Microbial Metabolism

The nitrogenase complex is a complex enzyme that contains multiple redox centers. It is responsible for carrying out nitrogen fixation, a process in which it reduces N2 (nitrogen gas) to NH3 (ammonia). The reductase component of the complex provides electrons with high reducing power, which are then used by the nitrogenase component to carry out the reduction reaction. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Respiration is a process in which organic molecules, such as glucose, are broken down to release energy. During this process, carbon atoms in glucose are oxidized, meaning they lose electrons and increase their oxidation state. Therefore, respiration is an oxidation reaction with respect to the element carbon.

Chlorophyll a reflects green light, which means that it does not absorb green light but instead reflects it back. This is why most plants appear green in color. Chlorophyll b, on the other hand, primarily uses green light as a source of energy for photosynthesis. The statement about green helping plants blend into their environment as camouflage is not relevant to the explanation.

Cellular respiration is the correct answer because it is the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP, the main energy source for cellular activities. This process occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and involves a series of biochemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP. Glycolysis is the initial step of cellular respiration, where glucose is partially broken down, but it is not the complete process. Conversion and energy are not specific terms related to the process of converting glucose into ATP.

Respiration is important because it conserves energy. During respiration, cells break down glucose to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This process allows the cell to efficiently utilize and store energy for various metabolic activities. Without respiration, cells would not be able to generate the necessary energy to sustain life processes.

During aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water. This process releases energy in the form of heat. Heat is a byproduct of the metabolic reactions that occur during respiration. While some energy is also stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), more than 60% of the energy released is in the form of heat.

The correct answer is CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2. This equation represents the process of photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are converted into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) using light energy. This is the primary reaction that occurs in plants during photosynthesis, allowing them to produce glucose for energy and release oxygen as a byproduct.

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During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. The oxygen released into the air is a byproduct of this process. Specifically, during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are split, releasing oxygen as a waste product. This oxygen is then released into the air, while the hydrogen ions and electrons produced during the splitting of water are used to produce energy-rich molecules. Therefore, the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from water.

In aerobic respiration, oxygen plays a crucial role in accepting the hydrogen atoms that are removed from organic compounds during the breakdown of glucose. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is essential for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the efficient transfer of electrons and the generation of a proton gradient. This proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP. Therefore, the statement "accepting the hydrogen removed from organic compounds" accurately describes the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration.