OS Reis De Portugal

Explanation
In a monarchy, the ruler is the king. Monarchies are a form of government where the power is inherited through a royal family, and the king holds the highest authority and governs the country. The king's role is to make decisions, enforce laws, and represent the nation. The answer "o Rei" correctly identifies the king as the one who governs in a monarchy.

Explanation
D. Afonso Henriques is considered the first King of Portugal because he led the rebellion against his mother, Countess Teresa, and the Kingdom of León, achieving independence for the County of Portugal in 1139. He then proclaimed himself King of Portugal in 1179, establishing the House of Burgundy as the ruling dynasty. His reign marked the beginning of the Portuguese monarchy and the foundation of the Portuguese state.

Explanation
The Battle of S. Mamede took place in 1128.

Explanation
The Treaty of Zamora was signed in 1143. This treaty was an agreement between the Kingdom of León and the Kingdom of Portugal, which recognized Portugal as an independent kingdom. It marked a significant milestone in the history of Portugal, as it laid the foundation for its sovereignty and separation from the Kingdom of León. The treaty also established a peaceful coexistence between the two kingdoms, setting the stage for future alliances and diplomatic relations.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Afonsina." This is because the question is asking about the first dynasty, and the Afonsina dynasty was the first dynasty in Portugal. The other options, Avis and Bragança, were subsequent dynasties that came after the Afonsina dynasty.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Dinastia Filipina." The Dinastia Filipina refers to the period of Portuguese history when Portugal was ruled by the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, specifically King Philip II of Spain and his successors. This period lasted for approximately 60 years until December 1, 1640, when Portugal regained its independence from Spain.

Explanation
D. João I was the first king of the 2nd dynasty in Portugal. He ruled from 1385 until his death in 1433. He was known for his successful military campaigns, including the Battle of Aljubarrota, which secured his throne and established the House of Aviz as the ruling dynasty in Portugal. D. João I played a crucial role in consolidating Portuguese independence and expanding its territories, making him a significant figure in Portuguese history.

Explanation
D. João II is the correct answer because he was the Portuguese king who signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. This treaty was signed in 1494 between Portugal and Spain, and it aimed to divide the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two countries. The treaty established an imaginary line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, giving Portugal control over the lands to the east of the line and Spain control over the lands to the west. D. João II played a crucial role in negotiating and signing this treaty, which had a significant impact on the colonization of the Americas.

Explanation
D. Manuel is the correct answer because it was during his reign that the Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil in 1500. D. Manuel was the King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521 and his reign marked the beginning of the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. He was known for his support of exploration and overseas expansion, which led to the discovery of several new territories, including Brazil.

Explanation
D. José is the correct answer because during his reign, the great Lisbon earthquake occurred. This earthquake, known as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, happened on November 1, 1755, and caused widespread destruction in Lisbon and other parts of Portugal. It is considered one of the deadliest earthquakes in history, with estimates of the death toll ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 people. D. José's reign lasted from 1750 to 1777, making him the ruler at the time of this significant event.

Explanation
D. Pedro I is the correct answer because he was the king who fell in love with Dona Inês de Castro. Their love story is well-known in Portuguese history, as Pedro I was captivated by her beauty and charm. Their relationship caused controversy and political unrest, as Inês was a lady-in-waiting to Pedro's wife, Constance. Despite their forbidden love, Pedro I continued his relationship with Inês even after his wife's death. This love story ended tragically when Inês was murdered, but Pedro I sought revenge and declared her posthumously as his queen.

Explanation
D. Manuel II is the correct answer because he was the last king of Portugal. He ascended to the throne in 1908 after the assassination of his father, D. Carlos I, but his reign was short-lived. In 1910, a revolution took place in Portugal and the monarchy was overthrown, forcing Manuel II to go into exile. This marked the end of the Portuguese monarchy, making Manuel II the last king of Portugal.