1.
Research into the phenomenon of somatisation shows that it involves four aspects.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because research into the phenomenon of somatisation does not involve four aspects. The question does not provide any information regarding the correct number of aspects involved in somatisation research. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the correct answer or provide an explanation.
2.
Common physical symptoms of depression include - (Select three)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Headaches
B. Chest pains
E. Indigestion
Explanation
Common physical symptoms of depression can include headaches, chest pains, and indigestion. These symptoms often manifest as a result of the emotional and psychological distress caused by depression. Headaches can be a result of increased tension and stress, while chest pains may be caused by the physical manifestation of anxiety and panic attacks. Indigestion can occur due to changes in appetite and disrupted eating patterns that often accompany depression. These physical symptoms can further contribute to the overall feeling of fatigue and insomnia commonly experienced by individuals with depression.
3.
This rigid adherence to self-defeating behaviour patterns is known as the “neurotic paradox”.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because the neurotic paradox refers to the tendency of individuals to engage in self-defeating behavior patterns, even though they are aware that these behaviors are not beneficial or helpful. This rigid adherence to self-destructive patterns can be seen in various aspects of a person's life, such as relationships, work, or personal habits. Despite the negative consequences, individuals with neurotic tendencies find it difficult to break free from these patterns, resulting in a paradoxical situation where they continue engaging in behaviors that are not in their best interest.
4.
People in chronic manic states behave more like the popular notion of the "raving maniac."
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that people in chronic manic states behave in a way that aligns with the popular notion of a "raving maniac." However, the correct answer is False. This means that people in chronic manic states do not necessarily exhibit the extreme and uncontrollable behavior typically associated with the term "raving maniac." It is important to note that manic states can vary in intensity and presentation, and not all individuals with chronic mania will display such extreme behaviors.
5.
The psychoanalytic theories of depression therefore focus on - (Select two)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Loss
B. Over dependence on external approval
Explanation
Psychoanalytic theories of depression emphasize two main factors: loss and over dependence on external approval. Loss refers to the experience of losing someone or something significant, leading to feelings of sadness and grief. Over dependence on external approval suggests that individuals with depression may rely excessively on others' validation and approval for their self-worth, leading to a lack of self-esteem and increased vulnerability to depressive symptoms. These two factors are considered crucial in understanding the development and maintenance of depression from a psychoanalytic perspective.
6.
According to Beck depressed thoughts lead to depressed feelings.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Depressed thoughts can indeed lead to depressed feelings. When a person consistently has negative and pessimistic thoughts, it can impact their mood and overall emotional well-being. These thoughts may include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness, which can contribute to the development or exacerbation of depression. Therefore, it is accurate to say that depressed thoughts can lead to depressed feelings.
7.
In those women who suffer from PMT there is a malfunction in the production of hormones during the menstrual cycle, in particular oestrogen.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that women who suffer from PMT (premenstrual tension) experience a malfunction in hormone production, specifically oestrogen, during their menstrual cycle. However, this statement is false. While hormone imbalances can contribute to PMT symptoms, there is no evidence to suggest that there is a malfunction in hormone production in women with PMT. PMT is a complex condition influenced by various factors, including changes in neurotransmitters and sensitivity to hormones.
8.
Post natal depression affects between ______ of mothers.
Correct Answer
B. 10 and 30%
Explanation
Postnatal depression affects between 10 and 30% of mothers. This means that out of every 100 mothers, approximately 10 to 30 of them experience postnatal depression. This condition is a type of depression that occurs after childbirth and can affect a mother's emotional well-being, bonding with the baby, and overall functioning. The range of 10 to 30% indicates that the prevalence of postnatal depression can vary, with some studies reporting lower rates and others reporting higher rates.
9.
The puerperal depressed woman is often seriously deluded, believing her baby to be malformed, possessed, damaged or altered on some way.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true. Puerperal depression, also known as postpartum depression, can cause women to have distorted thoughts and beliefs about their baby. This may include believing that the baby is malformed, possessed, damaged, or altered in some way. These delusions can be distressing for the mother and may require professional help and support.
10.
It is often said of depressed people that - (Select three)
Correct Answer(s)
B. They do not believe others who try and reassure them that they will get better.
C. They insist that the bleak vision they have of their own lives in particular, and of life in general is true.
D. They are extremely resistant to suggestions that all is not lost, that recovery can be achieved, that they will feel better, that they have felt better.
Explanation
Depressed individuals often exhibit three common behaviors. Firstly, they do not believe others who try to reassure them that they will get better, indicating a lack of trust in the possibility of improvement. Secondly, they insist that their bleak vision of their own lives and life in general is true, suggesting a strong belief in the negativity they perceive. Lastly, they show extreme resistance to suggestions that recovery is possible and that they can feel better, implying a reluctance to consider alternative perspectives or solutions.
11.
Depression should be suspected if - (Select three)
Correct Answer(s)
B. Someone starts to sleep badly and becomes irritable
C. A person finds it difficult to laugh or enjoy the things that formerly interested and stimulated him or her
D. Someone seems to be 'out of sorts,' unhappy, lacking in zest, or begins to drink heavily and frequently
Explanation
Depression should be suspected if someone starts to sleep badly and becomes irritable. This can be a sign of disrupted sleep patterns and changes in mood, which are common symptoms of depression. Additionally, a person finding it difficult to laugh or enjoy things that once interested them is another indicator. This loss of interest and pleasure in activities is a key symptom of depression. Finally, if someone seems "out of sorts," lacking in zest, or begins to engage in heavy and frequent drinking, it can also be a sign of depression as individuals often turn to substances as a coping mechanism.
12.
Therapists should endeavour to develop the relevant skills needed to detect depression, to communicate with depressed clients and to initiate effective treatment.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Therapists should strive to acquire the necessary skills to identify depression, effectively communicate with clients who are experiencing depression, and initiate appropriate treatment. This is important in order to provide the best possible care and support for individuals who are struggling with depression. By developing these skills, therapists can better understand and address the needs of their clients, ultimately leading to more successful treatment outcomes.
13.
Depression management is one thing, prevention is another.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement suggests that managing depression is different from preventing it. It implies that while it is possible to manage depression once it occurs, it is also important to take steps to prevent it from happening in the first place. This highlights the importance of proactive measures such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, seeking support, and practicing self-care to prevent the onset of depression.