Praticando Um Pouco Mais! 9º Ano 3ª Etapa

Após o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, os países vencedores buscaram criar ferramentas internacionais para evitar conflitos e promover a paz. A ONU foi criada com o objetivo de promover a paz mundial, proteger os direitos humanos e estimular a autodeterminação dos povos. Essa organização atua como um fórum para a resolução pacífica de disputas entre nações, além de promover a cooperação internacional em diversas áreas, como saúde, educação, meio ambiente e desenvolvimento econômico. A ONU desempenha um papel fundamental na manutenção da paz e na promoção de valores universais, como a igualdade, a justiça e o respeito pelos direitos humanos.

The main factors that caused the entry of the United States into the war were the agreements of solidarity with England in the so-called Atlantic Charter and the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor. The Atlantic Charter established a cooperative relationship between the United States and England, which led to the United States supporting England in the war against Germany. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was a direct provocation that pushed the United States to declare war on Japan and subsequently join the Allied forces in the war against the Axis powers.

The correct answer states that the fall of the Berlin Wall constituted one of the milestones of the end of the Cold War, which dominated international relations after World War II. This is because the fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the reunification of East and West Germany and the end of the division between the communist and capitalist blocs. It marked a significant shift in global politics and represented the triumph of democratic and capitalist ideals over communism.

The cartoon by Belmonte suggests the beginning of the Cold War, characterized by the confrontation between the socialist bloc, led by the USSR, and the capitalist bloc, led by the USA, which competed for technical, military, economic, and political dominance of the world for the following decades. The globe in the drawing highlights South America and Africa, as these would be the main areas of dispute between the major powers, since the division of Europe was already consolidated at this time. From allies in World War II, the USA and USSR became enemies. They created opposing military alliances (NATO and the Warsaw Pact), divided Germany with the construction of the Berlin Wall, and initiated a localized war in Korea.

The correct answer explains that the charge refers to the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact signed by Hitler and Stalin in 1939. The agreement established the division of Poland between the Soviet Union and Germany, the neutrality of the USSR in the face of Nazi expansionism, and Hitler's commitment not to attack the Soviet Union. The intention of the author, therefore, in satirizing the Non-Aggression Pact, was to show Soviet submission to Nazi policy.

The correct answer is the one that mentions Winston Churchill and the political division in Europe between capitalist countries and those under Soviet influence after World War II. This is known as the "Iron Curtain" and was a term coined by Churchill himself to describe the ideological and physical separation between Eastern and Western Europe. The Iron Curtain represented the divide between the democratic, capitalist countries of Western Europe and the communist, Soviet-controlled countries of Eastern Europe.

The correct answer is "segregacionismo oficial, que permitia que uma minoria de brancos controlasse o poder político e garantisse seus privilégios diante da maioria negra." This is because the passage mentions that in Brazil, the largest black population outside of Africa, there is only one language spoken and syncretic religious practices are followed. This suggests that Brazil does not have a system of official segregation like apartheid, which was implemented in South Africa and allowed a minority of whites to control political power and maintain their privileges over the majority black population.

The period between the two world wars was characterized by a crisis in capitalism, liberalism, and democracy, as well as an ideological polarization between fascism and communism. This was a time of great instability and uncertainty, as the economic systems and political ideologies that had dominated the previous era were called into question. The rise of fascism and communism as competing ideologies further intensified this polarization, leading to increased tensions and conflicts that eventually culminated in the outbreak of World War II.

The correct answer states that the relationship between economic powers and the African continent has always been one of exploitation, whether during colonialism or neocolonialism. The charge depicted in the image represents the relentless pursuit of European and North American multinational companies for African resources, driven by greed.

The correct answer is "As pressões da China comunista pela ampliação de sua área de influência na Ásia e na África ocidental." This option is not directly associated with the end of Imperialism and Colonialism because it refers to the expansion of influence by the Communist China, which is not related to the emancipation of European colonies in Africa and Asia. The other options, such as the transformations caused by the Second World War, the rise of nationalist movements, and the decline of European hegemony since the First World War, are all directly linked to the end of Imperialism and Colonialism.