Quizzes About Chemistry

1. The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.

True

False

2. All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

True

False

3. Bacteria that reside in the large intestine make vitamin k.

True

False

4. Bacteria that reside in the large intestine make vitamin c

True

False

5. Which of the following is not a common risk factor for acid reflux disease?

Eating fatty or spicy food

Being overweight or obese

Sitting upright after a meal

Snacking near bedtime

6. The ______________ circulation drains all of the organs of the digestive system.

Peritoneal

Hepatic portal

Visceral

Splanchnic

7. Conversion of large carbon chains into Acetyl CoA best describes:

Lipolysis

Beta oxidation

Glycolysis

Fermentation

8. What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

Esophagus

Anus

Stomach

Pancreas

Large intestine

9. The solutes contained in saliva include _____________/

Mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals

Only proteases and amylase

Only salts and minerals

Electrolytes, digestive enzymes, mucin, lysozymes, wastes, and IgA

10. The absorption effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

The rugae and haustra

Plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli

The vast array of digestive enzymes

Brunner's glands and peter's patches

11. The intestinal phase of stomach digestion is triggered by partially digested nutrients filling the pylorus.

True

False

12. What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chime through the lumen?

Villi

Microvilli

Circular folds

Lacteals

13. How would you classify chewing food?

Ingestion

Propulsion

Mechanical breakdown

Digestion

14. Peritoneal organs are completely covered in a serous membrane and have a dorsal and ventral mesentery.

True

False

15. The pylorus empties into the

Colon

Ileum

Jejunum

Duodenum

Cecum

16. Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium?

Submucosa

Serosa

Muscularis externa

Mucosa

17. Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissue is classified?

Number of cell layers

Shape of the cells

Location

Type of secretion

18. Where does the process of segmentation occur?

Anus

Stomach

Esophagus

Small intestine

19. Which of the following is not true of saliva?

Moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

Cleanses the mouth

Dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

20. Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue?

Epithelia tissue does not exhibit polarity

Epithelial tissue is innnervated

Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate

Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels

21. From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

Muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa

Submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

22. Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption/

True

False

23. The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.

True

False

24. It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because

Most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients

Very few foods contain vitamins

All vitamins are water soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilization

Vitamins provide protection against the common cold

25. Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function?

Simple squamous epithelium; filtration

Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli; absorption

Stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

Simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion

26. The hormone that stimulated secretion and contraction by the stomach is

Gastrin

CCK

Cholcystokinin

Secretin

Enteropepridase

27. The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following?

Intrinsic factor

Bicarbonate-and-potassium-rich mucus

Digestive enzymes such as CCK and secretin

Bile

28. Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins

Saliva cleanse the mouth

Saliva moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus

Saliva dissolves food chemicals so that they can be tasted

29. Where does all of the carbon from glucose end up after all of Aerobic Respiration?

Carbon dioxide

Pyruvate

Acetyl CoA

Water

30. The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as

Fat utilization

Lipogensis

Gluconeogenesis

Lipolysis

31. In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions?

Acinar cells

Duct cells

Islet of Langerhans cells

32. Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of __________.

Anabolism

Mastication

Catabolism

Fermentation

33. Enteric interneurons that are inhibitory to smooth muscle use which of the following neurotransmitters?

Norepinephrine

AcH (acetylcholine)

VIP (vasoactice intestinal peptide)

Substance P

34. The palatine tonsils are located between which two structures?

The palatopharyngeal arch and the throar

The tongue and the floor of the oral cavity

The palatoharngeal arch and the palatoglossal arch

The soft palate and the hard palate

35. Which of the following statements best describes complete proteins?

Must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth

Derived only from legumes and other plant material

Meet all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet

Derived from meat and fish only

36. The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

Plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli

Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches

The vast array of digestive enzymes

The rugae and haustra

37. You observe a tissue under a microscope. There appears to be a lumen on one side of the tissue. Lining this lumen, the cells seem to have long, fingerlike projections. Beneath the projections, the cells seem to have the shape of shoeboxes and are packed tightly together. What type of tissue are you looking at?

Transitional epithelia

Simple cuboidal epithelia

Simple columnar epithelia

Stratified squamous epithelia

38. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

Duodenum

Mouth

Stomach

Ileum

Esophagus

39. What role of the stomach is essential to life?

Production of intrinsic factor

Production of VIP

Production of chyme

Production of hydrochloric acid

40. Which of the following processes is used to produce glucose from various carbon sources when blood glucose levels drops?

Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

41. The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ___________.

Lamina propria

Mesenteries

Mucosal lining

Serosal lining

42. Parietal cells of the stomach produce

Hydrochloric acid

Rennin

Mucin

Pepsinogen

43. When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called___________.

Mechanical digestion

Chemical digestion

Secretion

Absorption

44. The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except

Absorption of monosaccharides

Digestion of carbohydrates

Analysis of material before swallowing

Lubrication

Mechanical processing of food

45. A person with ankyloglossia would likely have difficulty pronouncing the word _____________.

"yes"

"no"

"biology"

All of the listed responses are correct

46. Which of the following functions is NOT correctly matched with its description?

Mechanical breakdown: churning movements in the GI tracts

Absorptions: intake of chemically processed nutrients

Ingestion: intake of food nutreints

Propulsion: physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract

47. Which digestive process does NOT occur in the mouth?

Mechanical breakdown

Digestion

Ingestion

Segmentation

48. Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion

Bile functions to carry bilrubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs

Bile contains enzymes for digestion

Bile functions to emulsify fats

49. What is the condition called where a proximal portion of the stomach pushed through an opening in the diaphragm, allowing acid to pass into the esophagus?

Esophageal varices

Dysepsia

Dysphagia

Hiatal hernia

50. Which of the following intestinal hormones stimulated the release of bile from the gall bladder?

CCK (cholecystokinin)

Motilin

Gastrin

GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)

51. What feature of smooth muscle allows it to stretch without immediately resulting in a strong contraction?

Low energy requirements

Stress-relaxation response

Slow, prolonged contractile activity

Smooth muscle tone

52. Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesizes and secretes these products.

Enteroendocrine cells

Parietal cells

Mucuos neck cells

Zymogenic cells

53. A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates __________.

Alkalosis

Dysphagia

Ketosis

Acidosis

54. When blood glucose level drops, which of these is a fast process that releases glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles?

Gluconeogenesis

Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

Lipolysis

55. Which other organ can affect small-intestine motility?

Stomach

Pancrease

Mouth

Large intestine

56. Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

Starches

Lipids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

57. Which of the following is true?

Smooth muscle lacks the thin and thick filaments characteristic of skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle fibers tend to be shorter than smooth muscle fibers

Skeletal muscle lacks the coarse connective tissue sheaths that are found in smooth muscle

Skeletal muscle fibers contains sarcomeres; smooth muscle fibers do not

58. The greater omentum is

The entrance to the stomach

A sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver

Attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature

A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal visvera

Important in the digestion of fats

59. Which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary canal?

A lining of columnar epithelium

An oblique muscle layer

Mucus-forming cells

A circular muscle layer

60. Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the _______________.

Small intestine

Liver

Stomach

Large intestine

61. Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function to

Mastication

Moving the tongue

Opening the cardiac sphincter

Swallowing

Esophageal peristalsis

62. Inflammation produced localized

Heat

Redness

Pain

Swelling

All of the answers are correct

63. The molecules that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is

Protein

Fat

Acetyl CoA

Glucose

64. Which chemical most directly supplies the energy for ATP production?

O

H

C

None of these

65. A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is _____________.

Pancreatic juice

Bile

Intestinal juice

Gastric juice

66. Unitary smooth muscle is found in all hollow organs except for the heart. What structures do both heart muscles and unitary smooth muscle share that allows them to contract as a functional group?

Gap junctions

Caveolae

Epimysium

T tubules

67. Which of the following does NOT describe a basic regulator of digestive control?

Digestive effectors are smooth muscle and glands

PH, stretch, and osmolarity are some of the inputs that can initiate digestive responses

Conscious neural control

Short reflexes act locally in the GI tract

68. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

Appendix

Spleen

Pancreas

Esophagus

Colon

69. The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum

The acid secretion from the stomach would be sufficient tom digest this food

Severe indigestion from the stomach would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestice enzymes

This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset

70. In response to the arrival of acidic chyme in the duodenum, the

Blood levels of gastrin rise

Blood levels of enterocrine fall

Liver releases enzymes for chemical digestion

Blood levels of secretin rise

Blood levels of cholevystokinin fall

71. Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

Parietal cells

Mucous neck cells

Zymogenic cells

Enteroendocrine cells

72. The pancreas secretes _______________.

Secretin

Procarboxypeptidase

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Bile

73. What control mechanism opens the gastroesophageal sphincter?

Constriction of the upper esophageal sphincter

Detection of nutrients in the esophagus

Peristalsis in the esophagus

PH changes in the esophagus

74. When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly

Acetyl CoA

Ketone bodies

Urea

Ammonia

75. Which type of muscle is found in the wall of hollow organs?

Unitary smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Multi unit smooth muscle

76. From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made of the the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

Submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa

Muscularis externa, serosa, musosa, and submucosa

Serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

77. Hyposalivation can be treated with a drug that ____________.

Binds to adrenergic receptors in salivary gland serous cells

Us sympathomimetic

Stimulates muscarinic receptors in salivary gland serous cells

Mimics the action of epinephrine secreted y the adrenal medullaev

78. Which of these descriptions best matched the term gastrin?

Stimulates gastric secretion

Where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum

Causes gallbladder to contract

Stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid

Carries absorbed sugars and amino acids

79. What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?

Nervous tissue

Epithelium

Connective tissue

Muscle

80. Parietal cells secrete

Gastrin

Hydrochloric acid

Pepsinogen

Mucus

Enteropeptidase

81. Which of the following is a function of the tongue?

Secretion of mucins

Sensory analysis

Manipulation to assist with chewing

Mechanical processing

All of the answers are correct

82. The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

Intrinsic nerve plexus

Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons

The contents of the digestive tract

Hormones

All of the answers are correct

83. The term metabolism is best defined as

The number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day

The sum of biochemical reactions involved in building breaking down molecules

The length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats

A measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories

84. The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is

Secretin

Gastrin

Enterocrinin

GIP

Cholecystokinin

85. The soft palate rises reflexively to open the nasopharynx when we swallow food.

True

False

86. Products of fat digestion are transported initially by

The interstitial fluid

The arterioles

Veins

Capillaries

Lymphatic vessels

87. There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs

Before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

Immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients

When the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

88. You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?

Trypsin

Gastrin

Cholecystokinin

Amylase

89. Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

Filtration

Mechanical processing

Compaction

Ingestion

Absorption

90. Which of the following provides the least energetic (ATP) output from metabolism?

Aerobic respiration

Glycolysis

Amino acid metabolism

Lipid metabolism

91. Peristaltic waves are ___________.

Churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract

Segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract

Waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another

Pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract

92. Which of the following inhibits salivation?

The sights or smell of food

Relaxing after a meal

Being stressed or frightened

Ingestion of spicy foods

93. Where do the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands empty into the oral cavity?

The base of the lingual frenulum

The floor of the mouth under the tongue

The vestibule near the upper molars

Along the upper surface of the tongue

94. Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

Parietal cells

Mucous neck cells

Chief cells

Serous cells

95. What muscle forms the labia of the mouth and controls most lip movements, including puckering?

Buccinator

Zygomaticus

Orbicularis Oris

Levator labii superioris

96. Which condition would lead to the lowest yield of ATP?

Metabolism of amino acids

Aerobic conditions

Metabolism of pyruvate in the mitochondria

Lack of oxygen

97. What triggers the release of secretin from the small intestine?

Presence of proteins in chyme entering the small intestine

Presence of bile in the small intestine

The presence of acidic, fatty, chyme in the small intestine

Presence of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the small intestine

98. Which layer of the digestive tract controls digestive propulsion?

Submucosa

Serosa

Mucosa

Muscularis externa

99. Which of the following is not true about saliva?

Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

Moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

Cleanses the mouth

Dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

100. In a patient suffering from untreated infection-induced peritonitis, an infection in the visceral peritoneum immediately _______________.

Spreads directly to the parietal peritoneum

Spreads directly to the retroperitoneal organs

Causes appendicitis

All of the listed responses are correct

101. Chief cells

Produce pepsinogen

Produce mucin

Produce gastrin

Produce HCL

102. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

K

A

B12

C

103. The deciduous dentition consists of ___________ teeth.

10

16

20

32

104. During which phase in the control of the digestive system would bicarbonate and bile stimulated?

Gastric phase

Intestinal phase

Cephalic phase

105. Which enzymes are responsible for the final chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?

Proteases

Pancreatic enzymes

Amylases

Brush border enzymes

106. In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach

Is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

Is the first site where absorption takes place

Initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

Is the only place where fats are completely digested

107. Which of the following processes is used to produce glucose from various carbon sources when blood glucose levels drop?

Glycogenolysis

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Lipolysis

108. The submucosal nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall and controls GI motility.

True

False

109. Which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food?

Mastication

Segmentation

Peristalsis

Churning

110. Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

Segmentation

Churning movements

Pendular movements

Mastication

Peristalsis

111. The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called?

Digestion

Ingestion

Secretion

Absorption

112. Lipogensis occurs when

Cellular ATP and glucose levels are high

There is a shortage of fatty acids

Excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane

Glucose levels drop slightly

113. Which one do you like?

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

114. Which of these is not a component of saliva?

Defensins

A cyanide derivative

Nitric oxide

Lysozyme

115. A mumps viral infection of the two parotid glands many _____________.

Inhibit contraction of the masseter muscle

Spread to the other salivary glands

Stimulate constriction of blood vessels that serve these glands

All of the listed responses are correct

116. Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis?

Serosa

Muscularis externa

Submucosa

Mucosa

117. The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

Papillae

Cardia

Plicae

Villi

Rugae

118. Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of

Starches and complex carbohydrates

Protein and peptide fragments

Fatty acids

Simple carbohydrates and alcohols

119. The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located

In the walls of the tract organs

In the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen

In the pons and medulla

In the oral cavity

120. Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation?

A lemon

Fear

The thought of food

Nausea

121. The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called

Secretion

Ingestion

Digestion

Absorption

122. The primary function of the lymphatic system is

The transport of hormones

Circulation of dissolved gases

Circulation of nutrients

The production and distribution of plasma proteins

Defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats

123. Gastrin is a digestive hormones that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________________.

Starches and complex carbohydrates

Protein and peptide fragments

Fatty acids

Simple carbohydrates and alcohols

124. Which of the following GI hormones promotes a pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions?

Gastrin

GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)

Secretin

Motilin

125. Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by:

Sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

Bile from the liver

Water that was ingested with the food

Trypsin

Enzymes from the intestinal crypts

126. The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons

True

False

127. The function of goblet cells is to

Secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral

Absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use

Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes need for food digestion

Provide protection against invading bacteria an other disease-causing organism that enter the digestive tract in food

128. Cytotoxic T cells

Self-destruct once the antigen has been neutralized

Are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells

Require the double recognition signal of I MHC plus II MHC on the target cell in order to function

Function mainly to stimulate the proliferation of other T cell populations

129. Norepinephrine is the neureotransmitter released by which fibers?

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers

Interneurons of the enteric nervous system

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

130. All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that is

Is constantly being replaced

Has a simple columnar epithelium

Contains gastric pits

Recycles bile

Is covered by a thick, viscous mucus

131. Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butter fat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which o he following enzymes is responsible?

Cholcystokinin

Pepsin

Rennin

Lipase

132. Which of the following is NOT inhibited by the intestine-intestinal reflex?

Segmentation

Muscularis mucosae

Gastroileal reflex

Migrating motility complex

133. Which layer of the alimentary canal contains not only glands and blood vessels but also a nerve plexus that helps regulate digestive activity?

Submucoa

Muscularis externa

Serosa

Mucosa

134. All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that is

Functions to control the rate of gastric emptying

Precedes the gastric phase

Begins when chyme enters the small intestine

Helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency

Involves both neural and endocrine reflexes

135. The primary immune response

Occurs when memory cells are stimulated

Is another name for immunological memory

Occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response

Has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

136. The primary function of cellular respiration is to

Efficiently monitor the energy needs for the body

Determine the amount of heat needed by the human body

Break down food molecules and generate ATP

Provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals

137. Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except

Absorption of triglycerides

Mechanical breakdown of food

Storage of ingested food

Denaturation of proteins

Initiation of protein digestion

138. The enzyme pepsin digest

Carbohydrates

Nucleic acids

Vitamins

Lipids

Proteins

139. The enzyme amylase digests

Peptides

Polysaccharides

Nucleotides

Triglycerides

Disaccharides

140. If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the _____________.

Submucosa

Serosa

Muscularis externa

Mucosa

141. HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen?

Parietal

Chief

Paracrine (also known as enteroendrocrine cells)

G cells

142. The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. 1. Several cycles of mitosis occur2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxinThe correct sequence for these steps is:

2,4,1,5,3,6

3,6,4,5,1,2

3,2,4,1,5,6

1,2,4,5,3,6

4,1,5,3,6,2

143. The gastric phase of secretion is triggered by the

Entry of chyme into the small intestine

Sight, thought, or smell of food

Release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine

Entry of food into the stomach

Entry of chyme into the large intestine

144. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a bacteria?

One chromone

May have a slime coat

Has a cell wall

Not a living cell

145. Gastric juice does not typically cause a burning sensation within the stomach. But reflux of this gastric juice into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation. One reason why this occurs is that the esophagus ________.

Secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus

Is internally lined by epithelial cells that are in direct physical contact with the contents of the esophagus

Has enzymes that react with stomach acid to cause a burning sensation

None of the listed responses is correct

146. The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

B cells

NK cells

T cells

Phagocytes

Plasma cells

147. The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to

Distribute hormones throughout the body

Carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract

Return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

148. The outermost tissue of the alimentary canal is the _____________.

Serosa

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

149. Which hormone causes an increased output of enzymes-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contractions to release bille?

Gastric inhibitor peptide

Gastrin

Cholecystokinin

Secretin

150. Gluconeogenesis is the process in which

Glycogen is formed

Glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water

Glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors

Glycogen is broken down to release glucose

151. Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion

The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion

Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2)

Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric secretion

Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food enters the mouth

152. Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of

Disaccharides

Vitamins

Proteins

Complex carbohydrates

Fats

153. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the large intestine? It ______

Exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli

Is longer than the small intestine

Has pocket-like sacs called haustra

Does not contain villi

154. Which of the following is not characteristic of a virus?

Protein coating

Causes cell lysis

Causes infections in body fluids

RNA or DNA core

155. Select the correct statement about digestive processes

Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex

Enterogastrone is a hormone that helps increase gastric motility

All commonly ingested substance are significantly absorbed by the mucosa of the stomach

Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the stomach for the purpose of starch digestion

156. Chyme is created in the

Esophagus

Small intestine

Mouth

Stomach

157. B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by

Forming a large number of cells that are unlike the original B cell

Producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells

Reducing its size

Immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies

158. Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

Skin defenses

Fever

Immunological surveillance

159. In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused

Enteroendocrine cells

Parietal cells

Chief cells

Mucous cells

160. Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves

A significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa

Cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction

Secretions from the spleen that contain all enzymes necessary from complete digestion

Bile salts that help emulsify carbohydrates so that they can be easily digested by enzymatic action

161. During the primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur, except

B cells may undergo several rounds of mitosis before producing plasma cells and memory cells

The first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are the IgM type

B cells may differentiate into plasma cells immediately

Antibody levels do not peak until 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure

Neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances

162. An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) secretion in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effect of HCl?

CCK (cholecystokinin)

Secretin

Gastrin

GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)

163. Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except

Body hair

Epithelium

Complement

Basement membranes

Secretions

164. Match the following

Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid

Formation of glucose from proteins or fats

Storage of glucose in the form of glycogen

Submit

165. Match the following

Ten-step enzymatically driven process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid

Produced the CO2 involved during glucose oxidation

Where the hydrogen atom removed during the oxidation of food fuels are combined with O2

Submit

166. Match the following

Secretin

Gastrin

Cholecystokinin

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

Submit

167. Match the following

Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube

Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs into simpler units

Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecules

Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph

Submit

168. Match the following

Increases output of enzymatic-rich pancreatic juice

Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions

Increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle

Submit

Quizzes About Chemistry

1. The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

3. Bacteria that reside in the large intestine make vitamin k.

4. Bacteria that reside in the large intestine make vitamin c

5. Which of the following is not a common risk factor for acid reflux disease?

6. The ______________ circulation drains all of the organs of the digestive system.

7. Conversion of large carbon chains into Acetyl CoA best describes:

8. What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

9. The solutes contained in saliva include _____________/

10. The absorption effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

11. The intestinal phase of stomach digestion is triggered by partially digested nutrients filling the pylorus.

12. What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chime through the lumen?

13. How would you classify chewing food?

14. Peritoneal organs are completely covered in a serous membrane and have a dorsal and ventral mesentery.

15. The pylorus empties into the

16. Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium?

17. Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissue is classified?

18. Where does the process of segmentation occur?

19. Which of the following is not true of saliva?

20. Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue?

21. From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

22. Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption/

23. The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.

24. It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because

25. Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function?

26. The hormone that stimulated secretion and contraction by the stomach is

27. The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following?

28. Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

29. Where does all of the carbon from glucose end up after all of Aerobic Respiration?

30. The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as

31. In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions?

32. Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of __________.

33. Enteric interneurons that are inhibitory to smooth muscle use which of the following neurotransmitters?

34. The palatine tonsils are located between which two structures?

35. Which of the following statements best describes complete proteins?

36. The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

38. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

39. What role of the stomach is essential to life?

40. Which of the following processes is used to produce glucose from various carbon sources when blood glucose levels drops?

41. The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ___________.

42. Parietal cells of the stomach produce

43. When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called___________.

44. The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except

45. A person with ankyloglossia would likely have difficulty pronouncing the word _____________.

46. Which of the following functions is NOT correctly matched with its description?

47. Which digestive process does NOT occur in the mouth?

48. Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

49. What is the condition called where a proximal portion of the stomach pushed through an opening in the diaphragm, allowing acid to pass into the esophagus?

50. Which of the following intestinal hormones stimulated the release of bile from the gall bladder?

51. What feature of smooth muscle allows it to stretch without immediately resulting in a strong contraction?

52. Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesizes and secretes these products.

54. When blood glucose level drops, which of these is a fast process that releases glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles?

55. Which other organ can affect small-intestine motility?

56. Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

57. Which of the following is true?

58. The greater omentum is

59. Which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary canal?

60. Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the _______________.

61. Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function to

62. Inflammation produced localized

63. The molecules that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is

64. Which chemical most directly supplies the energy for ATP production?

65. A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is _____________.

66. Unitary smooth muscle is found in all hollow organs except for the heart. What structures do both heart muscles and unitary smooth muscle share that allows them to contract as a functional group?

67. Which of the following does NOT describe a basic regulator of digestive control?

68. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

69. The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

70. In response to the arrival of acidic chyme in the duodenum, the

71. Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

72. The pancreas secretes _______________.

73. What control mechanism opens the gastroesophageal sphincter?

74. When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly

75. Which type of muscle is found in the wall of hollow organs?

76. From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made of the the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

77. Hyposalivation can be treated with a drug that ____________.

78. Which of these descriptions best matched the term gastrin?

79. What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?