Pharmacology Quiz: Hormonal Contraception!
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Which one of the following hormones directly controls the menstrual cycle?
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Estrogen
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Progesterone
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Follicle stimulation hormone
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Luteinizing hormone
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TWO of the above
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With the economy of most countries being too hard to predict people have resulted in using contraceptives as a way of managing the population. This being said there are some drugs that will work perfectly on one patient but won’t for the other. How much do you know about hormonal contraception from your pharmacology exam? Take up this quiz and See moreget to find out!
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- 2.
FSH and LH have pulsatile release that is regulated by what hormone?
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Estrogen
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Progesterone
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Gonadotropin releasing hormone
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Androgen
Correct Answer
A. Gonadotropin releasing hormoneExplanation
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are released in a pulsatile manner, meaning they are released in bursts or pulses rather than continuously. This pulsatile release is regulated by the hormone called gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is produced and released by the hypothalamus in the brain, and it stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. Therefore, the correct answer is gonadotropin releasing hormone.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Luteinizing hormone is responsible for the increase in production of which of the following TWO hormones?
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Androgen
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Estrogen
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Progesterone
Correct Answer(s)
A. Androgen
A. ProgesteroneExplanation
Luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of androgen and progesterone. Androgens are male sex hormones that are responsible for the development of male characteristics, such as facial hair and deepening of the voice. Progesterone is a female sex hormone that plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Therefore, luteinizing hormone is responsible for increasing the production of both androgen and progesterone.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for the increase in production of which of the following hormones?
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Androgen
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Estrogen
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Progesterone
Correct Answer
A. EstrogenExplanation
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for the increase in production of estrogen. FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females, which then produce estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system, including the growth of the endometrium, the development of secondary sexual characteristics, and the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, FSH indirectly stimulates the production of estrogen in the body.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone is release from the __________ to work on the ________ to release LH and FSH.
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Ovary, uterus
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Hypothalamus, pituitary
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Pituitary, ovary
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Hypothalmus, uterus
Correct Answer
A. Hypothalamus, pituitaryExplanation
Gonadotropin releasing hormone is released from the hypothalamus to work on the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The menstrual cycle phase in which uterine endometrium proliferation on days 1-14 is called the:
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Follicular phase
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Luteal phase
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Shedding of the endometrium
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TWO of the above
Correct Answer
A. Follicular phaseExplanation
The correct answer is the follicular phase. This is the phase in the menstrual cycle where the uterine endometrium starts to thicken and proliferate in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. It occurs during the first half of the cycle, approximately from days 1 to 14. The luteal phase, on the other hand, occurs after ovulation and is characterized by the development of the corpus luteum. The shedding of the endometrium refers to the menstrual phase, which occurs if fertilization does not occur and the thickened lining is shed. Therefore, the correct answer is the follicular phase.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The luteal/secretory phase in which the ruptured follicle becomes a corpus luteum and is secretory produces which of the following hormones?
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Androgen
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Estrogen
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Progesterone
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Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Correct Answer
A. ProgesteroneExplanation
During the luteal/secretory phase, the ruptured follicle transforms into a corpus luteum, which is responsible for producing progesterone. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and maintaining pregnancy. It helps in thickening the uterine lining, inhibiting uterine contractions, and promoting the development of blood vessels. Therefore, progesterone is the hormone produced during the luteal/secretory phase.Rate this question:
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- 8.
During the follicular phase, the developing follicle secretes estrogen. This estrogen does all of the following EXCEPT:
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Causes follicular rupture
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Feedback to anterior pituitary to decrease FSH
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Stimulates proliferation of the endometrium
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Feedback to anterior pituitary to decrease LH
Correct Answer
A. Causes follicular ruptureExplanation
During the follicular phase, the developing follicle secretes estrogen, which has various effects on the female reproductive system. It stimulates the proliferation of the endometrium, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Estrogen also provides negative feedback to the anterior pituitary, reducing the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). However, estrogen does not directly cause follicular rupture. Instead, follicular rupture occurs during the ovulatory phase, when a surge in LH triggers the release of the mature egg from the follicle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
At midcycle, the sustained peak estrogen levels reverses the feedback loop to positive feedback. This will stimulate the predominant release of which hormone?
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FSH
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Estrogen
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Progesterone
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LH
Correct Answer
A. LHExplanation
During midcycle, the sustained peak estrogen levels cause a reversal in the feedback loop, leading to positive feedback. This positive feedback stimulates the release of LH (luteinizing hormone), which plays a crucial role in ovulation. LH surge triggers the release of the mature egg from the ovary, preparing it for fertilization. Therefore, LH is the hormone predominantly released in response to the reversed feedback loop caused by high estrogen levels.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The LH surge that occurs midcycle does which of the following?
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Follicular rupture
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Ovulation
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Slowed estrogen synthesis
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Stimulates progesterone synthesis
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
The LH surge that occurs midcycle causes a series of events in the female reproductive system. It leads to follicular rupture, which is the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This is known as ovulation. Additionally, the LH surge slows down estrogen synthesis, which helps prepare the body for pregnancy. Finally, it stimulates progesterone synthesis, which is necessary for the maintenance of the uterine lining and the support of a potential pregnancy. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Under control of LH, the ruptured follicle differentiates into the corpus luteum and secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT:
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Estrogen
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FSH
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Progesterone
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The corpus luteum secretes ALL of the above hormones
Correct Answer
A. FSHExplanation
LH (luteinizing hormone) is responsible for triggering ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation. It secretes hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are crucial for preparing the uterus for possible implantation of a fertilized egg. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is not secreted by the corpus luteum; instead, it is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of follicles in the ovary. Therefore, the correct answer is FSH.Rate this question:
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- 12.
If fertilization does not occur, all of the following occur EXCEPT:
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Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease abruptly
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LH and FSH levels decrease
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Sloughing or shedding of endometrial lining occurs
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Development of a new follicle
Correct Answer
A. LH and FSH levels decreaseExplanation
If fertilization does not occur, the levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease abruptly because these hormones are primarily produced by the corpus luteum, which forms after ovulation. In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in hormone production. Additionally, the sloughing or shedding of the endometrial lining occurs during menstruation, which is triggered by the decrease in hormone levels. However, the development of a new follicle is not affected by the absence of fertilization. The levels of LH and FSH, which stimulate follicle development and ovulation, respectively, also decrease when fertilization does not occur.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The pharmacology behind pregnancy tests assays for which of the following hormones to detect a positive pregnancy?
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Elevated estrogen and progesterone levels
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Luteinizing hormone
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Chorionic gonadotropin
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Gonadotropin releasing hormone
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NONE of the above
Correct Answer
A. Chorionic gonadotropinExplanation
The correct answer is chorionic gonadotropin. Pregnancy tests detect the presence of this hormone in a woman's urine or blood. Chorionic gonadotropin is produced by the developing placenta after implantation occurs. Its levels rise rapidly in the early stages of pregnancy and can be detected by the test. Elevated estrogen and progesterone levels are also associated with pregnancy, but they are not specifically targeted by pregnancy tests. Luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone are involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, but they are not directly related to pregnancy.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Oral contraceptive act primarily to prevent ovulation by:
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Stimulating estrogen and progesterone release
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Increase FSH and LH secretion
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Decrease FSH and LH secretion
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TWO of the above are true
Correct Answer
A. Decrease FSH and LH secretionExplanation
Oral contraceptives primarily work by decreasing the secretion of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). These hormones are responsible for stimulating the release of an egg from the ovary (ovulation). By reducing the levels of FSH and LH, oral contraceptives prevent the maturation and release of an egg, thus preventing pregnancy. This mechanism of action is effective in preventing ovulation and is one of the main ways in which oral contraceptives work.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Aside from GnRH suppression, how else do oral contraceptive work?
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Reduce sperm transport in upper genital tract
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Change endometrium to decrease likelihood of implantation
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Thicken cervical mucus
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HPA axis suppression
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
Oral contraceptives work by reducing sperm transport in the upper genital tract, changing the endometrium to decrease the likelihood of implantation, thickening cervical mucus, and suppressing the HPA axis. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the effectiveness of oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Intrauterine devices prevent pregnancies via what mechanism of action?
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HPA axis suppression
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Reduce sperm transport
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Change endometrium to make implantation less likely
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Thicken cervical mucus
Correct Answer
A. Change endometrium to make implantation less likelyExplanation
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) prevent pregnancies by changing the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, to make implantation of a fertilized egg less likely. This means that even if fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg will have difficulty attaching to the uterus and developing further. This mechanism of action makes IUDs highly effective in preventing pregnancies.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the mechanism of the action of mifepristone (RU-486)?
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Progesterone receptor agonist
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Progesterone receptor antagonist
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Estrogen receptor agonist
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Estrogen receptor antagonist
Correct Answer
A. Progesterone receptor antagonistExplanation
Mifepristone (RU-486) is a progesterone receptor antagonist. It works by binding to the progesterone receptors and blocking the effects of progesterone. This leads to the inhibition of progesterone's actions, including the maintenance of pregnancy. As a result, mifepristone can be used for medical abortion, as it causes the detachment of the embryo from the uterine wall and induces contractions to expel the pregnancy. Additionally, mifepristone has other uses, such as in the treatment of certain hormone-dependent tumors and for cervical ripening prior to surgical abortion or induction of labor.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Clomiphene, an antiestrogen used for infertility performs all of the following except?
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Disrupt negative feedback of estrogen in HPA
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Increases GnRH
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Decreases LH & FSH
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Encourages the maturation of multiple follicles
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Decreases LH & FSHExplanation
Clomiphene is an antiestrogen used for infertility that works by disrupting the negative feedback of estrogen in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPA) axis. This disruption leads to an increase in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. This increased release of LH and FSH encourages the maturation of multiple follicles, increasing the chances of ovulation and pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is that clomiphene does not decrease LH and FSH, but rather increases their release.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 31, 2010Quiz Created by
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