Marginal Costing Part I Quiz Questions

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  • 1/20 Questions

    Basic cost accounting method in which fixed factory overhead is added to inventory is

    • Absorption costing
    • Direct costing
    • Variable costing
    • Process costing
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Marginal Costing Part I Quiz Questions - Quiz
About This Quiz

Explore key concepts of Marginal Costing through this quiz, focusing on break-even analysis, cost behavior, and stock valuation as per SSAP 9. Assess your understanding of how changes in costs affect financial decisions and reporting. Ideal for students and professionals in finance and accounting.

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  • 2. 

    An increase in fixed costs will result in which of the following?

    • A decrease in the contribution: sales ratio

    • A decrease in the contribution per units

    • An increase in the break-even point sales level

    • An increase in the margin of safety

    Correct Answer
    A. An increase in the break-even point sales level
    Explanation
    An increase in fixed costs will result in an increase in the break-even point sales level. This is because fixed costs are expenses that do not change regardless of the level of sales. Therefore, as fixed costs increase, a business will need to sell more units or generate more revenue in order to cover those costs and reach the break-even point. This means that the break-even point sales level, which is the point at which total revenue equals total costs, will increase.

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  • 3. 

    Product cost under direct costing included

    • Prime costs only.

    • Prime costs and variable factory overheads.

    • Prime costs fixed factory overheads

    Correct Answer
    A. Prime costs and variable factory overheads.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Prime costs and variable factory overheads." Direct costing, also known as variable costing, only includes the costs that vary with the level of production, such as direct materials and direct labor (prime costs), as well as variable factory overheads. Fixed factory overheads are not included in direct costing as they are considered period costs and are not directly tied to the production level. Therefore, the correct answer is prime costs and variable factory overheads.

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  • 4. 

    An increase of Rs.1000 in fixed selling overheads will affect the net profit reported under marginal and absorption cost method as follows

    • Decrease net profit only where absorption costing is used

    • Decrease net profit only where marginal costing is used

    • Decrease net profit equally in both absorption and marginal costing

    • Leave net profit unchanged in both cases.

    Correct Answer
    A. Decrease net profit equally in both absorption and marginal costing
    Explanation
    An increase of Rs.1000 in fixed selling overheads will affect the net profit equally in both absorption and marginal costing. This is because both absorption costing and marginal costing allocate fixed overhead costs to the cost of production. Therefore, an increase in fixed selling overheads will lead to a decrease in net profit in both methods.

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  • 5. 

    Where opening stock of 50 units of finished goods are valued at Rs.10 each and the average unit cost of 500 units produced during the period is Rs.8.90, which method of stock valuation gives a closing stock value of Rs.9 per units?

    • FIFO

    • Weighted average

    • Absorption cost based on normal activity

    • Marginal cost

    Correct Answer
    A. Weighted average
    Explanation
    The weighted average method of stock valuation takes into account both the opening stock and the units produced during the period. It calculates the average unit cost by dividing the total cost of the opening stock and the units produced by the total number of units. In this case, the opening stock of 50 units valued at Rs.10 each and the 500 units produced at an average unit cost of Rs.8.90 are considered. The weighted average method results in a closing stock value of Rs.9 per unit.

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  • 6. 

    Existing sales are Rs.1,00,000 (500 units), variable costs are Rs. 60000 ,fixed costs are Rs. 24000 . If selling price is reduced by 10%which of the following is the break- even  sales quantity

    • 450 units

    • 500 units

    • 400 units

    • 334 units

    Correct Answer
    A. 400 units
    Explanation
    When the selling price is reduced by 10%, the new selling price per unit would be 90% of the original selling price. The new selling price per unit can be calculated as 90% of Rs. 1,00,000, which is Rs. 90,000.

    To calculate the break-even sales quantity, we need to find the point where total revenue equals total costs. The total costs consist of both fixed costs and variable costs.

    The fixed costs remain the same at Rs. 24,000. The variable costs per unit can be calculated as Rs. 60,000 divided by the original sales quantity of 500 units, which is Rs. 120 per unit.

    To find the break-even sales quantity, we can divide the fixed costs by the difference between the selling price per unit and the variable cost per unit.

    Break-even sales quantity = Fixed costs / (Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
    Break-even sales quantity = Rs. 24,000 / (Rs. 90,000 - Rs. 120)
    Break-even sales quantity ≈ 400 units

    Therefore, the break-even sales quantity is approximately 400 units.

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  • 7. 

    Income computed by the absorption costing method will tend to exceed income computed by the direct costing method if

    • Units produced exceed units sold

    • Fixed manufacturing costs decrease

    • Variable manufacturing costs decrease

    • Units sold exceed units produced

    Correct Answer
    A. Units produced exceed units sold
    Explanation
    If units produced exceed units sold, it means that there is an increase in inventory. In the absorption costing method, fixed manufacturing costs are allocated to units produced and are included in the cost of inventory. Therefore, when units produced exceed units sold, a larger portion of fixed costs is allocated to inventory, resulting in higher income computed by the absorption costing method. On the other hand, the direct costing method only considers variable manufacturing costs as part of the cost of inventory, so it does not account for the allocation of fixed costs. Hence, income computed by the direct costing method will not be affected by the difference in units produced and units sold.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following statements summarises the recommendation of  SSAP 9 as to the normal treatment of overheads cost for finished goods stock valuation ?

    • Include only variable production overheads

    • Include a share of all production overheads

    • Include a share of variable overheads ( production and non- production ).

    • Include a share of all production and non- production overheads

    Correct Answer
    A. Include a share of all production overheads
    Explanation
    SSAP 9 recommends including a share of all production overheads for finished goods stock valuation. This means that the cost of producing the goods should not only include the direct materials and direct labor, but also a portion of the overhead costs incurred in the production process. By including all production overheads, the valuation of finished goods will be more accurate and reflective of the true cost of production.

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  • 9. 

    Product A has a contribution: sales ratio of  0.50. Product B has a contribution: sales ratio of 0.40. At present, 100 units of each product are sold. If total sales units remain at the present level but an extra 20 units of B are substituted for 20 units of A, which of the following is true of the overall position?

    • CS ratio remains unchanged

    • CS ratio rises from 0.45 to 0.50

    • CS ratio rises from 0.45 to 0.46

    • CS ratio fall from 0.45 to 0.44

    Correct Answer
    A. CS ratio rises from 0.45 to 0.46
    Explanation
    The contribution: sales ratio (CS ratio) is calculated by dividing the contribution (profit) by the sales. In this case, the CS ratio is 0.45 (contribution of 0.45 for every 1 unit of sales). When 20 units of B are substituted for 20 units of A, the total sales units remain the same. However, since the CS ratio for B is higher than that of A (0.40 > 0.50), the overall CS ratio will increase. The increase will be by a small amount because only 20 units are being substituted. Therefore, the correct answer is that the CS ratio rises from 0.45 to 0.46.

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  • 10. 

    What is the term that means that all manufacturing cost (direct and indirect, variable and fixed) which contribute to the production of the product are traced to output and inventories ?

    • Job order costing

    • Process costing

    • Full or absorption costing

    • Variable costing

    Correct Answer
    A. Full or absorption costing
    Explanation
    Full or absorption costing is the term that means that all manufacturing costs, whether direct or indirect, variable or fixed, are traced to the output and inventories. This method includes all costs associated with the production process, regardless of whether they vary with the level of production or not. It ensures that all costs are accounted for and allocated to the products being produced, providing a comprehensive view of the total cost of production.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following is a more descriptive term for the type of cost accounting often called direct costing

    • Out of pocket costing

    • Variable costing

    • Relevant costing

    • Prime costing

    Correct Answer
    A. Variable costing
    Explanation
    Variable costing is a more descriptive term for the type of cost accounting often called direct costing because it focuses on the variable costs, which are costs that change in direct proportion to the level of production or sales. Variable costing excludes fixed costs, such as rent and salaries, as they are not directly related to the production volume. This method is useful for decision-making and understanding the cost behavior of a business. Out of pocket costing refers to the actual cash payments made for costs, relevant costing is a broader concept that considers all costs relevant to a particular decision, and prime costing is a method that includes only direct materials and direct labor costs.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following statements may be used as the basis of the valuation of work-in-progress in order to conform with the recommendations of SSAP 9?

    • Include variable production and variable non- production overheads

    • Include expenditure incurred in bringing the stock of its present location and condition

    • Include variable production overheads costs plus direct product costs only

    • Include prime costs only

    Correct Answer
    A. Include expenditure incurred in bringing the stock of its present location and condition
    Explanation
    The correct answer is to include expenditure incurred in bringing the stock of its present location and condition. This means that the valuation of work-in-progress should include any costs that were incurred to bring the stock to its current state, such as transportation costs, storage costs, and any other expenses directly related to the production process. This is in line with the recommendations of SSAP 9, which provides guidelines for the valuation of work-in-progress. Including these expenditures ensures that the valuation reflects the true cost of producing the goods and provides a more accurate representation of the value of the work-in-progress.

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  • 13. 

    Adherents of marginal costing as the basis of stock valuation argue that it is relevant for which of the following reasons?

    • Enables profit statement to focus on contribution earned from sales

    • It includes variable administration, selling and distribution costs in stock value

    • It excludes non- production costs from stock value

    • It includes fixed production overheads in stock value

    Correct Answer
    A. Enables profit statement to focus on contribution earned from sales
    Explanation
    Adherents of marginal costing argue that it enables the profit statement to focus on the contribution earned from sales. This is because marginal costing only considers variable costs, such as direct materials and direct labor, in the valuation of stock. By excluding fixed production overheads and non-production costs, the profit statement can accurately reflect the contribution margin, which is the difference between sales revenue and variable costs. This allows management to analyze the profitability of products or services more effectively and make informed decisions regarding pricing, cost control, and resource allocation.

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  • 14. 

    Reporting under the direct costing concept is accomplished by

    • Including only direct costs in the income statement

    • Eliminating the work in process inventory account

    • Matching variable cost against revenues and treating fixed cost as period cost

    • Treating all cost as period costs

    Correct Answer
    A. Matching variable cost against revenues and treating fixed cost as period cost
    Explanation
    Under the direct costing concept, only direct costs are included in the income statement. This means that only costs that can be directly attributed to the production of goods or services are considered. The work in process inventory account is eliminated because it includes costs that are not directly related to production. Variable costs, which change in relation to the level of production, are matched against revenues to determine the profit or loss for a specific period. Fixed costs, on the other hand, are treated as period costs and are not directly matched against revenues.

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  • 15. 

    Where sales and production are the same quantity, the profit reported where marginal costing is applied will be:

    • Greater than that where absorption costing is applied

    • Lower than that where absorption costing is applied.

    • Greater, lower or the same as that where absorption costing is applied

    • The same as that where absorption costing is applied.

    Correct Answer
    A. The same as that where absorption costing is applied.
    Explanation
    When sales and production are the same quantity, the profit reported under marginal costing will be the same as that under absorption costing. Marginal costing only considers variable costs in determining the cost of production, while absorption costing includes both variable and fixed costs. However, when sales and production are equal, there is no difference in the treatment of fixed costs between the two costing methods. Therefore, the profit reported will be the same under both methods.

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  • 16. 

    14 Selling price per unit and variable cost per unit are Rs.8 and Rs.5 respectively; fixed production overhead for June is Rs.900; units produced and sold are 600 units and 450 units respectively; nil stock was held at the beginning of the June. Which of the following is the difference in production margin reported for June under absorption costing as compared to that under marginal costing?

    • Rs.450 higher under absorption costing

    • Rs.150 higher under absorption costing

    • Rs.225 higher under absorption costing

    • Rs.300 higher under absorption costing

    Correct Answer
    A. Rs.225 higher under absorption costing
    Explanation
    The difference in production margin reported for June under absorption costing compared to that under marginal costing is Rs.225 higher. Absorption costing includes fixed production overheads in the cost of each unit produced, while marginal costing only includes variable costs. Since the fixed production overhead for June is Rs.900 and 600 units were produced, the fixed production overhead per unit is Rs.1.50. Therefore, under absorption costing, the production margin would be lower by Rs.1.50 per unit compared to marginal costing. As 450 units were sold, the total difference in production margin would be Rs.225 (Rs.1.50 x 450 units).

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  • 17. 

    Absorption costing is differ from direct costing in the

    • Fact that standard cost can be used with absorption costing but not with direct costing.

    • Amount of cost assigned to individual unit of product.

    • Kinds of activities for which each can used to report .

    • Amount of fixed cost that will be incurred.

    Correct Answer
    A. Amount of fixed cost that will be incurred.
    Explanation
    Absorption costing and direct costing differ in terms of the amount of fixed cost that will be incurred. Absorption costing includes all manufacturing costs, both variable and fixed, in the cost of a product. This means that fixed costs are allocated to each unit of product. On the other hand, direct costing only includes variable manufacturing costs in the cost of a product and does not allocate any fixed costs to the units. Therefore, the amount of fixed cost that will be incurred is a key difference between absorption costing and direct costing.

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  • 18. 

    The total production cost for making 20,000 and Rs.21,000 and the total production cost of making 50,000 was Rs.34,000. Once production exceeds 25,000 units, additional fixed cost of Rs.4,000 are incurred. The full production cost per unit for making 30,000 unit is

    • Rs 0.30

    • Rs.0.68

    • Rs.0.84

    • Rs.0.93

    Correct Answer
    A. Rs.0.93
    Explanation
    The total production cost for making 20,000 and Rs.21,000 is not given, but the total production cost for making 50,000 units is given as Rs.34,000. This means that the cost per unit for making 50,000 units is Rs.34,000/50,000 = Rs.0.68. Since there is an additional fixed cost of Rs.4,000 once production exceeds 25,000 units, the cost per unit for making 30,000 units would be (Rs.34,000 + Rs.4,000)/30,000 = Rs.0.93. Therefore, the correct answer is Rs.0.93.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is true when sales units remains constants each month but production units fluctuate?

    • Profit reported each month always fluctuate in proportion to units produced

    • Absorption cost stock valuation will lead to a higher profit being reported where sales exceed production

    • Marginal cost stock valuation will give a higher profit where sales exceed production

    • Marginal cost stock valuation will result in the same profit being reported each month

    Correct Answer
    A. Marginal cost stock valuation will result in the same profit being reported each month
    Explanation
    When sales units remain constant each month but production units fluctuate, using marginal cost stock valuation will result in the same profit being reported each month. This is because under marginal cost valuation, the cost of goods sold is calculated based on the actual cost of producing each unit during that specific month. As a result, the profit reported will be consistent regardless of the fluctuation in production units.

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  • 20. 

    Net profit under absorption costing may differ from net profit determined under direct costing. Is the difference calculated as:

    • The quantity of all units in inventory times the relevant fixed cost per unit?

    • The quantity of all units in the inventory times relevant variable cost per unit?

    • The quantity of all units produced times the relevant fixed cost per units?

    • The quantity of all units produced times the relevant variable cost per units?

    Correct Answer
    A. The quantity of all units in inventory times the relevant fixed cost per unit?
    Explanation
    Under absorption costing, fixed manufacturing costs are allocated to each unit of production and included in the inventory cost. This means that the quantity of all units in inventory multiplied by the relevant fixed cost per unit will give the difference between net profit under absorption costing and net profit under direct costing. This is because direct costing only includes variable manufacturing costs in the inventory cost, resulting in a lower net profit compared to absorption costing.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jul 23, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Anishbhardwaj

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