flushing the airways with saline solution to remove mucus and debris. These interventions can help improve airflow and alleviate symptoms in patients with COPD.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Astmul bronsic in criza se caracterizeaza prin dispnee:
- A.
Paroxistica expiratorie
- B.
Inspiratorie si expiratorie
- C.
Paroxistica inspiratorie
- D.
Biot
Correct Answer
A. Paroxistica expiratorieExplanation
The correct answer is "paroxistica expiratorie." Astmul bronsic in criza is a condition characterized by difficulty in breathing, specifically during expiration. This means that the person experiences shortness of breath and wheezing when exhaling.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Criza de astm bronsic are durata variabila:
- A.
15 min. - 3 ore
- B.
30 min
- C.
2 ore
- D.
2 - 5 min.
Correct Answer
A. 15 min. - 3 oreExplanation
The correct answer is 15 min. - 3 ore. This is because an asthma attack can last anywhere from 15 minutes to 3 hours. The duration can vary depending on the severity of the attack and the effectiveness of the treatment provided.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Sputa din astmul bronsic este:
- A.
Mucopurolenta
- B.
Ruginie
- C.
Alb-sidefie cu aspect perlat
- D.
Hemoptoica
Correct Answer
C. Alb-sidefie cu aspect perlatExplanation
The correct answer is "alb-sidefie cu aspect perlat." This means that the sputum in bronchial asthma is white and pearly in appearance. This can be explained by the fact that in bronchial asthma, there is inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing increased production of mucus. The mucus may appear white and pearly due to the presence of inflammatory cells and proteins.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Conduita de urgenta in astmul bronsic vizeaza:
- A.
Administrarea de bronhodilatatoare, antispastice, simpaticomimetice
- B.
Administrarea de antitusive
- C.
Drenaj postural
- D.
Administrarea de cardiotonice
Correct Answer
A. Administrarea de bronhodilatatoare, antispastice, simpaticomimeticeExplanation
The correct answer is the administration of bronchodilators, antispasmodics, and sympathomimetics. This is because urgent management of bronchial asthma aims to relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow. Bronchodilators help relax the smooth muscles of the airways, antispasmodics help reduce muscle spasms, and sympathomimetics stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to dilate the bronchioles and improve breathing. These medications work together to alleviate the symptoms of bronchial asthma and restore normal respiratory function.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Inflamatia acuta a mucoasei bronsice corespunde:
- A.
Astmului bronsic
- B.
Tuberculozei pulmonare
- C.
Bronsitei cronice
- D.
Bronsitei acute
Correct Answer
D. Bronsitei acuteExplanation
The correct answer is "bronsitei acute." Acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa refers to acute bronchitis, which is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. This condition is characterized by a cough, often with mucus production, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath. It is usually caused by a viral infection and can resolve on its own within a few weeks. Asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic bronchitis are different conditions that may also involve inflammation of the bronchial tubes but have distinct characteristics and causes.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Etiologia bronsitei cronice cuprinde:
- A.
Infectii rino-faringiene sau bronsite acute repetate, fibroze pulmonare
- B.
Bacilul Koch
- C.
Pneumococul
- D.
Stafilococul
Correct Answer
A. Infectii rino-faringiene sau bronsite acute repetate, fibroze pulmonareExplanation
The etiology of chronic bronchitis includes repeated acute bronchitis infections, respiratory tract infections, and pulmonary fibrosis. These factors contribute to the development and progression of chronic bronchitis. The presence of respiratory infections and the repeated inflammation of the bronchial tubes can lead to the chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways characteristic of chronic bronchitis. Additionally, pulmonary fibrosis, the formation of scar tissue in the lungs, can also contribute to the development of chronic bronchitis.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Complicatiile bronsitei cronice pot fi:
- A.
Edemul pulmonar acut
- B.
Emfizemul pulmonar, insuficienta respiratorie
- C.
Pneumotoraxul
- D.
Tuberculoza pulmonara
Correct Answer
B. Emfizemul pulmonar, insuficienta respiratorieExplanation
Complications of chronic bronchitis can include emphysema and respiratory failure. Emphysema is a condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in breathing. Respiratory failure occurs when the lungs are unable to provide enough oxygen to the body or remove enough carbon dioxide. These complications can arise due to the chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways in chronic bronchitis, leading to long-term damage to the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Tratamentul bronsitei cronice vizeaza:
- A.
Reducerea iritatiei bronsice, tratamentul infectiilor rino-faringiene, tratamentul bronhodilatator
- B.
Chimioprofilaxia contactilor
- C.
Administrarea miofilinului si corticoterapiei i.v.
- D.
Administrarea nitroglicerinei sublingual
Correct Answer
A. Reducerea iritatiei bronsice, tratamentul infectiilor rino-faringiene, tratamentul bronhodilatatorExplanation
The treatment for chronic bronchitis aims to reduce bronchial irritation, treat respiratory infections, and provide bronchodilator therapy. This approach helps to alleviate symptoms, improve lung function, and prevent further damage to the airways. Chimioprofilaxia contactilor refers to chemoprophylaxis for contacts, which is not directly related to the treatment of chronic bronchitis. The administration of miofilin and corticosteroids intravenously, as well as sublingual nitroglycerin, are not commonly used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Astmul bronsic este un sindrom caracterizat prin:
- A.
Dispnee paroxistica inspiratorie
- B.
Febra si junghi toracic
- C.
Dispnee paroxistica expiratorie si bradipnee
- D.
Dilatarea bronhiilor mici si mijlocii
Correct Answer
C. Dispnee paroxistica expiratorie si bradipneeExplanation
The correct answer is "dispnee paroxistica expiratorie si bradipnee". Astmul bronsic is a syndrome characterized by episodes of difficulty breathing (dispnee paroxistica expiratorie) that are triggered by certain factors such as exercise, allergens, or stress. During these episodes, the individual may also experience a slow breathing rate (bradipnee). This combination of symptoms is commonly seen in asthma patients.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Aspectul sputei din astmul bronsic este:
- A.
Mucopurulenta
- B.
Rosie ruginie
- C.
Alb-sidefie
- D.
Sanguinolenta
Correct Answer
C. Alb-sidefieExplanation
The correct answer is "alb-sidefie". In asthmatic bronchitis, the sputum can appear as white or pearly in color, which is described as "alb-sidefie" in Romanian. This is a characteristic feature of asthmatic bronchitis and can help differentiate it from other respiratory conditions.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Disfunctia respiratorie din astmul bronsic este:
- A.
Restrictiva
- B.
Obstructiva
- C.
Mixta
- D.
Toate cele trei variante
Correct Answer
B. ObstructivaExplanation
The correct answer is "obstructiva" because asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. This obstruction in the airways is the primary feature of asthma, making it an obstructive respiratory dysfunction. Restrictive dysfunction refers to a decrease in lung volume, which is not a characteristic of asthma. Mixed dysfunction would involve a combination of both restrictive and obstructive features, but asthma primarily presents as obstructive.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Tratamentul crizei astmatice vizeaza:
- A.
Administrarea de bronhodilatatoare si corticoterapie
- B.
Administrarea de antibiotice
- C.
Drenaj postural
- D.
Paracenteza
Correct Answer
A. Administrarea de bronhodilatatoare si corticoterapieExplanation
The correct answer is the administration of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. This is because bronchodilators help to relax and open up the airways, relieving the symptoms of an asthma attack. Corticosteroids, on the other hand, help to reduce inflammation in the airways, providing long-term control and preventing future attacks. Together, these medications are the standard treatment for managing an asthma exacerbation. Antibiotics are not typically indicated unless there is a bacterial infection present, and procedures such as postural drainage and paracentesis are not relevant to the treatment of an asthma attack.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Tabloul clinic al penumoniei pneumococice cuprinde urmatoarele simptome:
- A.
Vomica, febra 37.5 - 38o C, greata
- B.
Expectoratie mucopurulenta, febra in platou
- C.
Hiperpirexie
- D.
Frison unic, febra 39 - 40o C, junghi toracic
Correct Answer
D. Frison unic, febra 39 - 40o C, junghi toracicExplanation
The correct answer is "frison unic, febra 39 - 40o C, junghi toracic" because these symptoms are commonly associated with pneumococcal pneumonia. Frison unic refers to a single episode of chills or shivering, which can be a sign of infection. The fever range of 39 - 40o C is also indicative of an infection, and the junghi toracic (chest pain) is a common symptom of pneumonia. These symptoms together suggest a diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Antibioticul de electie utilizat in tratamentul pneumoniei pneumococice este:
- A.
Penicilina G
- B.
Tetraciclina
- C.
Biseptol
- D.
Miofilin
Correct Answer
A. Penicilina GExplanation
Penicilina G este antibioticul de electie utilizat in tratamentul pneumoniei pneumococice deoarece este eficient impotriva bacteriei Streptococcus pneumoniae, care este cel mai frecvent agent cauzator al pneumoniei pneumococice. Penicilina G este un antibiotic din clasa penicilinelor, care actioneaza prin inhibarea sintezei peretelui celular al bacteriei, ducand astfel la distrugerea acesteia. De asemenea, penicilina G este bine tolerata de pacienti si are un profil de siguranta adecvat. Tetraciclina, Biseptol si Miofilin nu sunt antibiotice de electie pentru tratamentul pneumoniei pneumococice.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Complicatia pneumoniei pneumococica poate fi:
- A.
Pleurezia sero-fibrinoasa
- B.
Emfizemul pulmonar
- C.
Edemul pulmonar acut
- D.
BPOC
Correct Answer
A. Pleurezia sero-fibrinoasaExplanation
Complicatia pneumoniei pneumococica poate fi pleurezia sero-fibrinoasa. Acesta este un proces inflamator care afectează membrana care acoperă plămânii și peretele toracic, numită pleură. Pneumonia pneumococică este cauzată de bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae și poate duce la dezvoltarea pleureziei sero-fibrinoase ca o complicație. Aceasta se caracterizează prin acumularea de lichid și fibrină în spațiul pleural, ceea ce poate determina simptome precum durere toracică, dificultăți respiratorii și febră.Rate this question:
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- 30.
In perioadele febrile din pneumonia pneumococica se recomanda:
- A.
Repaus la pat, regim hidro-zaharat bogat in vitamine
- B.
Regim alimentar desodat
- C.
Consum excesiv de lichide
- D.
Consum excesiv de lipide
Correct Answer
A. Repaus la pat, regim hidro-zaharat bogat in vitamineExplanation
During febrile periods in pneumococcal pneumonia, it is recommended to have bed rest and a diet that is rich in vitamins and high in water and carbohydrates. This helps in supporting the immune system and providing the necessary nutrients for recovery. It is important to avoid excessive intake of lipids and to have a low-sodium diet to prevent complications and promote healing.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Expectoratia in pneumonia pneumococica este:
- A.
Rosie-ruginie, vascoasa, aderenta
- B.
Sidefie-perlata
- C.
Spumoasa, aerata
- D.
Alb-perlata
Correct Answer
A. Rosie-ruginie, vascoasa, aderentaExplanation
The correct answer is "rosie-ruginie, vascoasa, aderenta." In pneumonia pneumococica, the sputum is typically described as being reddish-brown (rosie-ruginie) due to the presence of blood, thick and sticky (vascoasa), and adherent (aderenta). This is because the infection causes inflammation and damage to the lung tissue, leading to the production of sputum that contains blood and is difficult to cough up.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Examenul fizic in pneumonia pneumococica pune in evidenta:
- A.
Leziuni tegumentare
- B.
Leziuni cazeoase
- C.
Leziuni fibro-cavitare
- D.
Sindrom de condensare pulmonara
Correct Answer
D. Sindrom de condensare pulmonaraExplanation
The correct answer is "sindrom de condensare pulmonara". In pneumococcal pneumonia, the physical examination reveals areas of consolidation in the lungs, which is characterized by increased density and decreased air content. This can be observed through techniques such as percussion and auscultation. Lesions tegumentare (skin lesions), leziuni cazeoase (caseous lesions), and leziuni fibro-cavitare (fibro-cavitary lesions) are not typically associated with pneumococcal pneumonia.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Primoinfectia TBC se face pe cale:
- A.
Cutanata
- B.
Aeriana
- C.
Sexuala
- D.
Bucala
Correct Answer
B. AerianaExplanation
The correct answer is "aeriana" which means "airborne" in English. This suggests that the primary infection of tuberculosis (TBC) is transmitted through the air. This is a common mode of transmission for respiratory diseases like tuberculosis, where the bacteria can be expelled into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Inhaling these airborne particles can lead to the transmission of the disease.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Leziunile caracteristice tuberculozei primare sunt urmatoarele, cu exceptia:
- A.
Sancrul de inoculare, adenopatiile traheo-bronsice
- B.
Leziuni condensate
- C.
Leziuni cavitare
- D.
Adenopatiile traheobronsice
Correct Answer
C. Leziuni cavitareExplanation
The characteristic lesions of primary tuberculosis include the inoculation ulcer, tracheobronchial adenopathies, and consolidated lesions. However, the presence of cavitary lesions is not typical of primary tuberculosis.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Leziunea primitiva in TBC se numeste:
- A.
Adenopatie traheo-bronsica
- B.
Tuberculoza miliara
- C.
Leziune cavitara
- D.
Sancru de inoculare
Correct Answer
D. Sancru de inoculareExplanation
The correct answer is "sancru de inoculare". In tuberculosis, the primary lesion is called "sancru de inoculare" which refers to the initial site of infection where the bacteria enters the body. This term is used to describe the characteristic ulcer that forms at the site of infection. It is an important feature of tuberculosis and signifies the primary stage of the disease.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Diagnosticul de primoinfectie se pune pe:
- A.
Virajul la tuberculina si aspectul radiologic
- B.
Teste de sensibilizare
- C.
Bronhografie
- D.
Foliculul tuberculos
Correct Answer
A. Virajul la tuberculina si aspectul radiologicExplanation
The correct answer is "virajul la tuberculina si aspectul radiologic". This means that the diagnosis of primary infection is based on the tuberculin skin test (virajul la tuberculina) and the radiological appearance (aspectul radiologic). These two factors are used to determine if a person has been infected with tuberculosis for the first time. The tuberculin skin test measures the immune response to the tuberculosis bacteria, while the radiological appearance refers to the findings on chest X-rays or other imaging tests that may indicate the presence of tuberculosis infection.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Metoda utilizata in depistarea tuberculozei primare este IDR la:
- A.
Antimicotice
- B.
Tuberculina
- C.
Antibiotice
- D.
Antivirale
Correct Answer
B. TuberculinaExplanation
The correct answer is "tuberculina" because it is the method used in the detection of primary tuberculosis. Tuberculin skin testing, also known as the Mantoux test, is a widely used method for diagnosing tuberculosis infection. It involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin, which is a purified protein derivative derived from the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, into the skin. If a person has been infected with tuberculosis, their immune system will react to the tuberculin, causing a localized skin reaction at the injection site. This reaction is then measured and interpreted to determine if the person has been infected with tuberculosis.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Profilaxia tuberculozei vizeaza urmatoarele obiective, cu exceptia:
- A.
Intarirea rezistentei nespecifice a organismului
- B.
Vaccinare antituberculoasa
- C.
Vaccinare antigripala
- D.
Izolarea pacientului
Correct Answer
C. Vaccinare antigripalaExplanation
The correct answer is "vaccinare antigripala". Profilaxia tuberculozei (tuberculosis prophylaxis) aims to strengthen the non-specific resistance of the body, administer anti-tuberculosis vaccines, and isolate the patient. However, vaccinare antigripala (anti-influenza vaccination) is not a part of tuberculosis prophylaxis.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Leziunea caracteristica ftiziei este:
- A.
Sancrul de inoculare
- B.
Caverna
- C.
Adenopatia satelita
- D.
Granulia
Correct Answer
B. CavernaExplanation
The characteristic lesion of tuberculosis is a cavity or hollow space in the lung tissue, known as a caverna. This is formed when the infection causes the destruction of lung tissue, leading to the formation of a cavity. Cavernas are a hallmark feature of tuberculosis and can be seen on imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans. They are important in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, as the presence of cavernas indicates active disease and may require specific treatment strategies.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Formele clinice de ftizie sunt urmatoarele, cu exceptia:
- A.
Primoinfectia oculta
- B.
Tuberculoza fibro-cazeoasa cavitara
- C.
Tuberculoza fibroasa
- D.
Tuberculoza infiltrativa
Correct Answer
A. Primoinfectia ocultaExplanation
The given options are different forms of tuberculosis. Primoinfectia oculta is not a form of tuberculosis, which is why it is the exception among the listed options.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Tratamentul etiologic al tuberculozei se realizeaza prin:
- A.
Corticoterapie
- B.
Antiinflamatoare
- C.
Antibiotice
- D.
Tuberculostatice
Correct Answer
D. TuberculostaticeExplanation
The correct answer is tuberculostatice. Tuberculostatice are drugs specifically designed to inhibit the growth and replication of the tuberculosis-causing bacteria. They are the mainstay of treatment for tuberculosis, as they directly target the underlying cause of the disease. Corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs may be used as adjunctive therapy to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms, but they do not directly treat the bacteria. Antibiotics, on the other hand, are a broad category of drugs used to treat various bacterial infections, but specific tuberculostatic drugs are needed for effective treatment of tuberculosis.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Hemoptizia reprezinta hemoragia:
- A.
Otorinolaringiana
- B.
Nazala
- C.
Provenita din arborele bronsic
- D.
Hemoragia gingivala
Correct Answer
C. Provenita din arborele bronsicExplanation
Hemoptizia reprezinta hemoragia provenita din arborele bronsic. Hemoptizia se refera la sangerarea provenita din tractul respirator inferior, mai precis din bronhii si plamani. Aceasta poate fi cauzata de diverse afectiuni, cum ar fi infectii respiratorii, tumori sau traumatisme. Este important sa se identifice sursa sangerarii pentru a putea stabili diagnosticul corect si a initia tratamentul adecvat.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Dispneea cu cresterea frecventei ritmului respirator reprezinta:
- A.
Tahicardie
- B.
Tahipnee
- C.
Bradipnee
- D.
Eupnee
Correct Answer
B. TahipneeExplanation
Tahipnee este o crestere a frecventei ritmului respirator, ceea ce inseamna ca persoana respira mai rapid decat de obicei. Dispneea se refera la dificultatea de a respira sau la senzatia de lipsa de aer, iar tahipnee poate fi un simptom al dispneei. Prin urmare, tahipnee este raspunsul corect pentru ca se potriveste cel mai bine cu descrierea data.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Dispneea, in bolile pulmonare, este datorata:
- A.
Scaderii aportului de oxigen, cresterii cantitatii de CO2 si obstructiei cailor respiratorii
- B.
Contaminarii cu pneumococ
- C.
Comprimarii organelor abdominale
- D.
Cresterii aportului de oxigen
Correct Answer
A. Scaderii aportului de oxigen, cresterii cantitatii de CO2 si obstructiei cailor respiratoriiExplanation
Dispnea, or shortness of breath, in pulmonary diseases is caused by a decrease in oxygen supply, an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), and the obstruction of the respiratory airways. These factors can lead to difficulty in breathing and a sensation of not getting enough air. Contamination with pneumococci, compression of abdominal organs, or an increase in oxygen supply are not directly related to the development of dispnea in pulmonary diseases.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Declansarea hemoptiziei este precedata de:
- A.
Senzatie de voma
- B.
Caldura retrosternala si jena respiratorie
- C.
Varsatura
- D.
Epistaxis
Correct Answer
B. Caldura retrosternala si jena respiratorieExplanation
The correct answer is "caldura retrosternala si jena respiratorie." This means that the onset of hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is preceded by a feeling of warmth behind the breastbone and respiratory discomfort. This suggests that the person may experience a sensation of heat or burning in the chest area and have difficulty breathing before coughing up blood. The other options, such as nausea, vomiting, and nosebleeds (epistaxis), are not mentioned as preceding symptoms of hemoptysis.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Durerea toracica poate avea drept cauze:
- A.
Afectiuni cardiovasculare
- B.
Afectiuni pleuropulmonare
- C.
Afectiuni cardiovasculare si pleuropulmonare
- D.
Afectiuni gastrice
Correct Answer
C. Afectiuni cardiovasculare si pleuropulmonareExplanation
Durerea toracică poate avea drept cauze atât afecțiuni cardiovasculare, cât și afecțiuni pleuropulmonare. Aceste două tipuri de afecțiuni pot provoca simptome similare, cum ar fi durerea în piept, dificultatea de respirație și senzația de constricție. Afecțiunile cardiovasculare includ angina pectorală, infarctul miocardic și insuficiența cardiacă, în timp ce afecțiunile pleuropulmonare pot include pneumonie, embolie pulmonară și pleurezie. Prin urmare, este important să se efectueze investigații suplimentare pentru a determina cauza exactă a durerii toracice și a institui tratamentul adecvat.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Definitia astmului bronsic include, cu exceptia:
- A.
Reducerea ireversibila a diametrului bronhiilor
- B.
Dispnee expiratorie
- C.
Reducerea reversibila a diametrului bronhiilor
- D.
Raluri sibilante
Correct Answer
A. Reducerea ireversibila a diametrului bronhiilorExplanation
The correct answer is "reducerea ireversibila a diametrului bronhiilor." The definition of bronchial asthma includes symptoms such as expiratory dyspnea, reversible reduction of bronchial diameter, and wheezing. However, irreversible reduction of bronchial diameter is not a characteristic of asthma.Rate this question:
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- 48.
O complicatie a penumoniei este:
- A.
Bronsita cronica
- B.
Emfizemul pulmonar
- C.
Insuficienta renala
- D.
Pleurezia sero-fibrinoasa
Correct Answer
D. Pleurezia sero-fibrinoasaExplanation
One possible complication of pneumonia is pleurisy, specifically sero-fibrinous pleurisy. Pleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura, the thin membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity. In sero-fibrinous pleurisy, there is an accumulation of fluid and fibrin in the pleural space, leading to chest pain and difficulty breathing. This complication can occur as a result of the infection spreading to the pleura or as an immune response to the infection.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Simptomul sugestiv pentru TBC este:
- A.
Febra 40o - 41 oC
- B.
Tuse seaca persistenta peste 3 saptamani
- C.
Frison unic: 30 - 40 min
- D.
Hiperpirexie
Correct Answer
B. Tuse seaca persistenta peste 3 saptamaniExplanation
The suggestive symptom for tuberculosis (TBC) is a persistent dry cough for more than 3 weeks. This symptom is indicative of TBC because it is a common characteristic of the disease. Other symptoms such as high fever (40-41°C), a single episode of chills (30-40 minutes), and hyperpyrexia may also be present in TBC, but the most specific and reliable symptom is the persistent dry cough.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Spirografia exploreaza:
- A.
Volumele pulmonare dupa efort
- B.
Arborele traheo-bronsic, folosind substanta de contrast
- C.
Volumele si capacitatile pulmonare
- D.
Volumele pulmonare in timpul efortului
Correct Answer
C. Volumele si capacitatile pulmonareExplanation
Spirografia explorează volumele și capacitățile pulmonare. Această metodă de testare măsoară cantitatea de aer pe care o poate reține și expulza plămânul, precum și capacitatea plămânilor de a se ventila eficient. Prin urmare, spirometria este utilizată pentru a evalua funcția pulmonară și pentru a diagnostica afecțiuni respiratorii, cum ar fi astmul sau boala pulmonară obstructivă cronică (BPOC).Rate this question:
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