Grade 8 - History Quiz

Psychology is the correct answer because it is the scientific study of human behavior and the mind. It involves understanding and analyzing various aspects of human behavior, such as thoughts, emotions, motivations, and actions. By studying psychology, individuals can gain insights into why people behave the way they do and develop a deeper understanding of themselves and others. This field encompasses various sub-disciplines, including cognitive psychology, social psychology, and clinical psychology, among others.

Civilization refers to an advanced and sophisticated form of culture. It encompasses various aspects of human society, including social, political, economic, and technological advancements. A civilization is characterized by the development of cities, complex social structures, written language, organized governments, and advancements in arts, science, and technology. It represents a higher level of human organization and cultural achievement compared to basic anthropology, social studies, or sociology, which focus on studying human behavior and societies in general.

History involves the examination and analysis of past events, actions, and experiences of individuals, societies, and civilizations. It focuses on the collection, interpretation, and evaluation of historical sources to understand and explain the past. By studying recorded facts, historians seek to gain insights into the development of human societies, cultures, and ideas over time.

False, the propagator of the Theory of Evolution is Charles Darwin.

The Shang Dynasty was the first family of rulers to rulers to leave written records. This ancient Chinese Dynasty, which existed from around 1600 to 1046 BCE, was known for its development of a system of writing called oracle bone script. This form of writing involved inscribing divination questions on animal bones or turtle shells and then interpreting the cracks that formed when heat was applied. These inscriptions provide valuable historical and cultural information about the Shang Dynasty and are considered the earliest known form of Chinese writing. Therefore, the statement "True" is the correct answer.

The Hebrews were an ancient people who originated in Canaan, which is now modern-day Palestine. They later became known as Jews. One of their significant contributions to the world was the concept of monotheism, the belief in one god. This idea spread and influenced many other cultures. However, their greatest contribution is considered to be the Ten Commandments and the Mosaic Law, which provided a moral and legal framework for their society and had a lasting impact on Western civilization. The Babylonians, Persians, and Sumerians were also ancient civilizations, but they did not have the same influence on monotheism or contribute the Ten Commandments and Mosaic Law.

Sociology is the correct answer because it is the study of society, including the behavior, relationships, and institutions of human beings in the present. It focuses on understanding social interactions, social structures, and social change. Sociology examines how individuals are influenced by their social environment and how societies are shaped by various factors such as culture, social class, and power dynamics. This field of study provides insights into the functioning of society and helps in developing a better understanding of human behavior and social issues.

Social Studies is the correct answer because it encompasses the study of society and how people behave. It includes various disciplines such as history, psychology, and political science, which all contribute to understanding human behavior and societal structures. Social Studies provides a comprehensive understanding of the social, cultural, economic, and political aspects of society, making it the most appropriate choice for a study about society and human behavior.

Sanskrit is the correct answer because it is known as the language of the Aryans. It is an ancient Indo-Aryan language that was spoken by the Aryans in ancient India. Sanskrit is considered to be the sacred language of Hinduism and is the oldest known language of the Indo-European family. It has a rich literary tradition and is still used in religious rituals and ceremonies in India.

The correct answer is Siddharta Gautama because Siddharta Gautama is the full name of the Nepali sage known as Buddha. The other options, Kautilya Buddha, Maurya Gautama, and Siddharta Kautilya, do not accurately represent the full name of the sage.

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were expertly planned cities that flourished more than 4500 years ago. These cities were part of the Indus Valley Civilization, which was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world. The cities were well-organized and had advanced systems of sanitation and drainage. The layout of the cities included well-defined streets, brick houses, public buildings, and a complex water management system. The presence of these planned features suggests a high level of urban planning and organization in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

The Vedas are a collection of religious texts from ancient India that contain hymns, incantations, and rituals. These texts are written in Sanskrit and are considered Shruti, meaning they are heard or revealed scriptures. The Veda is divided into four Samhitas, which are different collections of hymns and rituals. Therefore, the Veda is a religious book that encompasses all the given elements.

No, they are the 2nd.

Asoka was the Buddhist grandson of Chandragupta Maurya who adopted a policy of non-violence and religious tolerance during his reign. He neglected wars and instead focused on promoting peace and harmony among his subjects. Asoka is known for his conversion to Buddhism and his efforts to spread the teachings of the religion throughout his empire. He is also remembered for his contribution to the welfare of his people through the establishment of hospitals, roads, and other public infrastructure. Asoka's reign is considered a significant period in Indian history marked by religious tolerance and humanitarian values.

Homo erectus is known as the "upright man" because they were the first hominin species to have a fully upright posture and walk on two legs consistently. This adaptation allowed them to cover long distances efficiently and freed their hands for tool use and other activities. Homo erectus lived approximately 1.9 million to 143,000 years ago and was the first hominin species to migrate out of Africa, spreading to different parts of Asia and Europe. They had larger brains and more advanced tool-making abilities compared to earlier hominin species, making them an important milestone in human evolution.

The Phoenicians were given the title "The Greatest Trade of Antiquity" because of their active trade. As merchants, they needed a way to record transactions, leading them to develop a system of writing using symbols to represent sounds. This system consisted of an alphabet with 22 consonants. Therefore, the Phoenicians are the correct answer.

The Aryans were the noble ones who were actually nomads originating from Iran. They migrated to the Indian subcontinent and established their dominance over the indigenous population. The term "Aryans" refers to the Indo-Iranian people who spoke the Indo-Aryan languages and played a significant role in shaping the early Indian civilization. They were known for their social hierarchy, with the Kshatriyas being the warrior class and the Shudras being the lowest social group. The Dasyus, on the other hand, were considered as enemies or outsiders by the Aryans.

Chandragupta Maurya is the correct answer because he was the founder of the Mauryan Empire. The Mauryan Empire was known for its large military, consisting of 600,000 soldiers, 30,000 horsemen, and 9,000 elephants. Chandragupta Maurya's leadership and military prowess allowed him to establish and expand this powerful empire in ancient India.

The Sumerians had domes for architecture, which were a unique feature of their civilization. They also used the Lunar Calendar for astrology, showing their advanced knowledge and understanding of celestial bodies. Additionally, they used Cuneiform as their form of writing, which was one of the earliest known writing systems. The Sumerians are also known for their Ziggurats, which were massive stepped structures used for religious purposes. Overall, these characteristics and achievements are specific to the Sumerian civilization.

The city-state of Assur and later Nineveh, under the leadership of Ashurbanipal, developed a strong army to defend against invaders due to the lack of natural barriers like mountains and deserts. This means that they had to rely on their military strength to protect their territories and maintain their power. The Assyrians recognized the vulnerability of their region and took proactive measures to build a formidable army, which ultimately contributed to their success and dominance in the ancient world.

The correct answer is Babylonians. The Babylonians were a group of Semitic people who invaded Mesopotamia with their bearded leader, Hammurabi. They are known for creating the First Code of Laws, which is one of their significant contributions to history. The Code of Hammurabi was a set of laws that governed various aspects of Babylonian society and served as a legal framework for the civilization.

The term "Dasyus" refers to a group of people mentioned in ancient Indian texts, particularly the Rigveda. They are often described as enemies or adversaries of the Aryans, who were believed to be a group of Indo-European migrants. The Dasyus are portrayed as dark-skinned and are associated with slavery and living in towns. Therefore, the answer "Dasyus" aligns with the given descriptions of "Dark-skinned" and "Town dwellers" in the question.

The given answer, Vaishyas, is correct because Vaishyas are indeed the third varna or caste in the Varna/Caste System. The Varna/Caste System is a social hierarchy in Hinduism that categorizes individuals into four main groups based on their occupation and social status. The Vaishyas are traditionally associated with merchants and farmers, and they hold a significant role in the economic activities of society.

The Huang Ho, also known as the Yellow River, is referred to as the "River of Sorrows" due to its frequent devastating floods throughout history. These floods have caused immense destruction, loss of life, and displacement of people, earning the river its sorrowful nickname.

The passage refers to the Persians; it mentions Cyrus the Great, who led his army to victory and conquered Babylon and the remainder of the Fertile Crescent.

During the Shang Dynasty, the form of writing was known as Oracle Bones. Oracle Bones were pieces of turtle shell or animal bones that were used for divination purposes. The Shang Dynasty believed that by inscribing questions on these bones and heating them, the cracks that formed could be interpreted as answers from the gods. This form of writing is considered one of the earliest forms of Chinese writing and provides valuable insights into the culture and beliefs of the Shang Dynasty.

The Fertile Crescent is referred to as the Cradle of World's Civilization because it is considered the birthplace of various fundamental aspects of human civilization. It was in this region that agriculture first developed, leading to the establishment of settled communities and the rise of urbanization. Writing systems also emerged in this area, enabling the recording and communication of information. The Fertile Crescent was a hub of trade and commerce, facilitating cultural exchange and the spread of ideas. Additionally, many of the world's major religions have their roots in this region.

The Hittites had a well-developed legal system that was considered humane for its time. They were known for their use of iron weapons, which gave them an advantage in warfare. Additionally, the Hittites occupied the region of Anatolia, which is present-day Turkey, and were a prominent power in the ancient Near East. The Persians, Babylonians, and Assyrians were also significant civilizations in the region, but they did not possess the same combination of factors as the Hittites.

Homo habilis is known as the "man of skills" because this species of early humans is believed to have been the first to use tools. They lived between 2.4 and 1.4 million years ago and were able to create and use simple stone tools for various purposes, such as hunting and scavenging. This development in tool usage marked an important milestone in human evolution, demonstrating the ability to manipulate the environment and adapt to different challenges.

The Akkadians, led by their ruler Sargon, were responsible for creating the first world empire by unifying the North and South Mesopotamian states. This empire was established around 2300 BC and lasted for around 150 years. Sargon and the Akkadians conquered various city-states in Mesopotamia, bringing them under their rule and establishing a centralized government. This empire marked a significant milestone in history as it laid the foundation for future empires and influenced the political and cultural development of the region.

Feudalism was the predominant social system of medieval Europe. The nobility were given land from the Crown in exchange for military service. Under the nobles were the vassals who were tenants of the nobles. Under vassals were the peasants (called the villeins or serfs) who were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce in exchange for military protection.

The Chaldeans were a group of people who lived in ancient Babylon. They were known for their advanced knowledge and understanding of astronomy. They kept detailed records of the movement of the stars, planets, and constellations, which allowed them to make accurate predictions and observations. They also believed that the stars had a significant influence on the lives of humans. Additionally, the Chaldeans developed the zodiac, a belt of 12 constellations that is still used in astrology today.

Anthropology is the correct answer because it is the study of human, their cultures, societies, and their development over time. It focuses on understanding human behavior, social structures, and cultural variations. By studying anthropology, researchers gain insights into the past societies and their interactions, helping us understand the evolution of mankind and its society. Sociology focuses on the study of society and social behavior, while history focuses on the study of past events. Social studies is a broader term that encompasses various disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, and history.

Sinocentrism refers to the belief or tendency of the Chinese to consider their own culture as superior to others. This belief often leads to the perception that Chinese culture should be the center or standard by which other cultures are judged. Sinocentrism can manifest in various aspects of Chinese society, such as politics, history, and social interactions. It can also influence China's relationships with other countries and its approach to international affairs.

The Mandate of Heaven is an ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that asserts that emperors are granted the right to rule by God, as long as they govern with fairness and competence. This concept was used to justify the rise and fall of dynasties in China throughout history. It was believed that if an emperor failed to govern effectively or became corrupt, they would lose the Mandate of Heaven, leading to their downfall and the rise of a new dynasty. The Mandate of Heaven played a significant role in shaping Chinese political and social systems.

Dryopithecus is believed to be the earliest hominid that is considered to be the ancestor of both humans and apes. This species lived approximately 9 to 16 million years ago and is believed to have possessed characteristics that were transitional between apes and humans. Fossil evidence suggests that Dryopithecus had a combination of ape-like and human-like features, such as a relatively small brain size and a more upright posture. While there is still ongoing debate and research regarding the exact lineage and relationships between different hominid species, Dryopithecus is considered to be an important ancestor in the evolutionary history of humans and apes.

This answer includes the attributes of civilization that are related to the development and organization of a society. Advanced cities refer to urban centers with a high level of infrastructure and population. Complex institutions suggest the presence of organized systems such as government, religion, and education. Recording systems indicate the ability to document and preserve information. Specialized workers imply the division of labor and the development of specific skills. Technology refers to the use of tools and techniques to improve productivity and quality of life.