Micro Exam 3

1. Important characteristics of antimicrobic drugs include

Readily delivered to the site of infection

High toxicity against microbial cells

Do not casue serious side effects in humans

Remains active in body tissues and fluids

All of the above

2. The minimum sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are

121 C at 15 psi for 15 minutes

63 C for 30 minutes

160 C for 2 hours

71.6 C for 15 seconds

100 C for 30 minutes

3. The antiparralel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to

Each base bonding at the 1' position of the sugar

A purine always bonding to a pyrimidine

An original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule

None of the above

4. The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them, and correctly replace them are

DNA ligases

DNA polymerases

DNA helicases

DNA gyrases

Primases

5. This molecule is transcribed from the DNA template strand and later translated

Ribosomal RNA

Messenger RNA

Transfer RNA

Primer RNA

Protein

6. Antimicrobics effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed

Antibiotics

Narrow spectrum drugs

Semisynthetic drugs

Synthetic drugs

Broad spectrum drugs

7. Analysis of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis involves

Larger fragments move slowly and remain closer to the wells

DNA has an overall negative charge and moves to the positive pole

DNA fragments are stained to see them

An electric current through the gel causes DNA fragments to migrate

All of the above

8. T/F Vectors often contain a gene conferring drug resistance to their cloning host, in order to detect cells harboring the plasmid

True

False

9. If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anitcodon is

GCA

CGT

ACG

CGU

UGC

10. This test is used to measure a chemicals capacity to cause mutation

Amos test

Griffith Test

Ames Test

Susceptibility test

The bar-bar test

11. Which of the following microbial froms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls

Naked viruses

Porozoan cyst

Fugal spores

Bacterial endospores

Yeast

12. Antivirals that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat

Influenza A virus

HIV

Herpes zozter virus

Respiratory syncytial virus

Hapatitis C virus

13. RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA

Has ribose

Has uracil

Is typically one strand of nucleotides

Does not have thymine

All of the above are correct

14. A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a

Point mutation

Silent mutation

Back mutation

Missense mutation

Nonsense mutation

15. Among the microorganisms, various genomes can include

Chromosomes

Plasmids

Mitochondrial DNA

Chloroplast DNA

All of the choices are correct

16. Which enzyme fills in the spaces between the Okazaki fragments with the correct nucleotide

DNA ligase

DNA polymerases

DNA helicases

DNA gyrases

Primases

17. The use of an organism's biochemical processes to crate a product is

Genetic engineering

Biotechnology

Recombinant dna

Gel elctrophoreses

Gene probes

18. The various techniquest by which scientist manipulate DNA in the lab are called

Genetic engineering

Biotechnology

Recominant DNA

Gel electrophoresis

Gene probes

19. Subastances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called

Antibiotics

Narrow-spectrum drugs

Semisynthetic drugs

Synthetic drugs

Broad spectrum drugs

20. T/F Reverse transcriptase is used to make cDNA from an RNA template

True

False

21. Dry heat

Is less efficient than moist heat

Cannot sterilize

Includes tyndalliztion

Is used in devices called autoclaves

Will sterilize at 121 degrees celcius for 15 minutes

22. Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes because only eukaryotes have

Histone proteins

Chromosomes in a nucleus

Several to many chromosomes

Elongated, not circular, chromosomes

All of the above

23. The rate of migration of macromolecules in gel electrophoresis depends on what characteristics

Concentration of agarose gel

The voltage

Size of DNA fragment

Only a and b

All of the above

24. The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called

Ribosomal RNA

Messenger RNA

Transfer RNA

Primer RNA

Ribozymes

25. Sulfonamides

Interfere with elongation of pertidoglycan

Are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis

Attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protien synthesis

Damage cell membranes

Block peptidase that cross-link glycan molecules

26. Acyclovir is used to treat

Influenza A virus

HIV

Shingles,. chicken pox, herpes

Respiratory syncytial virus

Hapatitis C virus

27. The sterilizing gas used in a special chamber that typically sterilizes soft plastics is

Ethylend oxide

Iodophor

Glutaraldehyde

Formaldehyde

Chlorine dioxide

28. Sterilization is achieved by

Flash pasteurization

Hot water

Boiling water

Steam autoclave

All of the above

29. T/F Southern blots may be used to probe for specific gene sequences. Thus this is an alternative tool to use to ensure a host cell picked up the donor plasmid

True

False

30. A technique that separates a readable pattern of DNA fragment is

Genetic engineering

Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA

Gel electrophoresis

Gene probes

31. The Western Blot technique detects

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Recombinant DNA

Specific gentic marker sequence on genes

32. The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens on fomites is

Disinfection

Sterilization

Antisepsis

Sanitization

Degermation

33. EcoRI and HindIII are

Palindromes

Reverse transcriptase

Restriction endonucleases

Ligases

DNA polymerases

34. Sequences to DNA that are identical when read from the 5' to 3' direction on one strand and the 3' to 5' direction on the other strand are

Palindrones

Reverse transcriptases

Restriction endonucleases

Ligases

DNA polymerases

35. The polymersase chain reaction (PCR) has been used in all of the following fields except

Forensics

Evolutionary studies

Gene mapping

Medicine

None of the choices, it is usefull in all of these fields

36. Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all of the following except

Ultraviolet radiation

Boiling water

HEPA filters

Pasteurization

Hydrogen peroxide

37. Which is incorrect about inducible operons

They have genes turned offf by a buildup of end product

They are often for catabolic pathways

They are normally turned off

They are turned on by the substate of the enzyme

They include the lac operon

38. T/F It is important that an ideal vector have a point of replication and have relatively large genomes

True

False

39. Antimicrobics that are macrolides

Disrupt cell membrane function

Include tetracyclines

Include azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin

Are very narrow spectrum

Are hepatoxic

40. An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that

Blocks penetration

Blocks DNA replication

Inhibits peptidogycan cross linking

Blocks maturation

Bonds to ergosterol in cell wall

41. The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegatative pathogens is

Disinfection

Sterilization

Antisepsis

Sanitization

Degermation

42. T/F Conjugation is that act at which two or more eukaryotic cells come together and exchange DNA. All cells must have a unique pilus in order for the cells to bind.

True

False

43. Iodophors include

Chloromines

Betadine

Tincture of idodine

Alcohols

Chlorhexidine

44. All of the following are methods of disinfection or sterilization except

Gamma radiation

Dry oven

Lyophilization

Triclosan

Ethanold

45. Ethidium bromide and malachite green do what to DNA

Are known carcinogens because they cause theymine dimmers

Are known carcinogens because they intercalate with DNA

Are known carcinogens because they inhibit repair enzyme

Are just mutagens

46. The Southern Blot technique detects

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Recombinant DNA

Specific genetic marker sequence on genes

47. Aminoglycosides

Interfere with elongation of pertidoglycan

Are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis

Attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protien synthesis

Damage cell membranes

Block peptidase that cross-link glycan molecules

48. DNA polymerases used in PCR

Use an RNA template to make complementary DNA

Must remain active at very cold temperatures

Include Taq polymerase

Are labeled with fluorescent dyes

All of the above

49. Penicillins and cephalosporins

Interfere with elongation of pertidoglycan

Are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis

Attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protien synthesis

Damage cell membranes

Block peptidase that cross-link glycan molecules

50. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all have

A beta-lactam ring

Resistance to the action of penicillinase

Semisynthetic structure

Expanded specturm of activity

All of the above

51. This drug is used to treat cases of tuberculosis

Penicillin G

Vancomycin

Aminoglycosides

Synercid

Isoniasid

52. Gram negative rods are often treated with

Penicillin G

Vancomycin

Aminoglycosides

Synercid

Isoniasid

Micro Exam 3

1. Important characteristics of antimicrobic drugs include

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. The minimum sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are

3. The antiparralel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to

4. The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them, and correctly replace them are

5. This molecule is transcribed from the DNA template strand and later translated

6. Antimicrobics effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed

7. Analysis of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis involves

8. T/F Vectors often contain a gene conferring drug resistance to their cloning host, in order to detect cells harboring the plasmid

9. If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anitcodon is

10. This test is used to measure a chemicals capacity to cause mutation

11. Which of the following microbial froms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls

12. Antivirals that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat

13. RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA

14. A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a

15. Among the microorganisms, various genomes can include

16. Which enzyme fills in the spaces between the Okazaki fragments with the correct nucleotide

17. The use of an organism's biochemical processes to crate a product is

18. The various techniquest by which scientist manipulate DNA in the lab are called

19. Subastances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called

20. T/F Reverse transcriptase is used to make cDNA from an RNA template

21. Dry heat

22. Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes because only eukaryotes have

23. The rate of migration of macromolecules in gel electrophoresis depends on what characteristics

24. The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called

25. Sulfonamides

26. Acyclovir is used to treat

27. The sterilizing gas used in a special chamber that typically sterilizes soft plastics is

28. Sterilization is achieved by

29. T/F Southern blots may be used to probe for specific gene sequences. Thus this is an alternative tool to use to ensure a host cell picked up the donor plasmid

30. A technique that separates a readable pattern of DNA fragment is

31. The Western Blot technique detects

32. The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens on fomites is

33. EcoRI and HindIII are

34. Sequences to DNA that are identical when read from the 5' to 3' direction on one strand and the 3' to 5' direction on the other strand are

35. The polymersase chain reaction (PCR) has been used in all of the following fields except

36. Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all of the following except

37. Which is incorrect about inducible operons

38. T/F It is important that an ideal vector have a point of replication and have relatively large genomes

39. Antimicrobics that are macrolides

40. An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that

41. The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegatative pathogens is

42. T/F Conjugation is that act at which two or more eukaryotic cells come together and exchange DNA. All cells must have a unique pilus in order for the cells to bind.

43. Iodophors include

44. All of the following are methods of disinfection or sterilization except

45. Ethidium bromide and malachite green do what to DNA

46. The Southern Blot technique detects

47. Aminoglycosides

48. DNA polymerases used in PCR

49. Penicillins and cephalosporins

50. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all have

51. This drug is used to treat cases of tuberculosis

52. Gram negative rods are often treated with