Biology EOC Practice Questions (Practice Mode)

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1/96 Questions

The presence of what cellular structure distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?
- Cell membrane
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondrion
- Nucleus

Biology EOC Practice Questions (Practice Mode) - Quiz

About This Quiz

This Biology EOC Practice Questions quiz in practice mode assesses knowledge in biology, focusing on ecological relationships, energy flow, species interactions, and evolutionary taxonomy. It's designed to test comprehension and application of biological concepts.

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2.

In addition to the reproductive system, which body system is most directly essential to the production of gametes and offspring?
- Circulatory
- Endocrine
- Immune
- Nervous
Correct Answer

A. Endocrine

Explanation

Endocrine system produces hormones that are needed to produce gametes (ex: testosterone & estrogen).

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3.

During what phase of meiosis does nondisjunction occur?
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
Correct Answer

A. Anaphase I

Explanation

Nondisjunction = can occur when chromosomes SEPARATE (anaphase I or II)

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4.

Which group(s) contain organsims that can be classified as primary producers?
- Monerans only
- Protists only
- Monerans and protists
- Viruses and monerans
Correct Answer

A. Monerans and protists

Explanation

In addition to plants, algae (protists) and some bacteria (monerans) are autotrophs (a.k.a. producers).

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1
5.

Lions and tigers both belong to genus Panthera., Cheetahs belong to the genus Achinonyx. Scientists group these 3 types of cats together at the next taxonomic level. What is the most specific taxonomic level that lions, cheetahs, and tigers share?
- Class
- Family
- Kingdom
- Order
Correct Answer

A. Family

Explanation

Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> FAMILY -> Genus -> Species

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6.

Hummingbirds transfer pollen from one flower to another while feeding. What plant structure contains the pollen?
- Carpel
- Petal
- Sepal
- Stamen
Correct Answer

A. Stamen

Explanation

Pistil = female part which produces the ovum
Stamen = male part which produces the sperm contained in pollen

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7.

These diagrams represent different stages of animal cell division. From start to finish, what is the correct order of the stages?
- 2, 4, 3, 1
- 2, 3, 4, 1
- 3, 2, 1, 4
- 3, 1, 2, 4
Correct Answer

A. 2, 4, 3, 1

Explanation

Prophase (chromosomes condense & nuclear membrane disappears)
Metaphase (chromosomes line up in the MIDDLE)
Anaphase (chromosomes are pulled APART)
Telophase (2 nuclear membranes form & cytokinesis occurs

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8.

The graph represents the average fastest speed of 5 animals recorded in one study. Based on the graph, which species is approximately 1/3 as fast as the cheetah?
- Elephant
- Kangaroo
- Lion
- Snake
Correct Answer

A. Elephant

Explanation

25 is 1/3 of 75 so 25 (elephant speed) is approximately 1/3 of 70 (cheetah speed)

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9.

Which group(s) contain organsims that can be classified as primary producers?
- Monerans only
- Protists only
- Monerans and protists
- Viruses and monerans
Correct Answer

A. Monerans and protists

Explanation

In addition to plants, algae (protists) and some bacteria (monerans) are autotrophs (a.k.a. producers).

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10.

A scientist found that the results of an experiment did not support her hypothesis. If she is following proper scientific procedure, what should she do next?
- Discard those results and repeat the experiment.
- Accept the hypothesis and exclude data that does not fit.
- Reject the hypothesis and assume it is incorrect.
- Create a new hypothesis and a new experiment to test it.
Correct Answer

A. Create a new hypothesis and a new experiment to test it.

Explanation

If the data does not support the hypothesis, it should be rejected. A new experiment should be designed to test a revised hypothesis.
f the data does support the hypothesis, it should be accepted but the experiment should be repeated to ensure accuracy. The experimental design, results, & conclusion should be published so that other scientists can confirm the work.

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11.

This graph illustrates 4 different chemical reactions. Which reaction has the fastest initial reaction rate?
- Reaction I
- Reaction II
- Reaction III
- Reaction IV
Correct Answer

A. Reaction I

Explanation

Reaction 1 (black circles) has the steepest rate of increase (slope) at the beginning of the experiment.

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12.

This molecule is an example of which substance?
- Amino acid
- Carbohydrate
- Fatty Acid
- Nucleotide
Correct Answer

A. Amino acid

Explanation

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are made of a central Carbon & Hydrogen, an Amino group (-NH2), a Carboxyl group (-COOH), and an R group (variable)

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13.

A flagellated protozoan lives within the intestines of a termite and helps it digest wood. What type of relationship most likely exists between the protozoan and the termite?
- Competitive
- Mutualistic
- Parasitic
- Predatory
Correct Answer

A. Mutualistic

Explanation

Mutualism = both benefit
Commensalism = one benefits & the other is unaffected
Parasitisim = one benefits & the other is harmed

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14.

Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur both performed experiments hoping to disprove spontaneous generation. What conditions existed in Pasteur's experiment that did not exist in Spallanzani's?
- Air could enter the flasks, but no microorganisms could enter.
- No air could enter the flasks, but microorganisms could enter.
- Neither air nor microorganisms could enter the flasks.
- Both air and microorganisms could enter the flasks.
Correct Answer

A. Air could enter the flasks, but no microorganisms could enter.

Explanation

Spallanzani = straight necked flasks
Pasteur = S-shaped flasks that allowed air in but trapped dust in the neck

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15.

After learning about viruses in Biology class, Sam decides to have his cat vaccinated against feline leukemia virus. According to cell theory, are viruses, such as feline leukemia, considered living things?
- Yes, because they can reproduce.
- Yes, because they are composed of cells.
- No, because they cannot adapt to their environment.
- No, because they are not composed of cells.
Correct Answer

A. No, because they are not composed of cells.

Explanation

Cell theory = ALL living things are made of cells
Viruses are made of proteins & nucleic acids but they are NOT cells (no cell membrane, cytoplasm, or ribosomes)

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16.

A researcher counted the number of eggs a single fruit fly laid in 24 hrs for 5 days and recorded the findings in this table. What is the average number of eggs laid per day over the 5 days?
- 5
- 10
- 25
- 50
Correct Answer

A. 10

Explanation

add number of eggs from each day (50) and divide by the number of days (5)
50 / 5 = 10

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17.

Which solution has the greatest concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)?
- Urine (pH 6.0)
- Rainwater (pH 5.5)
- Tomato juice (pH 2.0)
- Gastric juice (pH 2.0)
Correct Answer

A. Urine (pH 6.0)

Explanation

When a solution becomes more acidic, the concentration of H+ ions increases (by a factor of 10).
When a solution becomes more of a base, the concentration of OH- ions increases (by a factor of 10).

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18.

When a new volcanic island forms, the pioneer species is the first species to successfully inhabit the island. Which organism is the most likely candidate for a pioneer species?
- A seagull hatched from an egg laid on the island
- A palm tree grown from a coconut that washed onto shore
- Lichen spores deposited on rocks by the wind
- Insect larvae carried on a piece of driftwood
Correct Answer

A. Lichen spores deposited on rocks by the wind

Explanation

Lichen can live on bare rock so they are a pioneer species for Primary Succession
Primary Succession = bare rock, no soil
Secondary Succession = bare soil, no plants

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19.

If a football field in the taiga is abandoned, which group of organisms will most likely be part of the resulting climax community?
- Apple tree, deer, and wolf
- Cactus, snake, and hawk
- Grass, mouse, and coyote
- Pine tree, moose, and bear
Correct Answer

A. Pine tree, moose, and bear

Explanation

Taiga = coniferous forest (most of Canada is part of the Taiga)

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20.

What characteristic of early autotrophs gave them an advantage over early heterotrophs?
- They ate heterotrophs.
- They produced spores.
- They made their own food.
- They reproduced asexually.
Correct Answer

A. They made their own food.

Explanation

autotroph = means it makes its own food (producers)
heterotroph = consumers

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21.

Cosmetics often contain glycerol (C₃H₈O₃), which has three identical functional groups. Which type of bond holds these functional groups together?
- Covalent
- Hydrogen
- Intermolecular
- Ionic
Correct Answer

A. Covalent

Explanation

Glycerol is Organic because it contains Carbon (C3H8O3). Carbon ALWAYS forms Covalent bonds.

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22.

What is the RNA sequence for a section of protein composed of Val-Glu-Ser?
- GUA-GCC-AGU
- GUA-GGG-AGC
- GUG-GAC-GGU
- GUG-GAG-AGC
Correct Answer

A. GUG-GAG-AGC

Explanation

Valine could be any GU_ codon (GUG)
Glutamine could be GAG or GAA
Serine could be AGU, AGC, or any UC_ codon

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23.

In the following food chain, assuming that the producer contains 180,000 J of energy, how much energy would be able to be transferred to the tertiary consumer? Plant --> Mouse --> Snake --> Owl --> Fungus
- 180 J
- 18,000 J
- 1,800 J
- 18 J
Correct Answer

A. 180 J

Explanation

10% of energy is stored & transferred to the next trophic level (move the decimal place)
90% is used or lost as heat

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24.

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a sex-linked recessive trait that affects the nervous system. In one family, the father, mother, daughter, and elder son do not have ALD, while the younger son has ALD. Who must be a carrier of the ALD allele?
- Father
- Mother
- Daughter
- Elder son
Correct Answer

A. Mother

Explanation

If it is Sex-Linked it is on the X-chromosome. That means that females can be carriers (heterozygous) but males can NOT be carriers. (Females = XX Males = XY)
In order for the disorder to be passed to the younger son, he had to inherit that allele from mom because that is where the X chromosome came from. (He inherited the Y from dad)
SO, mother is the carrier.

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25.

Dr. Hansen performs an experiment testing the effectiveness of different cough syrups. Identify the independent variable in the experiment.
- Type of cough syrup
- Flavor of the cough syrup
- Number of people taking each cough syrup
- Number of days people take each cough syrup
Correct Answer

A. Type of cough syrup

Explanation

Independent variable = the cause that is purposely changed in the experiment (different cough syrups)
Dependent variable = the effect that is measured in the experiment (effectiveness/# of days sick)

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26.

Plant cells contain both a cell wall and a cell membrane. What is the composition of the cell wall and where is it located in relation to the cell membrane?
- Cellulose, inside the cell membrane
- Cellulose, outside the cell membrane
- Glucose, inside the cell membrane
- Glucose, outside the cell membrane
Correct Answer

A. Cellulose, outside the cell membrane

Explanation

Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose
Cell Walls are ALWAYS outside of the cell membrane

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27.

Keisha passes a local dairy farm that has many brown cows, but only a few white cows. A dominant allele produces brown hair in cows and a recessive allele produces white hair. Which characteristic of any brown cow can Keisha identify?
- The genotype of both of the cow's parents.
- The genotype of the cow's hair color.
- The phenotype of both of the cow's parents.
- The phenotype of the cow's hair color.
Correct Answer

A. The phenotype of the cow's hair color.

Explanation

Phenotype = physical characteristic (observable)
Genotype can only be determined through tracing traits through generations (pedigree or punnett squares)

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28.

The graph provides information about the size of 1 rabbit population over 30 generations. What most likely happened shortly after the 10th generation to cause the change in population between Points A and B?
- A fatal disease infected the rabbits.
- Area farmers set traps for coyotes.
- The average temperature decreased by 0.5 oC.
- The average monthly rainfall increased by 0.25 in.
Correct Answer

A. A fatal disease infected the rabbits.

Explanation

The only answer choice above that would cause the rabbit population to decrease would be a disease. The temperature & rainfall changes are not drastic, therefore not significant. The coyotes are predators, so killing coyotes would cause the rabbit population to increase

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29.

What is the purpose of mitosis?
- To produce 2 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
- To produce 2 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
- To produce 4 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
- To produce 4 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
Correct Answer

A. To produce 2 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes

Explanation

Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid body cells
Diploid = a complete set of chromosomes (2 alleles for every gene)

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30.

What is the purpose of meiosis?
- To produce 2 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
- To produce 2 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
- To produce 4 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
- To produce 4 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
Correct Answer

A. To produce 4 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes

Explanation

Meiosis produces 4 genetically different haploid sex cells (gametes)
haploid = half the number of chromosomes (1 allele for every gene)

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31.

What key factor distinguishes organic compounds from inorganic compounds?
- Organic compounds contain carbon.
- Organic compounds contain hydrogen.
- Organic compounds provide energy for cells.
- Organic compounds are the building blocks of cells.
Correct Answer

A. Organic compounds contain carbon.

Explanation

Organic compounds ALWAYS contain carbon. Inorganic compounds do NOT contain carbon.

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32.

Alkaptonuria is a genetic disorder of protein metabolism. The disorder is determined by 2 alleles at 1 locus. What is the genotype for Individual 1 in the diagram?
- AA or Aa
- AA
- Aa
- Aa
Correct Answer

A. Aa

Explanation

If both parents have the same phenotype (black), the only way you can get offspring that have a different phenotype from BOTH of their parents (white) is if the parents both CARRY the recessive allele but it is not expressed because they also have the dominant allele. This means they are heterozygous

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33.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease in which mucus accumulates in the lungs and digestive system of affected individuals. Males and females must inherit 2 alleles with this mutation to have the disease. What is the mode of inheritance of cystic fibrosis?
- Autosomal dominant
- Autosomal recessive
- Sex-linked dominant
- Sex-linked recessive
Correct Answer

A. Autosomal recessive

Explanation

Autosomal = NOT on sex chromosomes (X or Y) so the chance of males and females getting it would be the same
Recessive = MUST have 2 alleles for the disorder in order for it to be expressed
Dominant = would have disorder if heterozygous (2 different alleles)

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34.

Ella told her sister the sun would set at 6:30 p.m. and there would be a full moon on Thursday night. Under which basic assumption of science is she operating?
- Nature is orderly.
- Knowledge is superior to ignorance.
- Nothing is self-evident.
- All phenomena have natural causes.
Correct Answer

A. Nature is orderly.

Explanation

The assumption that Ella is operating under is that nature is orderly. This means that she believes that there is a predictable pattern and regularity in the natural world, such as the timing of the sunset and the occurrence of a full moon. This assumption is a fundamental principle of science, as it allows scientists to make predictions and understand the world based on consistent patterns and laws.

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35.

In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers and tall stems are dominant to short stems. If two heterozygotes for both height and flower color are crossed, what is the probability of having short stemmed pea plants with purple flowers?
- 9/16
- 1/4
- 3/16
- 1/16
Correct Answer

A. 3/16

Explanation

PpTt x PpTt (factor using foil or window method)
set up dyhibrid punett square (16 blocks)
Phenotypic ratio should be:
9 = Purple & Tall
3 = Purple & Short
3 = White & Tall
1 = White & Short

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36.

Which criterion is NOT necessarily true of a trait that has evolved through natural selection?
- It is heritable.
- It varies among individuals.
- It increases individuals' life spans.
- It influences individuals' reproductive success.
Correct Answer

A. It increases individuals' life spans.

Explanation

Natural Selection = makes organism better able to leave offspring in next generation NOT necessarily a longer life

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37.

What process of natural selection favors the extreme phenotypes of a trait and eliminates intermediate phenotypes?
- Directional selection
- Disruptive selection
- Random selection
- Stabilizing selection
Correct Answer

A. Disruptive selection

Explanation

Disruptive = intermediates die out
Stabilizing = extremes die out
Directional = one phenotype preferred

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38.

What trait of an ATP molecule enables it to store energy for use by cells?
- Its small size
- Its solubility in water
- Its ability to form hydrogen bonds
- Its phosphate-phosphate bond
Correct Answer

A. Its phosphate-phosphate bond

Explanation

Energy is stored in chemical bonds. Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed from ATP (bond is broken). Energy is stored when a phosphate group is added to ADP (bond is formed).

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39.

Which is the LEAST likely trait of an organic molecule?
- The molecules may exist as isomers.
- The backbone is linear, cyclic, or branched.
- Ionic bonds are present between the atoms.
- Functional groups, such as alcohols, are present.
Correct Answer

A. Ionic bonds are present between the atoms.

Explanation

Organic compounds contain Carbon. Carbon ALWAYS form covalent bonds.

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40.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
- By reducing activation energy
- By reducing energy produced by the reaction
- By increasing activation energy
- By increasing energy produced by the reaction
Correct Answer

A. By reducing activation energy

Explanation

Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed which speeds up the rate of the reaction.
Enzymes are like coupons for the cost (activation energy) of the reaction.

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41.

DNA and RNA have many structural similarities. Which structure in DNA and RNA is similar?
- Purine bases
- Pyrimidine bases
- Type of sugar
- Attached proteins
Correct Answer

A. Purine bases

Explanation

SAME Purines = G & A (both DNA & RNA have these)
Different Sugars = DNA (deoxyribose) & RNA (ribose
Different Pyrimidines = C (both DNA & RNA have cytosine), T (only in DNA), & U (only in RNA)

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42.

What accounts for genetic biodiversity existing in modern multicellular organisms?
- Mutations in gametes are passed to offspring.
- Protein mutations cause DNA changes, creating new species.
- Genetic mutations form when similar species mate and reproduce.
- Somatic cell DNA mutations create new phenotypes in the population.
Correct Answer

A. Mutations in gametes are passed to offspring.

Explanation

During Meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up & crossing over occurs. This increases genetic diversity.

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43.

Red blood cells have a salt content of 0.9%. When a microbiologist places red blood cells in pure water, osmosis occurs. What net movement of a substance occurs in this instance of osmosis?
- Water molecules move out of the cells.
- Water molecules move into the cells.
- Salt ions move out of the cells.
- Salt ions move into the cells.
Correct Answer

A. Water molecules move into the cells.

Explanation

Pure water is ALWAYS hypotonic to cells SO water will move in to the cell causing the cell to swell.
Osmosis = water moves from where there is a lot of water to where there is a little water
Hypotonic = more water, less solutes
Hypertonic = less water, more solutes

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44.

What combine with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide?
- Amino acid
- Deoxyribose
- Glycerol
- Nitrogenous base
Correct Answer

A. Nitrogenous base

Explanation

Nucleotide = monomer of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
Made of = Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), 1 phosphate group, and a Nitrogen base (G, C, A, T or U)

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45.

After Harrison adds a chemical to cells growing in a test tube, proteins accumulate in the cells' endoplasmic reticula. The chemical prevents movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to which organelle?
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
Correct Answer

A. Golgi apparatus

Explanation

After being modified by the Rough ER, proteins are SUPPOSED to go to the Golgi Apparatus to be packaged & shipped out of the cell through Exocytosis.

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46.

A scientist studies the effects that barnyard grass, a weed, has on the growth of rice, other weeds, and insects. The barnyard grass and other weeds, rice, and insects make up whihc level of biological organization?
- Population
- Community
- Ecosystem
- Biome
Correct Answer

A. Community

Explanation

Community = more than 1 species of organism in the same area OR all biotic factors in an area

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47.

Megan examines a liver cell and observes an organelle with many smooth-sided channels. Which activity would identify this organelle as the Golgi apparatus?
- Digestion of macromolecules and old organelles
- Detoxification of poisonous molecules within the cell
- Harvesting of energy from organic molecules to make ATP
- Processing and packaging of cellular materials prior to export
Correct Answer

A. Processing and packaging of cellular materials prior to export

Explanation

The Golgi apparatus packages proteins in vesicles (small membranes) which then fuse with the cell membrane for exocytosis (export).

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48.

Which process generates most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration?
- Electron transport chain
- Fermentation
- Glycolysis
- Krebs cycle
Correct Answer

A. Electron transport chain

Explanation

ETC produces the MOST ATP
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP (net gain)
Fermentation produces 0 ATP
Krebs Cycle produces 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain produces 32 ATP

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49.

Persons A and B have similar mRNA sequences with the exception of 1 nucleotide. Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA Person B: AUGGUUACUGAGGGCUGA The genetic code chart to determine how this difference affects the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.
- Lys in Person A is replaced with Glu in Person B.
- Phe in Person A is replaced with Leu in Person B.
- Persons A and B have identical amino acid sequences.
- A stop codon is generated in Person B and not in Person A.
Correct Answer

A. Lys in Person A is replaced with Glu in Person B.

Explanation

Person A: AUGGUUACUaagGGCUGA
Person B: AUGGUUACUgagGGCUGA
AAG = Lysine
GAG = Glutamine

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Quiz Edited by
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Biology EOC Practice Questions (Practice Mode)

The presence of what cellular structure distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?

Quiz Preview

In addition to the reproductive system, which body system is most directly essential to the production of gametes and offspring?

During what phase of meiosis does nondisjunction occur?

Which group(s) contain organsims that can be classified as primary producers?

Lions and tigers both belong to genus Panthera., Cheetahs belong to the genus Achinonyx. Scientists group these 3 types of cats together at the next taxonomic level. What is the most specific taxonomic level that lions, cheetahs, and tigers share?

Hummingbirds transfer pollen from one flower to another while feeding. What plant structure contains the pollen?

These diagrams represent different stages of animal cell division. From start to finish, what is the correct order of the stages?

The graph represents the average fastest speed of 5 animals recorded in one study. Based on the graph, which species is approximately 1/3 as fast as the cheetah?

Which group(s) contain organsims that can be classified as primary producers?

A scientist found that the results of an experiment did not support her hypothesis. If she is following proper scientific procedure, what should she do next?

This graph illustrates 4 different chemical reactions. Which reaction has the fastest initial reaction rate?

This molecule is an example of which substance?

A flagellated protozoan lives within the intestines of a termite and helps it digest wood. What type of relationship most likely exists between the protozoan and the termite?

Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur both performed experiments hoping to disprove spontaneous generation. What conditions existed in Pasteur's experiment that did not exist in Spallanzani's?

After learning about viruses in Biology class, Sam decides to have his cat vaccinated against feline leukemia virus. According to cell theory, are viruses, such as feline leukemia, considered living things?

A researcher counted the number of eggs a single fruit fly laid in 24 hrs for 5 days and recorded the findings in this table. What is the average number of eggs laid per day over the 5 days?

Which solution has the greatest concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)?

When a new volcanic island forms, the pioneer species is the first species to successfully inhabit the island. Which organism is the most likely candidate for a pioneer species?

If a football field in the taiga is abandoned, which group of organisms will most likely be part of the resulting climax community?

What characteristic of early autotrophs gave them an advantage over early heterotrophs?

Cosmetics often contain glycerol (C3H8O3), which has three identical functional groups. Which type of bond holds these functional groups together?

What is the RNA sequence for a section of protein composed of Val-Glu-Ser?

In the following food chain, assuming that the producer contains 180,000 J of energy, how much energy would be able to be transferred to the tertiary consumer? Plant --> Mouse --> Snake --> Owl --> Fungus

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a sex-linked recessive trait that affects the nervous system. In one family, the father, mother, daughter, and elder son do not have ALD, while the younger son has ALD. Who must be a carrier of the ALD allele?

Dr. Hansen performs an experiment testing the effectiveness of different cough syrups. Identify the independent variable in the experiment.

Plant cells contain both a cell wall and a cell membrane. What is the composition of the cell wall and where is it located in relation to the cell membrane?

Keisha passes a local dairy farm that has many brown cows, but only a few white cows. A dominant allele produces brown hair in cows and a recessive allele produces white hair. Which characteristic of any brown cow can Keisha identify?

The graph provides information about the size of 1 rabbit population over 30 generations. What most likely happened shortly after the 10th generation to cause the change in population between Points A and B?

What is the purpose of mitosis?

What is the purpose of meiosis?

What key factor distinguishes organic compounds from inorganic compounds?

Alkaptonuria is a genetic disorder of protein metabolism. The disorder is determined by 2 alleles at 1 locus. What is the genotype for Individual 1 in the diagram?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease in which mucus accumulates in the lungs and digestive system of affected individuals. Males and females must inherit 2 alleles with this mutation to have the disease. What is the mode of inheritance of cystic fibrosis?

Ella told her sister the sun would set at 6:30 p.m. and there would be a full moon on Thursday night. Under which basic assumption of science is she operating?

In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers and tall stems are dominant to short stems. If two heterozygotes for both height and flower color are crossed, what is the probability of having short stemmed pea plants with purple flowers?

Which criterion is NOT necessarily true of a trait that has evolved through natural selection?

What process of natural selection favors the extreme phenotypes of a trait and eliminates intermediate phenotypes?

What trait of an ATP molecule enables it to store energy for use by cells?

Which is the LEAST likely trait of an organic molecule?

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

DNA and RNA have many structural similarities. Which structure in DNA and RNA is similar?

What accounts for genetic biodiversity existing in modern multicellular organisms?

Red blood cells have a salt content of 0.9%. When a microbiologist places red blood cells in pure water, osmosis occurs. What net movement of a substance occurs in this instance of osmosis?

What combine with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide?

After Harrison adds a chemical to cells growing in a test tube, proteins accumulate in the cells' endoplasmic reticula. The chemical prevents movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to which organelle?

A scientist studies the effects that barnyard grass, a weed, has on the growth of rice, other weeds, and insects. The barnyard grass and other weeds, rice, and insects make up whihc level of biological organization?

Megan examines a liver cell and observes an organelle with many smooth-sided channels. Which activity would identify this organelle as the Golgi apparatus?

Which process generates most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration?

Persons A and B have similar mRNA sequences with the exception of 1 nucleotide. Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA Person B: AUGGUUACUGAGGGCUGA The genetic code chart to determine how this difference affects the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.

Cosmetics often contain glycerol (C₃H₈O₃), which has three identical functional groups. Which type of bond holds these functional groups together?