MSFT2700 Lesson8 AD FSMO
The ntdsutil utility allows you to transfer and seize FSMO roles. When you use this tool to seize a FSMO role, the tool attempts a transfer from the current role owner first. Ntdsutil will only actually seize the role if the existing FSMO holder is unavailable.
Explanation
Active Directory supports five FSMO roles. Their functionality is divided between domain-wide and forest-wide FSMOs.
Planning the appropriate locations for FSMO role holders requires that you consider the following design aspects: the number of domains that are or will be part of the forest, the physical structure of the network, and the number of domain controllers that will be available in each domain.
The global catalog holds a subset of forest-wide Active Directory objects and acts as a central repository by holding a complete copy of all objects from the host server’s local domain with a partial copy of all objects from other domains within the same forest, called the partial attribute set (PAS).
When a user initiates a search for an object in Active Directory, the request is automatically sent to TCP port 3268, which is used by Active Directory to direct these requests to a global catalog server. One of the SRV records used by Active Directory refers to the global catalog, or _gc, service, which listens on port 3268 to respond to these requests.
The role transfer process is used when you move a FSMO role gracefully from one domain controller to another. You can transfer FSMO roles from one domain controller to another to improve Active Directory performance or as a temporary measure when a domain controller will be taken offline for maintenance.
For sites that do not have a global catalog server available, Windows Server 2008 offers a feature called universal group membership caching. This stores universal group memberships on a local domain controller that can be used for logon to the domain, eliminating the need for frequent access to a global catalog server.
The RID is a variable-length number that is assigned to objects at creation and becomes part of the object’s security identifier (SID). A SID is used to uniquely identify an object throughout the Active Directory domain. Part of the SID identifies the domain to which the object belongs, and the other part is the RID.
Domain local and global group memberships are stored at the domain level; universal group memberships are stored in the global catalog.
As a rule of thumb, you should estimate 50 percent of the size of the ntds.dit file of every other domain in the forest when sizing hardware for a global catalog server.
A security identifier (SID) is used to uniquely identify an object throughout the Active Directory domain. Part of the SID identifies the domain to which the object belongs, and the other part is the RID.
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