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Quizzes › Science › Biology

Example Exam 3

41 Questions | By Chris Little | Updated: Apr 27, 2014 | Attempts: 108

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Example Exam 3 - Quiz

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Questions and Answers

1.

What does the term "haploid" mean?
- A.
  
  Fusion of cells.
- B.
  
  Multiple mating types (e.g. parents) required for the production of sexual spores.
- C.
  
  One set of chromosomes per nucleus.
- D.
  
  Fusion of nuclei.
- E.
  
  Nuclei from > 1 mating type (e.g. "parent") in each cellular compartment.
Correct Answer
C. One set of chromosomes per nucleus.
2.

Which of the following drawings represents oospores embedded in grape leaf tissue during the grape downy mildew disease cycle?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Correct Answer
A.
3.

Which of the following is associated with oospores?
- A.
  
  Gametangia ("+" and "-") of the same size.
- B.
  
  Produced outside of a sac on a club-like structure -- usually four at a time.
- C.
  
  Gametangia ("male" and "female") of different sizes.
- D.
  
  Produced inside a sac -- usually eight per sac.
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
C. Gametangia ("male" and "female") of different sizes.
4.

Which of the following oomycete pathogens causes pre- and post-emergent damping-off diseases?
- A.
  
  Pythium spp.
- B.
  
  Phytophthora spp.
- C.
  
  Downy mildew pathogens
Correct Answer
A. Pythium spp.
5.

In peach leaf curl, asci are produced from "ascogenous hyphae" that are not enclosed in an ascocarp. This is referred to as:
- A.
  
  Naked asci
- B.
  
  Cleistothecium
- C.
  
  Perithecium
- D.
  
  Apothecium
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
A. Naked asci
6.

Which of the following is the primary "structural polysaccharide" found in the cell walls of true fungi?
- A.
  
  Beta-1,3-glucans
- B.
  
  Chitin (beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine)
- C.
  
  Glycoproteins and adhesins
- D.
  
  Mannoproteins
- E.
  
  Cellulose
Correct Answer
B. Chitin (beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine)
7.

In grape downy mildew, which of the following variables would be required to indicate disease risk and a need to implement a disease control strategy?
- A.
  
  Warmer temperatures (>50°F)
- B.
  
  > 2 "oilspots"/50 vines
- C.
  
  High moisture in canopy (> 85% R.H.)
- D.
  
  All of the above are correct.
- E.
  
  None of the above is correct.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correct.
8.

If a fungal cell is "diploid":
- A.
  
  It resulted from the fusion of cells
- B.
  
  It has one set of chromosomes per nucleus
- C.
  
  It has resulted from the fusion of haploid nuclei and has two sets of chromosomes per nucleus
- D.
  
  It has nuclei from more than one mating type (e.g., "parents") in each cellular compartment
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
C. It has resulted from the fusion of haploid nuclei and has two sets of chromosomes per nucleus
9.

If a fungal cell is "dikaryotic" (or "heterokaryotic"):
- A.
  
  It resulted from the fusion of cells
- B.
  
  It has one set of chromosomes per nucleus
- C.
  
  It has resulted from the fusion of haploid nuclei and has two sets of chromosomes per nucleus
- D.
  
  It has nuclei from more than one mating type (e.g., "parents") in each cellular compartment
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
D. It has nuclei from more than one mating type (e.g., "parents") in each cellular compartment
10.

"Plasmogamy" represents:
- A.
  
  The fusion of fungal cells
- B.
  
  The fusion of fungal nuclei
- C.
  
  The process of meiosis
- D.
  
  The process of mitosis
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
A. The fusion of fungal cells
11.

"Downy" sporulation of a pathogen on the underside of a leaf in a downy mildew disease is an example of a:
- A.
  
  Symptom
- B.
  
  Sign
Correct Answer
B. Sign
12.

Chlorosis or necrosis on the upper surface of the leaf in a downy mildew disease is an example of a:
- A.
  
  Symptom
- B.
  
  Sign
Correct Answer
A. Symptom
13.

"Karyogamy" represents:
- A.
  
  The fusion of fungal cells
- B.
  
  The fusion of fungal nuclei
- C.
  
  The process of meiosis
- D.
  
  The process of mitosis
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
B. The fusion of fungal nuclei
14.

The best way for deuteromycete conidia to overwinter from season to season is within a structure (such as a pycnidium or acervulus) and/or within host debris in the soil.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True
15.

Where would one expect to find the aecia on the alternate host of a macrocyclic, heteroecious rust?
- A.
  
  Usually the top surface of the leaf
- B.
  
  Usually the bottom surface of the leaf
Correct Answer
B. Usually the bottom surface of the leaf
16.

Based on what we've discussed in class or what you've read in your textbook or the supplementary readings, how are conidia transmitted as secondary inoculum?
- A.
  
  Wind
- B.
  
  Water
- C.
  
  Insects
- D.
  
  All of the above are possible.
- E.
  
  None of the above is possible.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are possible.
17.

Which is not an example of a basidiomycete?
- A.
  
  Mushrooms
- B.
  
  Bracket fungi
- C.
  
  Rusts
- D.
  
  Powdery mildews
- E.
  
  Smuts
Correct Answer
D. Powdery mildews
18.

"Clamp connections" are _________ in mushrooms and bracket fungi and _________ in rust and smut fungi.
- A.
  
  Absent; Present
- B.
  
  Present; Absent
- C.
  
  Absent; Absent
- D.
  
  Present; Present
- E.
  
  Useless; Stupid
Correct Answer
B. Present; Absent
19.

In common bunt of wheat (Tilletia tritici, T. laevis), which of the following are true?
- A.
  
  T. laevis teliospores are smooth.
- B.
  
  T. tritici teliospores are rough.
- C.
  
  Clouds of teliospores smell like rotting fish.
- D.
  
  Fungicide treated seed is a good control strategy.
- E.
  
  All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer
E. All of the above are correct.
20.

In common bunt of wheat (Tilletia tritici, T. laevis), formation of the "H-structure" is important because:
- A.
  
  It is necessary for the systemic infection of the wheat plant and developing spike.
- B.
  
  It precedes the formation of haploid "sporidia".
- C.
  
  It allows the smut to move to an alternate host.
- D.
  
  It is required for the formation of the infectious dikaryotic hyphae.
- E.
  
  Both "a" and "d" are correct.
Correct Answer
E. Both "a" and "d" are correct.
21.

How would you describe the following spore-producing structures of fungal pathogens: perithecium, pycnidium, and spermagonium.
- A.
  
  Completely enclosed
- B.
  
  Flask-shaped with an opening at the top
- C.
  
  Cup-shaped
- D.
  
  Horn-shaped and attached to a tree
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Flask-shaped with an opening at the top
22.

Which of the following are the best controls for stem rust of wheat (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici):
- A.
  
  Spraying barberry plants with fungicides
- B.
  
  Spraying wheat stems with fungicides
- C.
  
  Growing disease resistant wheat varieties
- D.
  
  Eradicating the barberry plant
- E.
  
  Both "c" and "d" are acceptable control measures.
Correct Answer
E. Both "c" and "d" are acceptable control measures.
23.

What are the unique features of basidiomycete mycelium?
- A.
  
  Dikaryotic hyphae required for the production of basidiocarps
- B.
  
  Dolipore septum
- C.
  
  Clamp connections in mushrooms and bracket fungi
- D.
  
  All of the above are correct.
- E.
  
  None of the above is correct.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correct.
24.

Identify the following asexual fungal structures with the corresponding number label:
- A.
  
  Pycnidium (#1), Sporodochium (#2), Coremium (#3), Acervulus (#4), Sclerotium (#5)
- B.
  
  Sporodochium (#1), Sclerotium (#2), Acervulus (#3), Coremium (#4), Pycnidium (#5)
- C.
  
  Sclerotium (#1), Acervulus (#2), Coremium (#3), Pycnidium (#4), Sporodochium (#5)
- D.
  
  Acervulus (#1), Coremium (#2), Pycnidium (#3), Sporodochium (#4), Sclerotium (#5)
- E.
  
  Coremium (#1), Pycnidium (#1), Sporodochium (#3), Sclerotium (#4), Acervulus (#5)
Correct Answer
A. Pycnidium (#1), Sporodochium (#2), Coremium (#3), Acervulus (#4), Sclerotium (#5)
25.

Cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginiae) is a "demicyclic rust". This means that the organism lacks which of the following spores stage:
- A.
  
  Spermatia/Spermatagonium
- B.
  
  Aeciospores/Aecia
- C.
  
  Urediniospores/Uredinia
- D.
  
  Teliospores/Telia
- E.
  
  Basidiospores/Basidia
Correct Answer
C. Urediniospores/Uredinia
26.

In cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginiae), telial horns are formed:
- A.
  
  From galls on cedar.
- B.
  
  On apple fruit.
- C.
  
  On apple leaves.
- D.
  
  All of the above.
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
A. From galls on cedar.
27.

In stem rust of wheat (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), which stage is a "repeating spore stage" (e.g., 2° inoculum)?
- A.
  
  Spermatia/Spermatagonium
- B.
  
  Aeciospores/Aecia
- C.
  
  Urediniospores/Uredinia
- D.
  
  Teliospores/Telia
- E.
  
  Basidiospores/Basidia
Correct Answer
C. Urediniospores/Uredinia
28.

Which of the following practices WOULD NOT contribute to disease control of common smut of corn (Ustilago maydis)?
- A.
  
  Controlling the European corn borer
- B.
  
  Plant more resistant sweet corn varieties
- C.
  
  Use crop rotation
- D.
  
  Eradication of the alternate host
- E.
  
  Plant dent corn (field corn) varieties
Correct Answer
D. Eradication of the alternate host
29.

The "Puccinia Pathway" is:
- A.
  
  Dependent upon the presence of barberry plants in the United States.
- B.
  
  The northerly movement of urediniospores from Mexico through the central United States.
- C.
  
  The northerly movement of teliospores and basidiospores from south Texas to North Dakota.
- D.
  
  The southerly movement of aeciospores from Kansas to Arkansas.
- E.
  
  An overwintering stage of black stem rust of wheat.
Correct Answer
B. The northerly movement of urediniospores from Mexico through the central United States.
30.

In stem rust of wheat (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), which spore stage functions as a "fertilization" step (plasmogamy) for this pathogen?
- A.
  
  Spermatia/Spermatagonium (on barberry)
- B.
  
  Aeciospores/Aecia (on barberry)
- C.
  
  Urediniospores/Uredinia (on wheat)
- D.
  
  Teliospores/Telia (on wheat)
- E.
  
  Basidiospores/Basidia (on wheat)
Correct Answer
A. Spermatia/Spermatagonium (on barberry)
31.

Black molds of fruit and similar post-harvest diseases may be caused by:
- A.
  
  An oomycete
- B.
  
  A zygomycete
- C.
  
  An ascomycete
- D.
  
  A deuteromycete
- E.
  
  A basidiomycete
Correct Answer
B. A zygomycete
32.

When the pathogen causing head blight (scab) of wheat colonizes developing kernels, it results in:
- A.
  
  Solanine contamination
- B.
  
  Aflatoxin contamination
- C.
  
  Vomitoxin (DON) contamination
- D.
  
  Ergotamine contamination
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Vomitoxin (DON) contamination
33.

Sunflower head rot (Rhizopus spp.) and whisker rot of cucurbits (Chaenophora cucurbitarum) cause rots because:
- A.
  
  The fungi produce copious amounts of host-selective toxins.
- B.
  
  The fungi produce plant growth regulating hormones.
- C.
  
  The fungi produce degradative enzymes.
- D.
  
  The fungi produce small amounts of non-selective toxins.
- E.
  
  None of the above.
Correct Answer
C. The fungi produce degradative enzymes.
34.

Which of the following drawings represents a sporangium being produced from an oospore in the spring during the grape downy mildew disease cycle?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Correct Answer
E.
35.

Which of the following drawings represents sporangia being produced on the undersides of leaves through stomates during the grape downy mildew disease cycle?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Correct Answer
D.
36.

Which of the following drawings represent apothecia germinating from fruit "mummies" on the orchard floor during the brown rot of stone fruit disease cycle.
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Correct Answer
A.
37.

Which of the following drawings represent an apothecium cross-section showing asci (containing ascospores)?
- A.
  
  Answer option 1
- B.
  
  Answer option 2
- C.
  
  Answer option 3
- D.
  
  Answer option 4
- E.
Correct Answer
B. Answer option 2
38.

Which of the following drawings represent conidia serving as secondary inoculum?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
Correct Answer
E.
39.

Which of the following drawings represent an ascus liberating its ascospores?
- A.
- B.
- C.
  
  A
- D.
- E.
Correct Answer
D.

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Aug 03, 2013

Quiz Created by
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