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The correct answer is "Inherent." When a metal is melted and then solidified into an ingot, it undergoes a change in its internal structure. This process creates an inherent discontinuity, meaning that there is a break or interruption in the metal's uniformity. This can lead to variations in the metal's properties and can affect its overall strength and performance.

The laboratory supervisor approves support equipment inspections as a nondestructive inspection (NDI) technique. This means that the supervisor authorizes and oversees inspections of the equipment used to support operations in the laboratory. These inspections are important to ensure that the support equipment is functioning properly and can effectively assist in conducting NDI tests.

A longitudinal field is easily detected with a field indicator because it creates a magnetic field that is aligned in the same direction as the movement of the current. This type of field is commonly produced by solenoids or wires carrying current in a straight line. The field indicator, such as a compass, can detect the presence and strength of this magnetic field by aligning itself with the field lines. In contrast, circular fields, direct current, and alternating current create magnetic fields that are not easily detected with a field indicator.

The correct answer is "Cold working, heat-treating, and a combination of both". Tempered aluminum is produced through a combination of cold working and heat-treating processes. Cold working involves deforming the metal at room temperature, which increases its strength and hardness. Heat-treating, on the other hand, involves heating the metal to a specific temperature and then cooling it rapidly or slowly to achieve desired properties. The combination of both processes allows for the production of tempered aluminum with improved strength, hardness, and other desired characteristics.

Fatigue cracks typically occur perpendicular to the direction of applied stress. This is because fatigue cracks are caused by repeated loading and unloading of a material, which leads to the formation of small cracks that grow over time. These cracks tend to propagate in a direction that is perpendicular to the applied stress, as this is where the material experiences the highest levels of stress concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is perpendicular to the direction of applied stress.

The type of borescope needed for a lab is determined by the specific applications and requirements of the lab. Aerospace ground equipment (AGE) equipment refers to the support equipment used for aircraft maintenance and operations on the ground, and it does not directly determine the type of borescope needed for the lab. On the other hand, specific weapon systems, aircraft engines, and missiles are all specific applications that may require different types of borescopes for inspection and maintenance purposes.

When inspecting with magnetic particle, parts may need to be stripped if the thickness exceeds 0.003 inch. This means that if the thickness of the parts being inspected is greater than 0.003 inch, they will need to be stripped or removed for further examination.

When using longitudinal magnetization technique, it is important to establish a part length that is at least twice the diameter of the part. This is because the magnetic field strength decreases as you move away from the surface of the part, and having a part length that is at least twice the diameter ensures that the entire part is adequately magnetized. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

A black light bulb with an output of 365 nm is the ideal choice for penetrant inspections. This specific wavelength falls within the ultraviolet (UV) range and is commonly used for detecting flaws or defects in materials. The 365 nm wavelength is effective in causing certain substances to fluoresce, making it easier to identify any surface cracks, leaks, or other imperfections during the inspection process.

A system performance test is a comprehensive evaluation of a system's performance to identify any issues or bottlenecks. Performing this test on a daily basis would be too frequent and time-consuming, as most systems do not experience significant changes within a day. Monthly or biweekly intervals might be too long, as any performance issues or changes in the system could go unnoticed for an extended period. Therefore, performing a system performance test on a weekly basis strikes a balance between frequent enough to catch any potential issues and not overly burdensome on resources.

The choice of technique for a particular magnetic particle inspection is determined by various factors such as the type of defect, shape of the part, equipment available, and part's surface condition. However, the surface condition of the part does not affect the choice of technique. The surface condition may influence the effectiveness of the inspection, but it does not determine the technique to be used.

The correct answer states that paint removers can be a solvent, bond release agent, softening agent, or a combination of these. This means that paint removers can function as a solvent to dissolve the paint, a bond release agent to break the bond between the paint and the surface, and a softening agent to make the paint easier to remove. It also suggests that paint removers can have a combination of these properties, meaning they can have multiple functions to effectively remove paint.

The given correct answer is "study". This is because the question is asking for a term that describes a process designed by engineers to gather results from actual inspections. A study is a systematic investigation or examination of a subject, in this case, the probability of detection (POD). Therefore, a study is the most appropriate term to describe the experimentation and demonstration process mentioned in the question.

Nonaqueous solvent-based developers are typically applied by spraying because this method allows for a more even and controlled distribution of the developer onto the surface being treated. Spraying ensures that the solvent-based developer is evenly spread over the entire area, resulting in a consistent and accurate development process. Brushing or swabbing may not provide the same level of uniformity, and immersion may not be suitable for certain surfaces or objects. Therefore, spraying is the preferred method for applying nonaqueous solvent-based developers.

The term for the rate at which electrons pass a given point in a conductor is current. Current is the flow of electric charge per unit time and is measured in amperes (A). It represents the movement of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire, in response to an applied voltage or electromotive force. Magnetic permeability is a property of materials related to their ability to conduct magnetic fields, while electromotive force is the potential difference that causes current to flow.

Dry particles are primarily used for inspecting welds and castings where defects are found below the surface. Dry particle inspection involves applying dry magnetic particles to the surface of the material being inspected. These particles are attracted to and accumulate at areas of magnetic flux leakage, indicating the presence of defects such as cracks or discontinuities below the surface. This method is effective for detecting subsurface defects and is commonly used in industries such as manufacturing, construction, and automotive. Wet particles, residual method, and continuous method are not specifically designed for inspecting defects below the surface.

In the hydrophilic process, the concentration range of hydrophilic remover in water is 5 to 35 percent. This means that the hydrophilic remover should be mixed with water in a concentration ranging from 5 to 35 percent in order to effectively carry out the hydrophilic process.

The correct answer is fluorescent materials because the Type I penetrant process utilizes materials that contain fluorescent dyes. These dyes are designed to enhance the visibility of any surface defects or cracks that may be present. When the penetrant is applied to the surface, it seeps into any cracks or defects, and then excess penetrant is removed. A developer is then applied, which helps to draw out any remaining penetrant from the cracks or defects. The fluorescent dyes in the penetrant make it easier to detect these defects under ultraviolet light, improving the overall inspection process.

Mechanical cleaning methods involve physically removing dirt, debris, or contaminants from a surface. These methods typically do not involve any chemical reactions that could cause etching of critical surfaces. Therefore, etching of critical surfaces is not a result of mechanical cleaning methods.

In the Method D system performance test, the test panels are cleaned for the second time. To ensure effective cleaning, the panels are left in an ultrasonic cleaner for a specific duration. In this case, the correct duration is 10 minutes. This allows the ultrasonic cleaner to effectively remove any remaining dirt or contaminants from the panels, ensuring they are thoroughly cleaned.

The first digit in the 1xxx number group within the Aluminum Association indicates that the metal contains at least 99 percent pure aluminum. This classification system is used to identify different alloys of aluminum based on their composition.

The correct answer is "Initial magnification". Auxiliary lenses, eyepieces, and calibrated zoom control knobs are engraved with the initial magnification, which refers to the starting level of magnification provided by these components. This initial magnification can be adjusted or further increased using the zoom control knobs.

Water is the correct answer because optical lenses with a protective coating can be easily cleaned with water. Using harsh chemicals or solvents like zylene or alcohol can damage the protective coating, so it is best to avoid them. Lens paper can also be used to gently clean the lenses, but water is a safe and effective option for regular cleaning.

The correct answer is adhesion and fusion. Adhesion refers to the process of joining two parts together by using an adhesive material, such as glue or epoxy. Fusion, on the other hand, involves melting the materials being joined and allowing them to solidify, creating a strong bond. Both adhesion and fusion are commonly used processes in welding to join parts together.

The correct answer is "Wet continuous." In particle application, the "wet continuous" method refers to continuously applying the particles in a wet form until the desired effect is achieved. This method involves keeping the particle flow on throughout the process, without turning it off before the final application of the current.

When demagnetizing, it is necessary to lift the model type DA-200 probe 2 feet away from the large part before turning it off. This distance ensures that the magnetic field generated by the probe does not interfere with the demagnetization process and prevents any residual magnetism from remaining in the part. A greater distance helps to ensure effective demagnetization.

Annealed type 301 or 302 stainless steel panels are used for testing the performance of hydrophilic remover. This is because stainless steel is resistant to corrosion and can withstand exposure to various chemicals. By using these panels, the effectiveness of the hydrophilic remover can be evaluated without any interference from the material being tested on.

Secondary processing refers to the additional manufacturing operations performed on a finished part, such as polishing, coating, or painting. These operations are usually done on the surface of the part, making it easier to detect any defects that may have occurred during this stage. In contrast, inherent defects are present within the material itself and may not be visible on the surface, while segregation refers to the non-uniform distribution of elements within a material, which may or may not be visible on the surface. Primary processing refers to the initial manufacturing operations, which may or may not result in defects that are easily detectable on the surface.

The welding process used to attach two pieces of metals together can increase the potential for discontinuities. This is because during welding, the metal is heated and melted, and then solidifies again. This heating and cooling process can create stress and introduce defects such as cracks or voids in the welded joint, leading to potential discontinuities.

The unit of measure for electromotive force is volt. Volt is the unit used to measure the potential difference or voltage across a circuit or device. It represents the amount of electrical energy per unit charge that is transferred in a circuit. Electromotive force is commonly referred to as voltage and is essential for the flow of electric current in a circuit.

The recommended current value in amperes (amps) on stationary equipment when inducing alternating current (AC) current can vary depending on the specific equipment and its power requirements. The range of 100 to 10,000 amps covers a wide range of potential current values that may be needed for different types of stationary equipment.

The system concept applies to penetrants and emulsifiers. The system concept refers to the combination of different materials that work together to achieve a specific function or result. In the case of a penetrant system, the penetrant and emulsifier are the key components that work together to detect and highlight defects or flaws in materials. The penetrant is applied to the surface of the material, and the emulsifier helps to draw out and make the defects more visible. Therefore, both penetrants and emulsifiers are essential elements of the penetrant system.

Depth of field refers to the distance between the nearest and farthest points in an image that appear acceptably sharp. In the context of a magnifier, the depth of field is the range of distances at which the magnifier can be moved toward or away from the specimen while still maintaining a clear and focused image. This term is commonly used in photography and microscopy to describe the area in focus, and it is crucial for obtaining a sharp image.

The concentration range of remover to water volume for the spray technique is 1 to 5 percent.

A hydrophilic remover refractometer is used to test for the presence of penetrant contamination. Penetrant contamination refers to the presence of a substance that has penetrated or seeped into a material or surface. This type of contamination can occur in various industries, such as manufacturing or automotive, where penetrant testing is used to detect defects or cracks in materials. The refractometer measures the refractive index of the liquid being tested, which can indicate the presence of penetrant contamination. Therefore, the correct answer is "Penetrant."

Discontinuities such as cracks, seams, or laps can cause continuous linear indications. This means that these types of defects can result in a continuous line or pattern on the surface of the material being inspected. These indications can be used to identify and locate the presence of these discontinuities, allowing for appropriate actions to be taken to address or repair them.

The correct answer is "smaller the length to diameter ratio (L/D), the greater the coil current amperage must be." This means that as the length to diameter ratio of the part decreases, the coil current amperage must increase in order to maintain the same flux density. This is because a smaller L/D ratio indicates a shorter and wider part, which requires a higher current to generate the same magnetic field strength.

Maximum toughness refers to the ability of a material to withstand impact without breaking. It is a combination of strength, hardness, elasticity, and plasticity. However, strength refers to the ability of a material to withstand an applied force without deformation or failure. Therefore, strength is not directly related to toughness and does not contribute to achieving proper balance in all of these properties.

Slag is another name for inclusion in metallurgy. Inclusions are impurities or foreign materials that are trapped within a metal during the manufacturing process. Slag refers specifically to the waste material that is produced during the smelting or refining of metals. It is typically a mixture of impurities and non-metallic materials that are separated from the desired metal. Slag can negatively impact the quality and properties of the metal, so it is important to minimize its presence in order to ensure a high-quality final product.

Oil should not be used to improve the flexibility of pole pieces on portable equipment. This is because oil can cause the pole pieces to become slippery and may result in reduced grip and stability. It can also attract dust and dirt, leading to potential damage or malfunction of the equipment. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid using oil and consider alternative options such as silicone lubricant, which can provide flexibility without compromising the performance of the equipment.

As the hardness of a metal decreases, it becomes less brittle. This means that the metal is less likely to break or fracture when subjected to stress or impact. This relationship suggests that a softer metal is more ductile and able to withstand deformation without breaking.

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The correct answer is AFTO Form 242. This form is used to submit new nondestructive inspection (NDI) techniques for review and publication. It is the appropriate form to document and provide details about the technique, allowing for proper evaluation and potential implementation in the future.

Inclusions are not a defect of the wrought process. Inclusions refer to impurities or foreign materials that are trapped within the metal during the manufacturing process. These impurities can weaken the metal and affect its properties. However, inclusions are not specific to the wrought process and can occur in other manufacturing processes as well. Defects of the wrought process include laps, which are caused by folding or overlapping of metal during forging; bursts, which are caused by excessive pressure or stress during forming; and flakes, which are caused by improper heat treatment or excessive cold working of the metal.

Overstressing may occur as a result of an accident or a part becoming overloaded. This happens when the stress on a material exceeds its maximum capacity, leading to potential damage or failure. Overstressing can cause deformation, fractures, or other forms of structural damage to the material.

Nondestructive inspection (NDI) techniques are used to evaluate the quality, integrity, properties, and dimensions of a material or product without causing any damage. These techniques allow for the detection of discontinuities, manufacturer flaws, and the assessment of serviceability. By focusing on these aspects, NDI techniques help ensure that the inspected item meets the required standards and is suitable for its intended purpose.

Sharp and jagged lines that follow the grain boundaries indicate a scratch. A scratch occurs when a hard object is dragged across a surface, causing the material to be removed and leaving behind a visible mark. The sharp and jagged lines are the result of the scratching action, which follows the natural pattern of the material's grain boundaries.

Lines of force in a leakage field are called magnetic flux lines. Magnetic flux lines represent the path that a magnetic field takes from one pole of a magnet to another. In the case of a leakage field, these lines represent the magnetic field that "leaks" or extends beyond the intended area. These lines help visualize and understand the direction and strength of the magnetic field in the leakage area.

Fluorescent penetrants are substances used in non-destructive testing to detect surface defects. They work by applying a fluorescent dye to the surface and then removing the excess dye. The remaining dye will seep into any defects, making them visible under UV light. However, these dyes are sensitive to elevated temperatures. The higher the temperature, the more likely the fluorescence will be destroyed. Therefore, the correct answer is 250 degrees F, as this is the highest temperature listed and the one most likely to destroy the fluorescence of the penetrants.

The probability of detection (POD) curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the probability of detecting a flaw and the flaw size. It is commonly used in nondestructive testing to evaluate the performance of inspection procedures and equipment. However, it is not used for the selection of an applicable nondestructive inspection (NDI) procedure. The selection of an NDI procedure involves considering factors such as the type of material, the specific flaw being sought, and the equipment and techniques available. The POD curve is used to assess the performance of the chosen procedure, not to select it.