Move To Global War - Italy - IB Paper 1 - By Dan Guiney
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Who was Selassie's daughter?
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Grotbags
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Katy Perry
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Princess Romanework
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Ariana Grande
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A little pop quiz for IB students to test knowledge of the reasons for and events involved in Italian expansion. For more information and resources visit www. Flippinghistory. Net
Quiz Preview
- 2.
The League of Nations was the 14th Point of which US President?
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Joe Biden
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'The Donald'
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'Tricky Dicky' Nixon
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Woodrow Wilson
Correct Answer
A. Woodrow WilsonExplanation
Britain and France, often under the guise of the League of Nations, essentially directed most European affairs. The League by 1933 included almost all European states, with the exception of the Soviet Union which would join the next year. The Manchurian Crisis proved that the League's collective security policy was fundamentally flawed. Governments were still responsible to their citizens and if a state's citizens objected to sending troops to distant lands they did not have to. The strongest states involved were Britain and FranceRate this question:
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- 3.
P.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Trebuchet MS'; color: #000000; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000} span.s1 {font-kerning: none}What is the missing blank in this Mussolini quotation? "________ is to man what maternity is to a woman. From a philosophical and doctrinal viewpoint, I do not believe in perpetual peace."
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Football
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War
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Belching
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Bravado
Correct Answer
A. WarExplanation
Women in Mussolini's Italy were supposed to stay at home and produce strong, healthy children for Italy's future armies, while men should be warriors for the state. Those women who had the most children were given awards. Various youth groups were founded by the Fascist Party to learn about fascism, to learn to march, and even to learn to shoot - in short, to be future soldiers.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Mussolini claimed he wanted his "place in the ________________"
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Sun
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Wind
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Rain
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Snow
Correct Answer
A. SunExplanation
Abyssinia lay neatly between Italian possessions in East Africa (Eritrea and Somaliland) in the Horn of Africa.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A young Benito Mussolini approved of the war which made him unpopular with his party. It seems surprising but what party was he affiliated to?
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Nazis
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Fascists
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Socialists
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Ice cream and jelly
Correct Answer
A. SocialistsExplanation
The Socialists were against Italian involvement in the war.Rate this question:
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- 6.
On what day was the Wall Street Crash?
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Pink Monday
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Black Tuesday
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Scarlet Wednesday
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Taupe Thursday
Correct Answer
A. Black TuesdayExplanation
As a result of overproduction and over speculation the Wall Street Crash rocked the world from New York on 'Black Tuesday' on 29th October 1929.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What does 'spazio vitale' mean?
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Subhuman
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Living space
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Propaganda
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Natural organic community
Correct Answer
A. Living spaceExplanation
Mussolini wanted living space - 'spazio vitale', a phrase you might be familiar with in its later German Nazi form. Italian expansionism looked to Africa, the Adriatic, and the Austro-Hungarian border.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Who was the Prime Minister of Italy during the peace treaties which ended the First World War?
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David Lloyd George
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Georges Clemenceau
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Vittorio Orlando
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Woodrow Wilson
Correct Answer
A. Vittorio OrlandoExplanation
Orlando left the proceedings because of his disappointment with how Italy were treated. Later in life he was proud of this.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What did the Ancient Romans call the Mediterranean Sea?
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La Manche (sorry English students!)
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Mari Nostra
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The Sea of Japan (sorry Korean students!)
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The Johor Straits (sorry Singaporean students!)
Correct Answer
A. Mari NostraExplanation
In terms of foreign policy fascism supported war and imperialism. Only through war could Italy become the great nation it was destined to be. Mussolini wanted to control the Balkans and the Mediterranean (which the Romans used to call 'Mari Nostra' - 'our sea')Rate this question:
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- 10.
Italy gained Eritrea and Somaliland. Where are these 'geographically'? (I hope you all appreciate the use of a bit of geography here IB'ers!)
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The Cape of Good Hope
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The Gold Coast
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The Horn of Africa
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The Silk Road
Correct Answer
A. The Horn of AfricaExplanation
Italy's Empire included Eritrea (which still has the same name) and Somaliland (today's Somalia). Between these were Abyssinia (today's Ethiopia), which was therefore Italy's small foothold into a wider Empire. Italy went to war over this ... and lost.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What happened to Engelbert Dolfuss, the dictator of Austria?
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Resigned
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Assassinated
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Committed suicide
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Lived out a happy and prosperous retirement in the Alps penning his memoirs
Correct Answer
A. AssassinatedExplanation
Italy had worked with France and Britain to isolate Germany after the First World War. In 1934 members of an Austrian version of the Nazi Party assassinated Engelbert Dollfuss, Austria's dictator. The plan was to overthrow the state and merge Austria with Germany. Mussolini immediately announced Italian troops would move to the border with Austria, knowing that Germany was too weak militarily. As a result Hitler's government did not intervene. Mussolini had shown his people that Italy was increasingly becoming a significant military power.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In December 1934, a fort 80km from the Somaliland border inside Abyssinia which the Italians had built in 1930 (and which is 570 metres above sea level) was attacked. What was it called?
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Will Will
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Well Well
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Wal Wal
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Wool Wool
Correct Answer
A. Wal WalExplanation
1,000 Abyssinians asked the Italians to leave and for reasons that have never been fully revealed there was a skirmish between the two sides between 5th to 7th December.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How was Mussolini referred to?
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Der Fuhrer
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His Excellency
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Il Duce
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Vozhd
Correct Answer
A. Il DuceExplanation
Soon (January 1925) Mussolini was simply called Il Duce (the Duke) of The Leader although his full title was actually 'His Excellency Benito Mussolini Head of Government Duke of Fascism'. A bill called the Law on Powers of the Head of Government in December 1925 gave him Supreme Executive Authority in Italy with no-one able to check his power except for the King - who wouldn't because Mussolini had popular support. Mussolini's political party, the National Fascist Party, was soon the only political party allowed.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Strangely, which country DID try to stand up for Abyssinia (at least in words)?
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Wales
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Mexico
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Latvia
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China
Correct Answer
A. MexicoExplanation
The Great Depression meant war was something many could ill afford and others feared a resurgent Germany more than Italy.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What had Italy been involved in during the Nineteenth Century?
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The century of humiliation
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The carving up of Africa
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The Monroe Doctrine
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The Space Race
Correct Answer
A. The carving up of AfricaExplanation
Like lots of European countries Italy had taken part in the carving up of Africa in the Nineteenth Century but it did not gain much.Rate this question:
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- 16.
At which battle did the Italians lose embarrasingly to Abyssinia?
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Aswad
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Adwa
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Aston
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Asda
Correct Answer
A. AdwaExplanation
This was embarrassing for Italy, especially at the Battle of Adwa; a European nation being defeated by a relatively technologically less advanced African nation.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which Treaty of 1915 was signed to effect the change of sides which Italy made? (It was promised land on the Adriatic and on the Austro-Hungarian border as reward).
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Treaty of London
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Treaty of Shanghai
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Treaty of Milan
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Treaty of Paris
Correct Answer
A. Treaty of LondonExplanation
By signing the Treaty of London in which it was promised territories along the Adriatic and in Austria-Hungary. These promises were simply to be largely ignored by the victorious allies however.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Complete this Mussolini quotation: "never before has the nation stood more in need of _____________, of direction and _____________."li.li1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Trebuchet MS'; color: #000000; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000} span.s1 {font: 10.0px Symbol; -webkit-text-stroke: 0px #000000} span.s2 {font-kerning: none} ul.ul1 {list-style-type: disc}
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Blood / Glory
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Authority / Order
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Sound financial planning / Security
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Jelly Babies / Coconut mushrooms
Correct Answer
A. Authority / OrderExplanation
His Fascist Party and its programme called for glory, war, and empire and was popular after the struggles of 'liberal democracy' that had had so many problems before. Fascism was a ruling philosophy of nationalism, which supported industrialists and supposedly workers, emphasised order and obedience to the state, and enforced a single-party government. In short, the state is more important than the people who make it up.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Where did Mussolini try to invade in 1923?
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Corfu
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Corsica
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Corlione
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Cordon Bleu
Correct Answer
A. CorfuExplanation
In terms of foreign policy though Italy was economically weak and therefore militarily weak. An embargo on fuel by the USA or Britain, for example, would severely restrict the economy. Reduction in food imports from France would cause food shortages in Italy. Foreign policy had to be necessarily cautious. As a result Italy's foreign policy in the 1920s was primarily opportunist. In the 1920s Italy responded to the assassination of military officers who were ostensibly mapping Albania’s borders by shelling Greece's island of Corfu in 1923. Mussolini in sent his army in to seize it and although the League of Nations condemned it Greece, far weaker than Italy, had forced to ask Italy to pay an indemnity which Italy accepted due to British interests in the area and this was a show of strength from the Brits.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which country is 'geographically' located between Eritrea and Somaliland?
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Abyssinnia
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Abyssinia
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Abysinnia
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Abu Dhabi
Correct Answer
A. AbyssiniaExplanation
Italy's Empire included Eritrea (which still has the same name) and Somaliland (today's Somalia). Between these were Abyssinia (today's Ethiopia). It has two letters S and one letter N. Get it right! :-0Rate this question:
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- 21.
P.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Trebuchet MS'; color: #000000; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000} span.s1 {font-kerning: none}Mussolini formed a gang that was financed by industrialists and bankers as well as other conservatives called the MVSN (Milizia Voluntaria per la Siccurezza Nazionale) or ___________
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Brown Shirts
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Blue Shirts
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Black Shirts
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Pink Shirts
Correct Answer
A. Black ShirtsExplanation
Black Shirts - a paramilitary group which took their name because they wore shirts which were black. At first they had 15 zones of 133 legions but they grew enormously.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What was signed in July 1923?
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Bracico Law
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Acerbo Law
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Bercaco Law
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Rabeco Law
Correct Answer
A. Acerbo LawExplanation
In July 1923 the Acerbo Law was passed. This stated that any party in Italy that gets the most votes in an election will receive two-thirds of the Parliamentary seats. This meant that a party without a majority could have a plurality of the votes, so even though Mussolini only had 26% of the vote it was going to receive 66% of the seats in the legislative body.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Prior to the Wall Street Crash Italy's main trading partners were Britain, France and the USA.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Italy's main trading partners were Britain, France, and the USA. Because of increased trade barriers these countries put up though Italy turned away from Western markets and traded much more with Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania. This meant in terms of foreign policy Italy had less fear of economic retaliation than it had before. So, in effect, the Great Depression gave Italy more freedom to operate its foreign policy than previously and more in line with the government's fascist policies.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What advantage did Britain and France possess during the Great Depression that Italy did not really have?
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Kingly Knowledge
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Imperial Preference
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Monarchistic Dominance
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Royal Rewards
Correct Answer
A. Imperial PreferenceExplanation
Countries did not just erect trade barriers, though; they also turned to their colonies and established systems known as Imperial Preference. The French Empire, for example, covered just over 9% of the globe and was a market for one-third of France's industrial production. It was clear to smaller industrialised states, including Italy, that having an Empire could provide raw materials, food, markets, and land to settle their surplus population and would therefore help alleviate their economic crises in a time of enormous economic turmoilRate this question:
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- 25.
Which country played only a relatively small role in international affairs during this period due to international isolation and their policy of 'socialism in one country'?
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USA
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France
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USSR
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Canada
Correct Answer
A. USSRExplanation
The Soviet Union was being run by Stalin after his successful rise to power from around 1928. In the late 1920s the Soviets began massive industrialisation with the First Five Year Plan. The reorganisation of industry and the collectivisation of agriculture led to millions dying but ultimately it should be added ensured that the Soviet Union was strong enough to defeat Nazi Germany in war by 1945 (suffering a further 23 million deaths). The Soviets, busy with their own affairs, were not particularly affected by the world depression as they were relatively uninvolved in world diplomacy.Rate this question:
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- 26.
In what year did Benito Mussolini come to power in Italy?
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1911
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1922
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1933
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1943
Correct Answer
A. 1922Explanation
Benito Mussolini was named Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 (over a decade before Hitler came to power) and ruled the country as a Fascist dictator until 1943.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Are Year 12 Historians cool cats?
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Oh yes
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Oh no
Correct Answer
A. Oh yes -
- 28.
Who was the King of Albania?
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King Zig
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King Zag
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King Zog
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King IlltellyouwhatIwantwhatIreallyreallywantIwannaIwannaIwannazigazagah
Correct Answer
A. King ZogExplanation
Between 1936-39 Italy got heavily involved in Spain, supporting the conservative nationalist General Franco during the Spanish Civil War. This cost money, troops, and supplies that Italy could ill afford. This meant Italy decided to look for European territory too, and Albania soon became a prize Mussolini sought. Albania under King Zog was a small country with few people and lots of resources such as fields, metals, and petroleum. Mussolini gave Zog an ultimatum in March 1939 requesting troops be placed there, an Italian minister be placed in government, and Italian colonists be given land. Zog refused these and offered smaller concessions and so on 7th April 30,000 soldiers invaded and in just three
days took over Albania. Italy's King was now also the King of the Albanians.Rate this question:
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- 29.
In what year was the Kingdom of Italy proclaimed?
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1851
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1861
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1871
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1881
Correct Answer
A. 1861Explanation
Italy was united as a nation into the Kingdom of Italy only as recently as 1861. Most of its strength rested in the north and the nation was effectively a Constitutional Monarchy with a Royal Family at its head.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What was this period known as?
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'Modern' Italy
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'Fascist Italy'
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'Democratic Italy'
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'Liberal Italy'
Correct Answer
A. 'Liberal Italy'Explanation
This is the idea that there is a democratic state in which people can elect representatives and individuals are protected by law (a bit different to how we define 'liberalism' today but it is still a phrase we use for this period). There were free elections but they were not universal - women could not vote and voting in Italy was for wealthy property owners which led to some frustration from the unrepresented.Rate this question:
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- 31.
How many Italian soldiers died in the Great War?
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500,000
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600,000
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700,000
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800,000
Correct Answer
A. 600,000Explanation
The First World War for Italy was a disaster - even though they were on the winning side. 600,000 Italian soldiers died in very similar trench warfare on the Austrian border that you may be familiar with from the Western Front.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which Secret Police did Mussolini set up in 1926?
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Cheka
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Gestapo
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OVRA
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Erm, how should I know if it is a secret?
Correct Answer
A. OVRAExplanation
OVRA (Secret Police) was set up in 1926. Trials began to be held without juries with judges appointed by Mussolini's government. The death penalty was expanded to handle movements against the government. Youth movements grew and these would also later be echoed in Nazi Germany.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What was the pre-invasion population of Abyssinia?
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12
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12,000
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12,000,000
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12,000,000,000
Correct Answer
A. 12,000,000Explanation
Abyssinia was a small African country of about 12 million people. Today we call it Ethiopia. It lacked a modern army and material resources.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The British and French Foreign Ministers instead came up with a plan called the Hoare-Laval Pact which would give ____________ of Abyssinia (including Djibouti) to Italy and a narrow corridor to Selassie.
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2/3
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1/4
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3/5
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4/6
Correct Answer
A. 2/3Explanation
The press leaked it and ridiculed the 'camel's corridor' and nothing came of it. This was a sign however of the West’s willingness to appease Mussolini. Hoare resigned and the English King George V famously quipped "no more Hoares to Paris."Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following was NOT an accusation levelled at the League of Nations?
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It was a 'gentleman's club'
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It was Eurocentric
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It was a 'toothless tiger' with no army of its own
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It did not have an attractive flag
Correct Answer
A. It did not have an attractive flagExplanation
Britain and France, often under the guise of the League of Nations, essentially directed most European affairs. The League by 1933 included almost all European states, with the exception of the Soviet Union which would join the next year. The Manchurian Crisis proved that the League's collective security policy was fundamentally flawed. Governments were still responsible to their citizens and if a state's citizens objected to sending troops to distant lands they did not have to. The strongest states involved were Britain and France.Rate this question:
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- 36.
What kind of arms limitation agreements did the UK initiate in 1930 and 1935?
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Nuclear
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Naval
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Army
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Air
Correct Answer
A. NavalExplanation
The Labour Party believed that having large stockpiles of weapons actually made war more likely (based on the experiences of the causes of the First World War) and this meant Britain would remain militarily weak in this period, preventing aggressive responses to any Italian or German aggression. Moreover, economic problems meant the UK did not have the funds to invest in rearmament.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which side did Italy finish the First World War on?
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The Dark Side
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The Entente
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The Central Powers
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5-a-side
Correct Answer
A. The EntenteExplanation
During the First World War Italy had been a member of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. However, the Italians changed sides in April 1915 and joined the Allied forces on the Entente side (France, Russia, and Britain).Rate this question:
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- 38.
What was Orlando's nickaname at the peace settlement?
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The Tiger
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The Welsh Wizard
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Father Victory
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The Weeper
Correct Answer
A. The WeeperExplanation
French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau nicknamed him 'the weeper'.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Who was the Stresa Front designed to weaken / isolate? (Italy was a member)
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Germany
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France
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Romania
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Austria
Correct Answer
A. GermanyExplanation
In April 1935 Britain, France and Italy agreed the Stresa Front to form a common alliance against Germany. However, almost immediately Britain then signed a bilateral naval agreement with Germany. Italy and France felt betrayed by Britain.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Count Galeazzo Ciano booed Selassie's League of Nations speech on 30th June 1936. Who was he to Mussolini?
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Father
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Brother
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Uncle
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Son in Law
Correct Answer
A. Son in LawExplanation
It was one of the most stirring speeches of the Twentieth Century: "Should it happen that a strong government finds it may, with impunity, destroy a weak people, then the hour strikes for that weak people to appeal to the League of Nations to give its judgment in all freedom. God and history will remember your judgment."Rate this question:
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- 41.
Where were German reparations from the First World War finally abolished (in 1932)?
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Paris, France
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New York, United States
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Shanghai, China
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Lausanne, Switzerland
Correct Answer
A. Lausanne, SwitzerlandExplanation
Economic conditions were so bad that Britain and France suspended indefinitely reparation payments (a moratorium) from the Treaty of Versailles at the Lausanne Conference in 1932 in Switzerland.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What did Benito Mussolini name one of his children?
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Cecilia Mussolini
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Jeongwoo Mussolini
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Shahana Mussolini
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Benito Mussolini
Correct Answer
A. Benito MussoliniExplanation
He was the kind of man who named his child Benito Mussolini! He had two wives and many mistresses, often from his group of supporters.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The Pact of Steel was originally going to be called the Pact of what?
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Blood
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Gichana
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Lo
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Wallace
Correct Answer
A. BloodExplanation
In May 1939 Italy and Germany signed a formal military alliance known as the Pact of Steel, more formally known as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy (a little known fact is it was nearly called the Pact of Blood!). Italy would not, however, be ready for a war for a while and some think Hitler's did this to distract France and to ensure no squabble with Italy (with whom it had a border since the takeover of Austria).Rate this question:
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- 44.
What type of chemical warfare was used by the Italians?
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Chlorine gas
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Sarin
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Mustard gas
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Anthrax
Correct Answer
A. Mustard gasExplanation
Aerial bombing and 300-500 tonnes of mustard gas were used in villages like Ancober, crops destroyed, water poisoned, and civilians slaughtered. Flame throwers were deployed. Prisoners and even priests were executed. Even Swedish Red Cross buildings were targeted in violation of the 1925 Geneva Convention. In the village of Goggetti it was ordered that all men over the age of 18 be killed and the village destroyed.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What percentage of Italian soldiers were killed or wounded during the Great War?
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1%
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39%
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54%
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86%
Correct Answer
A. 39%Explanation
39% of Italian soldiers were killed or wounded during the war - 4 out of 10 of uniformed soldiers therefore died or were injured. Moreover, Italians experienced rationing on the home front and life was difficult causing existing divisions to grow further.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which magazine named Haile Selassie its Man of the Year in 1936?
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Washington Post
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MAD
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New York Times
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Time
Correct Answer
A. TimeExplanation
Fun fact! Selassie was literally worshipped as a God amongst Rastafarian people in Jamaica from the 1930s onwards.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following can be credited to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt?
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"Read my lips. No more taxes"
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"Fake news"
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"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"
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"Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country"
Correct Answer
A. "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"Explanation
Banks were temporarily closed, taxes were raised, government spending increased while government salaries were slashed, and more trade barriers were put up. Roosevelt put forward a policy of deficit spending and the USA isolated itself from most European foreign affairs in the 1930s. This was a retreat to its old pre-First World War policy of avoiding 'entangling alliances' and 'old world' affairs.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Mussolini merged his African Empire into a single unity called Italian East Africa, with its capital at __________
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Usakos
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Djibouti
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Addis Ababa
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Harare
Correct Answer
A. Addis AbabaExplanation
The King of Italy Victor Emmanuel II was renamed Emperor of Ethiopia. Although Ethiopia ‘technically’ never surrendered it was a resounding victory.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which Party was FDR a member of?
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Republican
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Democrat
Correct Answer
A. DemocratExplanation
After the economic boom of the roaring '20s the right-wing Republicans fell from power and they lost both control of Congress as well the Presidency in the 1932 election. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, led the left-wing Democratic Party to victory, winning 57.4% of the vote. He controlled both the House of Representatives (313 to 117) and the Senate (59 to 36) with huge majorities and passed a barrage of laws and executive orders in the first 100 days of his Presidency to mark the beginning of a programme of social welfare known as the New Deal.Rate this question:
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Aug 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Aug 22, 2017Quiz Created by
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