إختبار في أساسيات التمريض -1

Explanation
The correct answer is 100 - 60. This range represents the normal pulse rate for an adult. The upper limit of 100 beats per minute indicates the maximum heart rate, while the lower limit of 60 beats per minute represents the minimum heart rate. This range is considered normal for a healthy adult.

Explanation
Encouraging the patient to consume large amounts of fluids is a priority in the case of sickle cell anemia. This is because dehydration can worsen the symptoms of sickle cell anemia and increase the risk of a sickle cell crisis. Adequate hydration helps to prevent the sickling of red blood cells and reduces the likelihood of blockages in blood vessels, which can cause pain and organ damage. Therefore, encouraging the patient to drink plenty of fluids is crucial in managing their condition.

Explanation
An expected symptom or sign of anemia is a rapid and shallow respiratory rate. Anemia decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to an increase in the respiratory rate as the body tries to compensate for the decreased oxygen levels. A respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute and being shallow suggests that the patient is experiencing difficulty in getting enough oxygen, which is consistent with the diagnosis of anemia. The other options, such as blood pressure, weight gain, and pink spots on the skin, are not directly related to anemia.

Explanation
The priority nursing diagnosis for a leukemia patient would be the risk of bleeding due to low platelet count. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the production of blood cells, including platelets. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, and a low platelet count can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, monitoring the patient's platelet levels and implementing measures to prevent bleeding would be a priority in their care. The other options, such as changes in oral membranes due to chemotherapy, disease-related fatigue, and unstable family situation, may also be important considerations, but they are not as immediately life-threatening as the risk of bleeding.

Explanation
The correct answer is "النخامية" (the pituitary gland). The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland because it controls the secretion of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases several important hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in maintaining overall hormonal balance in the body.

Explanation
The correct answer is 70 - 110 mg/dl. This range represents the normal blood sugar level for an adult. Blood sugar levels outside of this range may indicate a potential health issue, such as diabetes. It is important to regularly monitor blood sugar levels and consult a healthcare professional for proper management and treatment if necessary.

Explanation
The correct answer is 38. This suggests that if the gestational age of the baby is less than 38 weeks, then the baby is considered premature.

Explanation
The correct answer is "هشاشة العظام" (Osteoporosis). Osteoporosis is a disorder in which there is a decrease in bone mass, leading to fragile and weak bones. This condition increases the risk of fractures and is more common in older individuals, particularly women after menopause. It is characterized by a loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, making the bones more susceptible to fractures.