Test Your Knowledge About Human Genetics! Trivia Quiz

1. In the science fiction film When Worlds Collide, 100 individuals are selected to leave a doomed Earth in a spaceship to re-establish humanity elsewhere. This scenario illustrates

A founder's effect

A mutation effect

A population funnel

A deleterious allele

2. Memers of two populations in different parts of the world have the same form of inherited breast cancer. The affected individuals in each population have only one specific mutation, but it is different between the two populations. An explanation for this mutation difference among these populations is

A founder eefect

Mutations associated with religion

Random mating

Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium

3. Which of these are thought to have anti-cancer benefits?

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs)

Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli

Red meats

Baked potatoes

4. Mitochondrial DNA is helful in obtaining a DNA profile for very degraded genetic material because

Cells have many mitochondira, and therefore several copies of mtDNA sequences.

The mitochondrial outer membrane protects it from being damaged

Mitochondria contain oxidative enzymes ha protect the DNA

MtDNA consists of a single helix, so it cannot be unwound

5. All of the genes in a population comprise its

Genotype

Gene pool

Gene frequency

6. The allele T is in 85 percent of a population (p=0.85). According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what percentage of the population will have the recessive allele t (q=?)?

15%

50%

85%

100%

7. Growth of new blood vessels in and around tumors is called

Invasiveness.

Angiogenesis.

Metastasis

Dedifferentiation.

8. If the incidence of an autosomal recessive condition is 1/3,600 live births, what is the carrier frequency?

.0003

.29

.286

.684

9. Darwin thought that all natural selection was negative. However, we have since learned that positive selection is a powerful force, and it

Creates new gene variants that enhance the phenotype

Retains gene variants or combinations that promote successful reproduction

Enables people to resist infectious diseases

Enables us to alter our genotypes

10. Who invented DNA profiling?

Godfrey Hardy

William Weinberg

Alec Jeffreys

Godfrey Hardy and William Weinberg

11. If the incidence of Tay-Sachs is 1/3600 Ashkenazim births, what is the heterozygote (carrier) freuency?

.0003

.029

.286

.684

12. ___in the mycobacterium tuberculosis population reduced the incidence and virulence of tuberculosis in the early twentieth century

Natural selection

Mutation

Migration

Nonrandom mating

13. DNA analysis to determine genetic indentity applies

Mendel;s law of independent assortment and the product rule

Mendel;s law of segregation and the product rule

The central dogma

The law of polymorphism

14. Genes that normally prevent cell division are

Tumor suppressors.

Transcription factors.

Proto-oncogenes.

Growth factors

15. Which of the folowing would not alter a gene's frequency in a population?

Mutation

Migration

Random mating

Inbreeding

16. The parts of the genome that are used in markers of identity in DNA profiling

Are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and therefore not affected by natural selection acting on a phenotype.

Are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and therefore not affected by natural selection acting on a genotype.

Are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and therefore not affected by natural selection acting on a phenotype.

Are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and therefore not affected by natural selection acting on a genotype.

17. The frequency of the allele that causes sickle cell disease is higher in some populations than in others because

The gene mutates at different frequences in different parts of the world

The incidence o malaria differs in different parts of the world

Sickle cell disease screening is better in developed countries

Heterozygotes are resistant to cholera

18. The connection between stem cells and cancer is that

All stem cells are also cancer cells.

Cells may become cancerous by expressing "stemness" genes.

Stem cells rescue cells that have become cancerous.

Stem cells become cancerous if a person smokes.

19.

The first mutation typically detected in FAP colon cancer is

APC

TGF

P53

PRL-3

20.

Which type of study would compare the incidence of colon cancer among Japanese and Americans of Japanese descent?

Clinical

Population

Prospective

Case-control

21. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is possible only if the population is

Small, with no migration out of in, and females outnumbering males.

Large, with random mating and no migration, mutation, genetic drift, or natural selection.

Small, with nonrandom mating and no migration, mutation, genetic drift, or artificial selection.

Large, with nonrandom mating, mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection.

22. For a very rare inherited disease, the frequency of heterozygotes in a population is

Half that of the dominant allele.

Double that of the recessive allele.

Very close to 0.

Near 1.

23. A sharp cline may indicate

A sudden increase in the mutation rate

A population bottleneck

A geographical obstacle, such as a moutain

Exposure to a devasting infectious disease

24. A "cold hit" refers to

A DNA profile made from frozen DNA, such as from a wooly mammoth.

Identifying a suspect from DNA alone.

A technology to preserve DNA.

Using CODIS to identify the victim of a crime.

25. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 75 percent of the individuals have a dominant allele for a particular genen (p+0.75) and 25 percent have a recessive allele (q=0.25). The proportion of homozygous recessive individuals in the F1 generation will be

2.5%

6.25%

18.75%

25%

26. Resistance of sickle cel disease carriers to malaria illustrates

Genetic drift

A population bottleneck

Balanced polymorphism

A founder effect

27. CODIS is

A fifteen-base DNA sequence used in DNA profiling

A type of mutation used in forensic applications

A system for crime laboratories to share DNA profiles

The last name of the person who invented DNA profiling

28. If one person in 50 is a carrier of an autosomal recessive disorder in a population, the cahnce tha an unrelated man and woman are both carriers is

1/50

1/100

1/2500

1/25000

29. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq refers to

The proportion of heterozygotes in a population.

The number of homozygous dominant individuals in a population.

The most common phenotype in a population.

Individuals who are homozygous recessive.

30. VNTRs and STRs differ in that

A VNTR repeat is shorter than an STR repeat.

A VNTR repeat is longer than an STR repeat.

A VNTR is a type of copy number variant and an STR is not.

An STR is a type of copy number variant and a VNTR is not.

31. Which group is used to calculate the frequency of an allele in a population?

Homozygous recessives

The most fertile individuals

Homozygous dominants

Heterozygotes

32. If the incidence of an autosomal recessive condition is 1/3600 live births, what is the carrier frequency?

.0003

.029

.286

.684

33. Principles of population genetics must be applied to determine identity based on DNA profiling because

VNTRs are not found in all populations.

Individuals are their own populations.

Random mating does not occur in all populations.

Alleles are invariant between all human populations.

34. DNA profiling was less useful in identifying remains from the 2004 tsunami than in criminal cases because

The DNA after the tsunami was too wet to analyze.

Rescuers could not get to the scene of the tsunami in time to collect DNA.

The tsunami left few bodies with collectible DNA.

Not enough repeats were profiled.

35. Cancer cells

Divide uncontrollably and then die.

Are particularly sensitive to extracellular signals.

Divide uncontrollably and are immortal.

Are impossible to grow in culture.

36.

Cancer does not typically follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance because it is usually caused by

Two gene variants, one dominant and one recessive, and no environmental input.

Specific combinations of alleles and an environmental factor.

Specific combinations of an environmental factor and one dominant gene variant.

Environmental insults and no genes at all.

37. Frequency of an X-linked recessive allele in males equals

P^2

2pq

Q^2

Q

38. To determine the evolutionary history of a gene, geneticists assume that the most prevalent alleles in a population

Are dominant

Have mutated the most

Are the oldest

Are the most recently acquired

39. The population of HIV variants in a person's body changes during the course of infection due to

Natural selection

Mutation

Migration

Genetic drift

40. A founder effect within a founder effect occurred among the

Old Order Amish of Pennsylvania

Ashkenazi Jewish people of Eastern Europe

Pingelapese people of Micronesia

French Canadians of Quebec

41. A breast cancer test for HER2 considers

Genotype

Phenotype.

Gene expression.

Mutation rate.

42. Several genes that cause inherited forms of breast cancer have _____ in common.

Broken single DNA strands

Increased likelihood of a translocation

Interference with repair of a double-strand DNA breaks

Attracting radiation from the environment to the DNA, where it causes breaks

43. Sporadic cancers result from

Recessive or dominant mutation in a somatic cell.

Recessive or dominant germline mutation.

Mutation in a sperm or oocyte.

Exposure to a cancer-causing virus.

44. In order to identify (or rule out identity) from a DNA sample that is a mixture, the investigator should know

How long the DNA has been exposed to the environment.

How the person perished.

The population groups to which the person of interest belongs or belonged.

The genome sequence of the suspect or missing person.

45. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of recessive alleles will _______ over time.

Increase

Decrease

Remain the same

Increase and then decrease

46. A social characteristic that can create clines is

Religion

Marriage

Language

Geographic barries

47. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations

Are X-linked.

Are incompletely penetrant.

Are translocations.

Cause several types of leukemia

48. Many alleles cause PKU. A unique mutation found only in Yemenite Jews is probably

More ancient than other PKU mutations

A result of genetic drift

Due to a strong heterozygote advantage

Identical to the original allele

49. Loss of tumor suppression in a cell usually results from

Cytokine activation of a tumor suppressor gene.

A translocation of a tumor suppressor gene.

An inversion involving a tumor suppressor gene.

A deletion of a tumor suppressor gene.

50. Which choice describes a biological population?

A bird, a lizard, and an insect in a cage at a zoo

An all-male army

People living in an apartment building

Pebbles on a beach

51. Principles of population genetics must be applied to determine identity based on DNA profiling because

VNTR's are not found in all populations

Individuals are their own populations

Random mating does not occur in all populations

Alleles are invariant between all human populations

52. Gene flow is the

Migration of individuals between populations.

Transfer of genes within a population.

Variation of alleles within a population.

Movement of alleles between populations.

53. Which of the choices best describes macroevolution?

Individuals with one genotype reproduce more than individuals with another genotype in a population

Many individuals move into a new area

Mutation creates new alleles that are dominant

A new species emerges

54. In human populations, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is seen

In small, isolated communities

In popoulations with many immigrants

In communities founded by a small number of people

Infrequently and in large communities with random mating

55. A small group of islanders leave "island A" and travel to "island B." After several generations on island B, a researcher finds that a large percentage of the population is left-handed. Left-handedness is a relatively rare trait on island A. A genetic event that explains this is

A population bottleneck

Genetic load

A founder effect

Natural selection

56. A more recently developed cancer treatment is

Releasing control over apoptosis.

Stimulating telomerase activity.

Stimulating cells to return to a stem-like state of specialization.

Inhibiting angiogenesis.

57. The gradual change in specific human mitochondrial DNA sequences along a river illustrates

A founder effect

Genetic lad

A population bottleneck

A cline

58. Matthew has the inherited form of the eye cancer retinoblastoma. His disease is caused by

A germinal mutation in one RB allele, and no mutation in the other allele.

A somatic mutation in each copy of the RB gene in the same cell.

A germinal mutation in one RB allele, then a somatic mutation in the other allele.

A somatic mutation in the one of the RB genes in the same area of the retina of one eye.

59.

Frequency of an X-linked recessive allele in males equals

P^2

2pq

Q^2

Q

60. A suspect's guilt seems highly likely when a very rare combination of markers is

Found in the population the suspect comes from and at the crime scene

Not found in the population the suspect comes from, but present at the crime scene

Found in the suspect's DNA but not at the crime scene or in the opopulation the suspect comes from

Found in the population the suspect comes from, in the suspect's DNA, and at the crime scene

Test Your Knowledge About Human Genetics! Trivia Quiz

1. In the science fiction film When Worlds Collide, 100 individuals are selected to leave a doomed Earth in a spaceship to re-establish humanity elsewhere. This scenario illustrates

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

3. Which of these are thought to have anti-cancer benefits?

4. Mitochondrial DNA is helful in obtaining a DNA profile for very degraded genetic material because

5. All of the genes in a population comprise its

6. The allele T is in 85 percent of a population (p=0.85). According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what percentage of the population will have the recessive allele t (q=?)?

7. Growth of new blood vessels in and around tumors is called

8. If the incidence of an autosomal recessive condition is 1/3,600 live births, what is the carrier frequency?

9. Darwin thought that all natural selection was negative. However, we have since learned that positive selection is a powerful force, and it

10. Who invented DNA profiling?

11. If the incidence of Tay-Sachs is 1/3600 Ashkenazim births, what is the heterozygote (carrier) freuency?

12. ___in the mycobacterium tuberculosis population reduced the incidence and virulence of tuberculosis in the early twentieth century

13. DNA analysis to determine genetic indentity applies

14. Genes that normally prevent cell division are

15. Which of the folowing would not alter a gene's frequency in a population?

16. The parts of the genome that are used in markers of identity in DNA profiling

17. The frequency of the allele that causes sickle cell disease is higher in some populations than in others because

18. The connection between stem cells and cancer is that

19. The first mutation typically detected in FAP colon cancer is

20. Which type of study would compare the incidence of colon cancer among Japanese and Americans of Japanese descent?

21. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is possible only if the population is

22. For a very rare inherited disease, the frequency of heterozygotes in a population is

23. A sharp cline may indicate

24. A "cold hit" refers to

25. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 75 percent of the individuals have a dominant allele for a particular genen (p+0.75) and 25 percent have a recessive allele (q=0.25). The proportion of homozygous recessive individuals in the F1 generation will be

26. Resistance of sickle cel disease carriers to malaria illustrates

27. CODIS is

28. If one person in 50 is a carrier of an autosomal recessive disorder in a population, the cahnce tha an unrelated man and woman are both carriers is

29. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq refers to

30. VNTRs and STRs differ in that

31. Which group is used to calculate the frequency of an allele in a population?

32. If the incidence of an autosomal recessive condition is 1/3600 live births, what is the carrier frequency?

33. Principles of population genetics must be applied to determine identity based on DNA profiling because

34. DNA profiling was less useful in identifying remains from the 2004 tsunami than in criminal cases because

35. Cancer cells

36. Cancer does not typically follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance because it is usually caused by

37. Frequency of an X-linked recessive allele in males equals

38. To determine the evolutionary history of a gene, geneticists assume that the most prevalent alleles in a population

39. The population of HIV variants in a person's body changes during the course of infection due to

40. A founder effect within a founder effect occurred among the

41. A breast cancer test for HER2 considers

42. Several genes that cause inherited forms of breast cancer have _____ in common.

43. Sporadic cancers result from

44. In order to identify (or rule out identity) from a DNA sample that is a mixture, the investigator should know

45. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of recessive alleles will _______ over time.

46. A social characteristic that can create clines is

47. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations

48. Many alleles cause PKU. A unique mutation found only in Yemenite Jews is probably

49. Loss of tumor suppression in a cell usually results from

50. Which choice describes a biological population?

51. Principles of population genetics must be applied to determine identity based on DNA profiling because

52. Gene flow is the

53. Which of the choices best describes macroevolution?

54. In human populations, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is seen

55. A small group of islanders leave "island A" and travel to "island B." After several generations on island B, a researcher finds that a large percentage of the population is left-handed. Left-handedness is a relatively rare trait on island A. A genetic event that explains this is

56. A more recently developed cancer treatment is

57. The gradual change in specific human mitochondrial DNA sequences along a river illustrates

58. Matthew has the inherited form of the eye cancer retinoblastoma. His disease is caused by

59. Frequency of an X-linked recessive allele in males equals

60. A suspect's guilt seems highly likely when a very rare combination of markers is

19.

The first mutation typically detected in FAP colon cancer is

20.

Which type of study would compare the incidence of colon cancer among Japanese and Americans of Japanese descent?

36.

Cancer does not typically follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance because it is usually caused by

59.

Frequency of an X-linked recessive allele in males equals