Microbiology Chapter 1

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15. Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Urkaryotes

Nokaryotes

16. Some microorganisms are useful in bioremediation processes that reduce the effects of pollution.

True

False

17. Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Urkaryotes

Nokaryotes

18. RNA serves to convert the information stored in DNA to ________.

Carbohydrates

Protein

Lipids

RNA

19. The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called

Biogenesis

Cell theory

Spontaneous generation

Germ theory

20. The relationship between specific bacteria and specific diseases was first demonstrated by Koch.

True

False

21. John Tyndall demonstrated that microorganisms present in the air are carried on dust particles.

True

False

22. Charles Chamberland developed porcelain filters that allowed other scientists to demonstrate that viruses are smaller than bacteria.

True

False

23. Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease?

Fracastoro

Koch

Pasteur

Lister

24. Agar is used as a solidifying agent for microbiological media because it is not readily digested by most microorganisms.

True

False

25. Agastino Bassi demonstrated that a type of silkworm disease was caused by a fungus and proposed that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.

True

False

26. Who of the following was the first to observe and accurately describe microorganisms?

Pasteur

Lister

Van Leeuwenhoek

Tyndall

27. Proteins function in modern cells as

Catalysts

Hereditary information

Structural elements

Both A and C

28. Which of the following distinguish the field of microbiology from other fields of biology?

The size of the organism studied

The techniques used to study organisms regardless of their size

Both the size of the organism studied and the techniques employed in the study of organisms

Neither the size of the organism studied nor the techniques employed in the study oforganisms regardless of their size

29. Viruses and bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory at about the same time.

True

False

30. Microorganisms contain 50% of the biological carbon and 90% of the biological nitrogen on Earth

True

False

31. Microbiologists study a variety of organisms, but all are considered members of either Bacteria or Archaea.

True

False

32. M. J. Berkeley demonstrated that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus.

True

False

33. Viruses are not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not classified as living organisms.

True

False

34. Who of the following provided the evidence needed to discredit the concept of spontaneous generation?

Pasteur

Koch

Semmelweiss

Lister

35. Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by

Pasteur

Lister

Jenner

Kitasato

36. Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox?

Koch

Pasteur

Jenner

Lister

37. Fanny Hesse first suggested that agar be used to solidify microbiological media.

True

False

38. Definition of life includes all of the following except

Cells maintain internal order

Cells use energy and have a metabolism

Cells reproduce

Cells lack response to external environment

39. Catalytic proteins speed up the myriad of chemical reactions that occur in cells; these proteins are known as

Ribozymes

Nucleic acids

Enzymes

Lipids

40. Invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they were ever observed.

True

False

41. The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the

Cell theory

Germ theory

Causative theory

Disease theory

42. All eukaryotes have a membrane-delimited nucleus.

True

False

43. Viruses constitute the fourth domain of life in current biological classification schemes.

True

False

44. The first disease to be identified as being caused by a virus was tobacco mosaic disease.

True

False

45. The usefulness of agar in solidifying microbiological growth media is limited because it does not remain solid at temperatures about 28oC.

True

False

46. The ribosomal RNA studies that led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the Bacteria and the Archaea were begun by

Pasteur

Woese

Needham

Watson

47. Protists contain all of the following forms of life except

Protozoa

Fungi

Slime molds

Algae

48. The first surgical antiseptic to be used was

Iodine

Ethanol

Phenol

None of the choices

49. The earliest microbial fossils that have been found are dated from approximately 4.5 million years ago.

True

False

50. The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by

Beijerinck

Jenner

Pasteur

Von Behring

51. Whose work on spontaneous generation first demonstrated the existence of a very heat resistant form of bacteria that are called endospores?

Schwann

Redi

Tyndall

Pasteur

52. Old cultures of bacteria that have lost their ability to cause disease are said to be

Impotent

Virulent

Pathogenic

Attenuated

53. Who is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera?

Koch

Pasteur

Jenner

Lister

54. The criteria for establishing a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease were first proposed by Jacob Henle.

True

False

55. Robert Koch developed a vaccine that could be used to prevent anthrax.

True

False

56. Who of the following first discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease causing bacteria?

Von Behring

Meister

Metchnikoff

Ivanowski

57. Studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato demonstrated that inactivated toxins can induce the synthesis of antitoxins in the blood of rabbits. These antitoxins (antibodies) are the basis of

Humoral immunity

Cell-mediated immunity

Antibiotic immunity

Phagocyte-mediated immunity

58. Koch's postulates were instrumental in establishing that Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy.

True

False

59. Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases.

True

False

60. Edward Jenner's work in preventing rabies led to the use of the term vaccination to describe a type of procedure used in the prevention of disease.

True

False

61. The endosymbiotic hypothesis is generally accepted as the origin of two eukaryotic organelles: mitochondria and chloroplasts.

True

False

Microbiology Chapter 1

1. The branch of microbiology that deals with the mechanisms by which the human body protects itself from disease-causing organisms is called __________.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. All living organisms can be placed into one of three __________, which include the Bacteria, Archaea, and the Eukarya.

3. The branch of microbiology that deals with diseases of humans and animals is called __________ microbiology.

4. __________ microbiologists monitor community food establishments and water supplies in order to control the spread of communicable diseases.

5. __________ microbiology involves the use of microorganisms to make products such as antibiotics, vaccines, steroids, alcohols, vitamins, amino acids, and enzymes.

6. Microbial __________ focuses on the nature of heredity and how it regulates the development and function of cells and organisms.

7. An Italian physician, __________, challenged the concept of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots do not arise from decaying meat but rather from developing fly eggs.

8. __________ discovered that soil bacteria could oxidize iron, sulfur, and ammonia to obtain energy.

9. The branch of microbiology that studies the relationship between microorganisms and their habitats is called __________.

10. __________ and __________ microbiology investigates the spoilage of products for human consumption and the use of microorganisms in the production of cheese, yogurt, pickles, beer, and the like. (answer, answer)

11. Microbial __________ are scientists who investigate the synthesis of antibiotics and toxins, the production of energy with microorganisms, and the ways in which microorganisms survive harsh environmental conditions.

12. Archaea are prokaryotes that have unique cell membrane __________.

13. Elie Metchnikoff discovered __________, which is a major feature of the host immune response.

14. __________ was the first to isolate a root nodule bacterium capable of nitrogen fixation.

15. Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called

16. Some microorganisms are useful in bioremediation processes that reduce the effects of pollution.

17. Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called

18. RNA serves to convert the information stored in DNA to ________.

19. The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called

20. The relationship between specific bacteria and specific diseases was first demonstrated by Koch.

21. John Tyndall demonstrated that microorganisms present in the air are carried on dust particles.

22. Charles Chamberland developed porcelain filters that allowed other scientists to demonstrate that viruses are smaller than bacteria.

23. Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease?

24. Agar is used as a solidifying agent for microbiological media because it is not readily digested by most microorganisms.

25. Agastino Bassi demonstrated that a type of silkworm disease was caused by a fungus and proposed that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.

26. Who of the following was the first to observe and accurately describe microorganisms?

27. Proteins function in modern cells as

28. Which of the following distinguish the field of microbiology from other fields of biology?

29. Viruses and bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory at about the same time.

30. Microorganisms contain 50% of the biological carbon and 90% of the biological nitrogen on Earth

31. Microbiologists study a variety of organisms, but all are considered members of either Bacteria or Archaea.

32. M. J. Berkeley demonstrated that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus.

33. Viruses are not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not classified as living organisms.

34. Who of the following provided the evidence needed to discredit the concept of spontaneous generation?

35. Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by

36. Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox?

37. Fanny Hesse first suggested that agar be used to solidify microbiological media.

38. Definition of life includes all of the following except

39. Catalytic proteins speed up the myriad of chemical reactions that occur in cells; these proteins are known as

40. Invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they were ever observed.

41. The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the

42. All eukaryotes have a membrane-delimited nucleus.

43. Viruses constitute the fourth domain of life in current biological classification schemes.

44. The first disease to be identified as being caused by a virus was tobacco mosaic disease.

45. The usefulness of agar in solidifying microbiological growth media is limited because it does not remain solid at temperatures about 28oC.

46. The ribosomal RNA studies that led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the Bacteria and the Archaea were begun by

47. Protists contain all of the following forms of life except

48. The first surgical antiseptic to be used was

49. The earliest microbial fossils that have been found are dated from approximately 4.5 million years ago.

50. The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by

51. Whose work on spontaneous generation first demonstrated the existence of a very heat resistant form of bacteria that are called endospores?

52. Old cultures of bacteria that have lost their ability to cause disease are said to be

53. Who is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera?

54. The criteria for establishing a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease were first proposed by Jacob Henle.

55. Robert Koch developed a vaccine that could be used to prevent anthrax.

56. Who of the following first discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease causing bacteria?

57. Studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato demonstrated that inactivated toxins can induce the synthesis of antitoxins in the blood of rabbits. These antitoxins (antibodies) are the basis of

58. Koch's postulates were instrumental in establishing that Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy.

59. Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases.

60. Edward Jenner's work in preventing rabies led to the use of the term vaccination to describe a type of procedure used in the prevention of disease.

61. The endosymbiotic hypothesis is generally accepted as the origin of two eukaryotic organelles: mitochondria and chloroplasts.

10. and microbiology investigates the spoilage of products for human consumption and the use of microorganisms in the production of cheese, yogurt, pickles, beer, and the like. (answer, answer)