Qual Das Seguintes Frases Esta Errada?

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The correct answer is "na mitocôndria." The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, takes place in the mitochondria of cells. It is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the presence of oxygen and are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and are where cellular respiration occurs, making them the correct location for the Krebs cycle.

The correct answer is that cholesterol reduces the fluidity of the membrane by inserting itself between the tails of phospholipids. Cholesterol is a lipid molecule that is found in the plasma membrane. Its presence helps to regulate the fluidity of the membrane by interacting with the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids. By inserting itself between these tails, cholesterol restricts the movement of the phospholipids, making the membrane less fluid. This can have important implications for the functioning of the membrane and the cells it surrounds.

O transporte ativo primário fornece o gradiente eletroquímico para o co-transporte, o que significa que utiliza energia para mover substâncias contra seu gradiente de concentração ou carga elétrica. Essa energia é obtida através da hidrólise do ATP, que resulta na criação de um gradiente eletroquímico através da membrana celular. Esse gradiente é então utilizado pelo co-transporte para mover outras substâncias através da membrana, aproveitando a energia armazenada no gradiente eletroquímico.

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Cholesterol reduces the fluidity of the membrane by inserting itself between the tails of the phospholipids.

Microtubules are filaments that make up cilia and flagella.

The loss of proof-reading activity in DNA polymerase in E.coli would decrease the fidelity of DNA synthesis, meaning that there would be more errors in the newly synthesized DNA. This is because the proof-reading activity of DNA polymerase helps to correct any mistakes that occur during DNA synthesis. However, the loss of proof-reading activity would also increase the speed of DNA synthesis, as the enzyme would not spend time correcting errors. Therefore, the overall effect would be a decrease in fidelity and an increase in speed of DNA synthesis.

Cristas mitocondriais são invaginações da membrana interna da mitocôndria. Isso significa que elas são dobras ou pregas na membrana interna, que aumentam a superfície disponível para as reações metabólicas que ocorrem na mitocôndria. Essas invaginações são importantes para a produção de ATP, pois é na membrana interna que ocorre a cadeia respiratória e a fosforilação oxidativa, processos responsáveis pela produção de energia na forma de ATP. Portanto, as cristas mitocondriais desempenham um papel fundamental na função metabólica das mitocôndrias.

The correct answer is that the v-SNAREs from the membrane of a vesicle bind to the t-SNAREs from the membrane of a sac. This is a process called membrane fusion, which is essential for the transport of proteins and other molecules within the cell. SNARE proteins play a crucial role in this fusion process by mediating the interaction between vesicles and target membranes. The v-SNAREs on the vesicle membrane specifically recognize and bind to the complementary t-SNAREs on the target membrane, leading to the fusion of the two membranes and the release of the vesicle's contents.

The correct answer is "O TP contém as sequências de intrões e exões." This is because the primary transcript (TP) in eukaryotes contains both intron and exon sequences. In eukaryotic gene expression, the primary transcript is initially synthesized as a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA), which undergoes splicing to remove the introns and join the exons together to form the mature mRNA. Therefore, the primary transcript contains both intron and exon sequences before splicing occurs.

The correct answer is that the G2 phase is the phase of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells between the end of cytokinesis and the start of DNA synthesis. This statement is incorrect because the G2 phase actually occurs after DNA synthesis (S phase) and before mitosis (M phase).

Transporte ativo é um processo que requer uma molécula transportadora localizada no interior da membrana plasmática. Essa molécula atua como uma espécie de "carregador" que permite a passagem de substâncias através da membrana, contra um gradiente de concentração. Diferente do transporte passivo, que ocorre de forma espontânea, o transporte ativo requer gasto de energia celular para que ocorra. Portanto, a presença de uma molécula transportadora é essencial para que esse processo aconteça.

Telomeres are repetitive sequences of DNA that are located at the ends of chromosomes. They serve to protect the genetic material and prevent the loss of important genetic information during DNA replication. Telomeres also play a role in cell aging and senescence. Therefore, the statement "Correspondem a repetições dos cromossomas" (Correspond to repetitions of chromosomes) accurately describes the function and structure of telomeres.

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The correct answer is "ácido pirúvico, ATP e NADH." During aerobic degradation of glucose in the cytoplasm of muscle cells, glucose is broken down through a series of reactions known as glycolysis. This process produces pyruvic acid, which can then enter the mitochondria for further energy production. ATP is also generated during glycolysis, providing immediate energy for the cell. Additionally, NADH is produced as a result of glycolysis, which can be used in the electron transport chain to generate more ATP.

The production of ATP in photosynthesis occurs through the movement of protons through an ATP synthase. This process, known as chemiosmosis, involves the movement of protons across a membrane, which creates a proton gradient. The ATP synthase enzyme then uses this gradient to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP. This is the main mechanism by which ATP is generated in photosynthesis, allowing plants and other photosynthetic organisms to store and utilize energy.

Durante a fotossíntese, o NADPH é produzido a partir de reações de oxirredução no fotossistema I. Isso ocorre quando a energia da luz é absorvida pelos pigmentos fotossintéticos no fotossistema I, que então passa por uma série de reações químicas, incluindo a oxidação de moléculas de água para liberar oxigênio e a redução do NADP+ para formar NADPH. O NADPH é uma molécula energizada que é utilizada na fase dependente da luz da fotossíntese para fornecer elétrons necessários para a produção de ATP e para reduzir o dióxido de carbono em açúcares.

The production of ATP in photosynthesis results from the movement of protons through an ATP synthase. This process, known as chemiosmosis, occurs in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. During photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules, which excite electrons and create a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. The protons then move through the ATP synthase enzyme, which uses their energy to produce ATP. This is the main mechanism by which ATP is generated in photosynthesis.

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes responsible for breaking down various molecules, including nucleic acids and proteins. These enzymes help in the digestion and recycling of cellular waste materials. Therefore, the correct answer is "Enzimas que digerem ácidos nucleicos e proteínas" which means "Enzymes that digest nucleic acids and proteins."

The main products of the Krebs cycle, in addition to intermediate metabolites, are coenzymes NADH and FADH2, CO2, and GTP. These products are formed through a series of reactions in the mitochondria, where acetyl-CoA is oxidized and carbon dioxide is released. The coenzymes NADH and FADH2 carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where ATP is ultimately produced. GTP is also generated during the cycle and can be converted to ATP. Therefore, the correct answer is coenzymes NADH and FADH2, CO2, and GTP.

The given statement is incorrect because bicamellar lipids are indeed fluid but they are also asymmetric. The lipid molecules in the bilayer can move freely within the plane of the bilayer, but they cannot flip-flop across the entire bilayer without the presence of enzymatic catalysts called phospholipid translocators. Additionally, gylcolipids can be found on the cytoplasmic face of cell membranes, and aqueous suspensions of phospholipids can form artificial phospholipid bilayer vesicles. Phosphatidylcholine is indeed the most abundant phospholipid in animal cell membranes.

The correct answer is "está envolvido na síntese de lípidos." This is because the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis in the cell. It does not originate lysosomes, consist of 70% proteins and 30% lipids, or contain ribosomes on its surface. The synthesis of secretory proteins occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, not the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

The correct answer is "Os cloroplastos têm um ADN que codifica todas as proteínas de que são constituídos." This statement is true because chloroplasts, which are found in plant cells, contain their own DNA and are capable of producing their own proteins. This DNA encodes the information necessary for the synthesis of proteins within the chloroplasts.

Desmossomas são estruturas especializadas que estão associadas com filamentos intermédios, como a queratina, e são responsáveis por conferir aderência entre células adjacentes. Essa aderência é importante para a integridade e estabilidade dos tecidos, garantindo que as células permaneçam unidas mesmo sob tensão mecânica. Os desmossomas atuam como pontos de ancoragem, mantendo as células firmemente conectadas e impedindo que se separem facilmente.

Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis. There are 20 different amino acids that make up proteins, and there is a specific tRNA molecule for each amino acid. These tRNA molecules have an anticodon sequence that is complementary to the codon sequence on the mRNA, allowing them to recognize and bind to the appropriate amino acid. Therefore, the statement "Existe um RNA de transferência para cada aminoácido que faz parte das proteínas" is correct.

The correct answer is "Tem a possibilidade de reconhecer e adicionar moléculas que funcionam como sinais de processamento proteico." This is because the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. It accomplishes this by recognizing specific molecules and adding them to the proteins, which act as signals for further processing.

The statement "O ciclo de Calvin realiza-se no citosol" is not true. The Calvin cycle, also known as the dark reaction or the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis, takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts, not in the cytosol. The other statements are true: bacteriodopsin transports protons in cyanobacteria, the antenna complex captures light energy and channels photons to the photochemical reaction center, electrons from chlorophyll move along the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane, and ATP produced in the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis crosses the chloroplast membrane by exchanging with ADP.

The correct answer is that the distribution of phospholipids is asymmetric in the plasma membrane. This means that the phospholipids are not evenly distributed on both sides of the membrane. This asymmetry is important for various cellular processes, such as cell signaling and membrane trafficking. It allows for the formation of specialized regions or domains within the membrane, which play a crucial role in maintaining the overall structure and function of the cell.

RNA synthesis, also known as transcription, occurs in the nucleus of a cell and involves the use of DNA as a template. The DNA molecule consists of two complementary strands, and during transcription, one of these strands is used as a template to synthesize an RNA molecule. This means that the RNA can be synthesized using either strand of the DNA as a template, as long as the appropriate RNA nucleotides are used. Therefore, the statement "Como numa das duas cadeias de ADN são complementares, o ARN de um dado gene pode ser sintetizado utilizando qualquer uma das cadeias como molde" is correct.

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because there are multiple codons that can code for the same amino acid. This redundancy in the genetic code allows for flexibility and robustness in protein synthesis, as a mutation in one codon may not necessarily result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein.

The term "termidor" is not a correct term in molecular biology. The correct term is "promotor", which refers to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

The given answer correctly states that all the options provided in the question are incorrect. This means that none of the statements mentioned in the question are true.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are responsible for carrying specific amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific to one type of amino acid, so there is a tRNA molecule for each amino acid that is part of proteins. This ensures that the correct amino acids are brought to the ribosomes to be incorporated into the growing protein chain. Therefore, the correct statement is "Existe um ARN de transferência para cada aminoácido que faz parte das proteínas." which translates to "There is a transfer RNA for each amino acid that is part of proteins."

The correct answer is the option that states "Antiporte de Na+ - H+ conjugado com transporte activo de Na+ - K+ e difusão K+." This is because the question mentions that cells can increase their intracellular pH when they become too acidic by exchanging external Na+ for internal H+. The mechanism described in the answer choice involves the antiport of Na+ and H+, which helps to restore homeostasis by actively transporting Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell, while also allowing for the diffusion of K+ ions.

Proteínas sintetizadas pelos ribossomos necessitam de ter um péptido sinal para serem depositadas no retículo endoplasmático. Isso significa que elas precisam de um sinal específico em sua sequência de aminoácidos para serem direcionadas e transportadas para o retículo endoplasmático. Esse sinal é reconhecido por receptores no retículo endoplasmático, que permitem a entrada das proteínas nesse organelo.

The correct answer states that the Golgi apparatus has the ability to recognize and add molecules that function as signals in protein processing. This is an important function of the Golgi apparatus as it plays a crucial role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport to their final destinations within the cell or for secretion outside of the cell. By recognizing and adding molecules that serve as signals, the Golgi apparatus ensures that proteins are correctly processed and directed to their appropriate locations.

The sliding clamp is a protein complex that encircles the double helix of DNA and binds to DNA polymerase, keeping it firmly attached to the DNA while it is moving. This allows for efficient and accurate DNA replication.

Para a transcrição do ADN dos procariotas, são necessários factores sigma, ARN polimerase, ribonucleótidos e uma das cadeias de ARN com um promotor. Os factores sigma são proteínas que ajudam a ARN polimerase a reconhecer e se ligar ao promotor do ADN. A ARN polimerase é a enzima responsável pela síntese do ARN a partir do ADN. Os ribonucleótidos são os blocos de construção do ARN, que são adicionados à cadeia em crescimento durante a transcrição. Portanto, todos esses componentes são necessários para a transcrição correta do ADN em procariotas.

Um inibidor competitivo se liga ao sítio ativo da enzima, competindo diretamente com o substrato. Isso resulta em um aumento na constante de Michaelis-Menten (Km), que é uma medida da afinidade da enzima pelo substrato. Um aumento em Km indica que a enzima tem uma afinidade reduzida pelo substrato e, portanto, requer uma concentração maior de substrato para atingir a mesma velocidade de reação. A velocidade máxima de reação (Vmax) não é afetada por um inibidor competitivo.

The correct answer is "Somente quando o triptofano está ausente." This means that the fused operation will only be expressed in the strain when tryptophan is not present. This suggests that the fusion operation is regulated by the presence or absence of tryptophan in the environment.

In the electron transport chain in the chloroplast, the transfer of electrons between certain carriers causes a movement of protons from the stroma to the interior of the thylakoids. This movement of protons is known as chemiosmosis and is essential for the production of ATP during photosynthesis. The movement of protons creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane, which is then used by ATP synthase to generate ATP.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for receiving and processing proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins before they are transported to their final destination within the cell or outside of it. The Golgi apparatus consists of a series of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae, and each cisterna has a specific function in protein processing. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Golgi apparatus receives and processes proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Esta resposta é a correta porque segue a sequência lógica e correta dos eventos durante a duplicação da cadeia dupla de ADN. Primeiro, ocorre a abertura das cadeias molde de ADN. Em seguida, o ARN é formado por complementariedade ao ADN molde. Depois, os desoxirribonucleótidos são adicionados para formar a nova cadeia de ADN. Por fim, os fragmentos de RNA são removidos para completar o processo de duplicação.

Os filamentos de actina citoesquelética não revestem o interior do envelope nuclear. Eles são responsáveis pela citocinese, correspondem aos filamentos finos do aparelho de contração muscular, formam-se por polimerização de uma proteína monomérica usando ATP e dão à célula eucariótica sua forma e capacidade de movimento dirigido.

In the dark phase of photosynthesis, CO2 and NADPH are utilized to form sugars. This process, known as the Calvin cycle or the light-independent reactions, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. During this phase, CO2 is fixed and converted into organic molecules, such as glucose, using the energy and reducing power provided by NADPH. This process is essential for the production of carbohydrates, which serve as a source of energy for the plant and for other organisms that consume plants.

As subunidades ribossomais são sintetizadas no núcleo dos eucariotas e se associam a proteínas ribossomais. Em seguida, elas atravessam os poros nucleares e são transportadas para o citoplasma. Esta afirmação está correta porque descreve o processo de síntese das subunidades ribossomais e sua localização no núcleo antes de serem transportadas para o citoplasma.

The correct answer is "regiões inactivas de transcrição". This is because heterochromatin refers to tightly packed DNA that is not actively transcribed. Inactive transcription regions are characterized by condensed chromatin and are not involved in gene expression.

The given statement suggests that the consequences of transcription errors are less severe compared to DNA replication errors. This means that mistakes made during the transcription process, such as errors in copying the DNA sequence into mRNA, are not as detrimental as errors in replicating the entire DNA molecule. Transcription errors can still have an impact on protein synthesis and gene expression, but they are generally considered to be more manageable and less likely to result in major genetic mutations or abnormalities.

A peptide signal is a region of proteins that is recognized by receptors in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.