Uts Geografi Semester II

Tanah humus adalah tanah yang terbentuk dari pembusukan tanaman. Proses pembusukan ini menghasilkan bahan organik yang kaya akan nutrisi dan mempengaruhi kesuburan tanah. Tanah humus memiliki warna gelap dan tekstur yang subur, serta mampu menahan air dengan baik. Bahan organik dalam tanah humus juga membantu meningkatkan sirkulasi udara dalam tanah dan mengikat nutrisi, sehingga cocok untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.

Manusia tidak termasuk faktor pembentuk tanah karena manusia tidak secara langsung mempengaruhi pembentukan tanah alami. Faktor-faktor pembentuk tanah yang lain seperti iklim, topografi, air, dan batuan induk berperan dalam proses pembentukan tanah secara alami.

The correct answer is "semakin kecil". This suggests that as the air pressure increases, it leads to a decrease in size or volume.

The correct answer is "Konvergen". Konvergen refers to the process where two tectonic plates move towards each other, resulting in the collision or subduction of one plate beneath the other. This process often leads to the formation of mountains, volcanic activity, and earthquakes. It is the opposite of divergen, where two plates move away from each other. Degradasi refers to the process of breaking down or wearing away of rocks, while intrusi and ekstrusi refer to the movement of magma within or outside the Earth's crust respectively.

The correct answer is "Tektonik, vulkanik dan seisme". This answer is correct because it includes three types of endogenous forces or processes that shape the Earth's surface. Tektonik refers to the movement and deformation of the Earth's crust, which can create mountains, faults, and folds. Vulkanik refers to volcanic activity, which can result in the formation of volcanoes and volcanic landforms. Seisme refers to seismic activity, specifically earthquakes, which are caused by the release of energy in the Earth's crust. These three processes are all examples of endogenous forces that contribute to the shaping of the Earth's surface.

The correct answer is "Menyaring udara melalui lapisan ozon". The stratospheric layer functions as a filter for air by containing the ozone layer. The ozone layer plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface. This filtration process helps protect living organisms from the harmful effects of excessive UV radiation.

Pelapukan adalah proses dimana batuan mengalami perubahan dan pecah menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil akibat faktor-faktor seperti perubahan suhu. Dalam konteks ini, hancurnya batuan kapur menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil disebabkan oleh perubahan suhu, sehingga menjadikan pelapukan sebagai proses yang tepat untuk menjelaskan fenomena ini.

The correct answer is 4,5 and 6. Tenaga eksogen refers to external forces that shape the Earth's surface, such as weathering, erosion, and deposition. Vulkanisme, gempa bumi, and tektonisme are examples of tenaga endogen, which are internal forces that shape the Earth's crust. Therefore, the correct answer includes only the options that mention weathering (4), erosion (5), and deposition (6).

The time difference between the primary wave and the secondary wave is 5 minutes (23.50 - 23.45). Since the speed of the primary wave is faster than the secondary wave, we can assume that the primary wave arrived at the station first. The time difference between the arrival of the two waves is 5 seconds (0.20 - 0.20). We can use this time difference to calculate the distance of the epicenter using the formula Distance = Speed x Time. Assuming the speed of the waves is constant, the distance of the epicenter is 5000 km.

Pancaroba is the correct answer because it refers to the transition period between the dry season and the rainy season. During this time, the weather is unpredictable and can vary between hot and dry to wet and rainy. The term "pancaroba" is commonly used in Indonesian language to describe this seasonal transition.

The correct answer is Isotherm. An isotherm is a line on a map that connects places with the same temperature. It is used to visualize temperature patterns and variations across a specific area or region. By connecting points with equal temperature values, isotherms help to identify temperature gradients and patterns, such as areas of high or low temperature.

The correct answer is "Turunnya hujan dan vulkanisme" which translates to "The occurrence of cold lahars is caused by rainfall and volcanism." Lahars are volcanic mudflows that can be triggered by heavy rainfall mixing with volcanic ash and debris. The rainwater can mobilize loose volcanic material and create a fast-moving flow that can cause significant damage downstream. Volcanic activity plays a crucial role in the formation of lahars, as it provides the volcanic ash and debris that can be transported by the rainfall.

Andosol adalah jenis tanah yang cocok untuk tanaman kopi, kina, dan teh. Andosol memiliki kandungan mineral yang tinggi dan kaya akan bahan organik. Tanah ini juga memiliki sifat yang baik dalam menyimpan air dan nutrisi, serta memiliki struktur yang baik untuk pertumbuhan akar tanaman. Karena itu, tanaman kopi, kina, dan teh akan tumbuh dengan baik dan menghasilkan hasil yang optimal jika ditanam di tanah jenis Andosol.

Orografis adalah jenis hujan yang terjadi karena massa udara dipaksa naik kepegunungan. Ketika angin bertemu dengan pegunungan, angin akan terpaksa naik dan mendinginkan udara di atasnya. Udara yang mendingin ini kemudian akan membentuk awan dan akhirnya turun sebagai hujan di sisi lembah atau lereng gunung yang berlawanan dengan arah angin. Inilah yang menyebabkan terjadinya hujan orografis.

Papua is the correct answer because it is the only island in Indonesia that does not experience volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. This is due to the fact that Papua is located on the easternmost part of the country and is not part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is known for its high volcanic and seismic activity.

The correct answer is "Waktu dan tempat" because the difference between climate and weather is primarily determined by the time and location. Climate refers to the long-term average weather conditions of a particular place, while weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. Therefore, the variation in time and location is what distinguishes climate from weather.

Gunung api yang hanya meletus satu kali dan kemudian mati termasuk jenis gunung api Maar.

The correct answer is "Tempat memantulkan gelombang radio" (Place to reflect radio waves). The mesosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It is known to reflect radio waves due to its composition and altitude. This property of the mesosphere makes it important for long-distance radio communication, as it allows radio signals to be bounced off this layer and transmitted over longer distances.

The correct answer is Steppa. Nusa Tenggara is a region with low rainfall intensity, which means that the vegetation that grows in this area is likely to be steppa. Steppa is a type of vegetation characterized by grasslands with few trees and shrubs, adapted to dry and arid conditions. This type of vegetation is commonly found in regions with low rainfall and limited water availability. Therefore, it is suitable for Nusa Tenggara, which has a low rainfall pattern.

The correct answer is "Banyak gunung api" (Many volcanoes). Indonesia is located in the Ring of Fire, an area in the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. This is because Indonesia is situated on the boundary between two tectonic plates, the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. The subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate has resulted in the formation of numerous volcanoes in Indonesia. These volcanoes contribute to the rich volcanic soil in the region, making it suitable for agriculture and supporting a diverse ecosystem.

Physical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without any change in their chemical composition. High temperature variations can cause physical weathering by creating stress on the rocks. As the temperature changes, the rocks expand and contract, leading to the formation of cracks and fractures. Over time, these cracks widen and break the rocks into smaller fragments. Therefore, the high temperature variations can cause physical weathering.

The high humidity in Indonesia is caused by its location in the tropical region and being surrounded by the sea. The combination of these factors leads to high levels of moisture in the air.

The correct answer is Oktober - Maret. During these months, Indonesia experiences the monsoon season, which is characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity. This is due to the prevailing wind patterns that bring moisture from the Indian Ocean and result in prolonged rainy periods.

The correct answer is "Mofet" because a mofet is a type of gas source that releases sulfur. It is commonly found in volcanic areas and is characterized by the emission of hot gases and steam. The other options, such as erupsi, solfatar, fumarol, and geyser, are not specifically associated with the release of sulfur gas.

Erosi yang disebabkan oleh tenaga es yang terjadi di daerah kutub dan pegunungan tinggi disebut eksarasi. This answer correctly identifies the process of erosion caused by ice in polar regions and high mountains. Eksarasi refers specifically to the erosion caused by glaciers and ice sheets, which can carve out valleys, create fjords, and shape the landscape through the movement and melting of ice.

The correct answer is "Nitrogen, CO2, oksigen dan argon" because nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, followed by oxygen, carbon dioxide, and argon. This order is based on the composition of the Earth's atmosphere, where nitrogen makes up about 78% of the air, oxygen makes up about 21%, carbon dioxide is present in trace amounts (around 0.04%), and argon is the third most abundant gas, making up about 0.93% of the atmosphere.

The correct answer is Stratosfer. The stratosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. It is characterized by the presence of the ozone layer, which plays a crucial role in filtering out harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The stratosphere is where most of the weather phenomena occur, such as the formation of clouds and the jet stream. It is also where commercial airplanes typically fly, as it provides a more stable and smoother flight experience.

The correct answer is "Tempat terbakarnya meteor". The exosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere, where the air is extremely thin. Meteors are small rocks or debris that enter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up due to the friction with the air molecules. This burning process usually occurs in the exosphere, making it the place where meteors burn up.

The given options describe natural phenomena caused by exogenous forces, except for "Pecahnya Batuan oleh tekanan suhu" which translates to "The breaking of rocks due to temperature pressure." This option does not involve any external forces but rather refers to the internal processes of rocks breaking due to changes in temperature and pressure.

Stratus clouds are low-level clouds that typically form between 6-12 km in altitude. They are characterized by their flat, uniform appearance and often cover the entire sky, creating a gray or white overcast. Unlike other types of clouds listed, such as Cirrus or Cumulus, Stratus clouds are known for their low altitude and horizontal development. Therefore, the correct answer is Stratus.