Journalism History And Media Law

Yellow journalism refers to a type of sensational journalism that prioritizes attracting readers and viewers over reporting accurate and unbiased information. It often involves exaggeration, distortion, and manipulation of facts to create sensationalized stories. This style of journalism focuses on attracting attention and stirring up emotions rather than providing objective and truthful reporting.

Censorship refers to the act of suppressing or controlling information, typically by an authority figure. In this scenario, the correct answer is a school official asking a newspaper staff to remove a story from the paper. This action involves the restriction of certain content, demonstrating an act of censorship. The school official is exerting control over the information that can be published, limiting the freedom of expression and potentially manipulating the narrative presented in the newspaper.

Libel refers to the act of publishing a false statement of fact that causes significant harm to someone's reputation. Unlike slander, which is spoken defamation, libel involves written or printed statements. It is a legal term used to describe the act of spreading false information about someone that can damage their character or reputation. Libel is a serious offense and can result in legal consequences for the person responsible for spreading the false information.

The Penny Press refers to a newspaper founded by Benjamin Day, where the papers were sold for just one penny. This innovation in the newspaper industry occurred in the 1830s in New York City. It was a significant departure from the previous model of expensive newspapers, making news more accessible to the general public. The use of the term "Penny Press" does not refer to the material used for the press or any specific location, but rather to the affordability and popularity of the newspapers.

Nellie Bly was a journalist who wrote stories about the struggles faced by working women. She also gained fame for her investigative journalism, particularly when she lived in an asylum to expose the mistreatment of patients. Additionally, she became renowned for her record-breaking trip around the world, which she completed in just 72 days. Therefore, the correct answer is "all the above" because Nellie Bly accomplished all of these notable achievements.

The right to own a gun is not covered in the First Amendment. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government, but it does not explicitly mention the right to own a gun. The right to bear arms is protected under the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution, not the First Amendment.

Hazelwood case limits the student press more than the Tinker case. In the Hazelwood case, the Supreme Court ruled that school officials have the authority to censor school-sponsored publications if they can demonstrate a legitimate educational reason for doing so. This decision allows schools to have more control over the content that is published by students in school-sponsored media. On the other hand, the Tinker case established that students have the right to free speech in schools as long as it does not cause a substantial disruption to the educational environment. However, this case does not give schools the same level of control over student publications as the Hazelwood case does.

Muckracking refers to the act of exposing unfair and dangerous practices in industries. This term originated during the Progressive Era in the early 20th century when investigative journalists aimed to uncover corruption, abuses, and social injustices in various sectors. Muckrakers played a crucial role in raising public awareness and initiating reforms by shedding light on issues such as child labor, unsafe working conditions, and political corruption. Their work often involved in-depth research and reporting to bring about positive change and hold powerful entities accountable.

Associated Press is a wire service because it is a news agency that provides news articles and information to other media organizations. Wire services like Associated Press gather news from various sources and distribute it to newspapers, websites, and other media outlets. They play a crucial role in disseminating news quickly and efficiently to a wide audience. USA Today, New York Times, and Western Telegraph are all newspapers or media organizations, but they are not wire services.

The John Peter Zenger trial was important because it established that truth is a defense in libel cases. This means that if a statement is proven to be true, it cannot be considered libelous. This ruling had a significant impact on freedom of the press, as it allowed journalists to report on the truth without fear of legal repercussions. It also set a precedent for future libel cases, ensuring that truth would be a valid defense in similar situations.

Gloria Steinem was a magazine editor who led the feminist movement. She played a significant role in advocating for women's rights and equality. Through her work as an editor, writer, and activist, Steinem became a prominent figure in the feminist movement, addressing issues such as reproductive rights, gender discrimination, and workplace inequality. Her leadership and influence helped shape the feminist movement and inspire women around the world to fight for their rights.

Benjamin Harris is the correct answer because he was the editor of the first U.S. newspaper, Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick. Benjamin Day, Benjamin Franklin, and Benjamin Hart were not associated with this newspaper.

Margaret Bourke-White was a famous photographer who covered the Dust Bowl during the Depression. She was known for her powerful and evocative photographs that captured the devastating effects of the Dust Bowl on the lives of people in the American Midwest. Her images brought national attention to the plight of those affected by the environmental disaster and helped raise awareness about the need for government intervention and assistance. Bourke-White's work during this time solidified her reputation as one of the leading photojournalists of her era.

The Tinker case involved the right to protest the war. This refers to the landmark Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District in 1969. In this case, three students wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War, which led to their suspension. The Supreme Court ruled that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate," affirming their right to protest the war. This case established that students have First Amendment rights while at school, as long as their actions do not significantly disrupt the educational environment.