HESI A2 Workbook ELA: Reading Exam 1

1. Read the passage and answer the question. Dear Mr. O'Hara, I am writing to let you know how much of a positive impact you have made on our daughter. Before being in your algebra class, Violet was math phobic. She would shut down when new concepts would not come to her easily. As a result, she did not pass many tests. Despite this past struggle, she has blossomed in your class! Your patience and dedication have made all the difference in the world. Above all, your one-on-one sessions with her have truly helped her in ways you cannot imagine. She is a more confident and capable math student, thanks to you. We cannot thank you enough. Fondly, Bridgette Foster Question: Which adjective best describes the tone of this passage?

Arrogant

Hopeless

Friendly

Appreciative

D. The tone of this letter is appreciative as the author openly thanks the teacher for all he has done for her daughter. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

Explanation

D. The tone of this letter is appreciative as the author openly thanks the teacher for all he has done for her daughter. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

2. Which word functions as a transition in the sentence below? Cassandra loved reading and writing books as a child. Thus she became an English teacher in her adult life.

Loved

Child

Thus

Became

C. The transition is the word that links the two ideas: thus. This word shows how the two sentences have a cause-and-effect relationship. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

Explanation

C. The transition is the word that links the two ideas: thus. This word shows how the two sentences have a cause-and-effect relationship. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

3. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most children under the age of 18 are very overweight. Statistics show that 1 in 3 children have been diagnosed as obese. This is way too much. There is no reason for so many children to be obese. Children must eat a balanced diet devoid of processed foods, get at least one hour of exercise every day, and make sure to sleep for 9-10 hours or suffer a life full of health problems. It is concerning to see so many unhealthy young people in our country. Children should be active and engaged instead of sedentary and apathetic. Question: Which excerpt from the text, if true, is a fact?

Most children under the age of 18 are very overweight.

Statistics show that 1 in 3 children have been diagnosed as obese.

It is concerning to see so many unhealthy young people in our country.

Children should be active and engaged instead of sedentary and apathetic.

B. Factual information is verifiable and not based on personal beliefs or feelings. The statistic about the number of children who have been diagnosed as obese is a fact. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

Explanation

B. Factual information is verifiable and not based on personal beliefs or feelings. The statistic about the number of children who have been diagnosed as obese is a fact. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

4. Read the following text and then answer the question. Preheat your oven to 350 degrees. Get out all your equipment and ingredients. In a large bowl, combine flour, baking powder, sugar, and salt. Then soften 1 cup of butter. Next add the butter and the eggs to the dry mixture and stir until all the ingredients are mixed. Mix in the chocolate chips. Using a tablespoon, spoon out the batter onto a pre-greased cookie sheet. Bake in the oven for 12 minutes. Allow cookies to cool before serving. Question: Which of the following words from the text indicate sequence?

Preheat, Mix

Then, Next

Using, Bake

Get, In

B. The words “Then” and “Next” indicate sequence because they tell you when to do a step. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features

Explanation

B. The words “Then” and “Next” indicate sequence because they tell you when to do a step. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features

5. Read the following paragraphs and answer the question. The idea of getting rid of homework at the elementary school level is debatable, but giving young children a well-needed break after school is undoubtedly beneficial. A study of elementary age children and homework showed that daily homework causes high rates of anxiety and depression in young people. In contrast, schools that have gotten rid of the homework requirement have reported a drop in depression and anxiety among students. According to a nationwide analysis of standardized testing scores, schools that have gotten rid of homework have seen benefits. Test scores have gone up incrementally from year to year. On the contrary, schools that mandate daily homework have seen stagnant test scores. Therefore, it is safe to say that homework does nothing to enhance student learning at all. Question: Which statement expresses an opinion?

According to a nationwide analysis of standardized testing scores, schools that have gotten rid of homework have seen benefits.

A. The argument that getting rid of homework is undoubtedly beneficial is an opinion statement because it makes a judgment. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

A. The argument that getting rid of homework is undoubtedly beneficial is an opinion statement because it makes a judgment. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

6. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most children under the age of 18 are very overweight. Statistics show that 1 in 3 children have been diagnosed as obese. This is way too much. There is no reason for so many children to be obese. Children must eat a balanced diet devoid of processed foods, get at least one hour of exercise every day, and make sure to sleep for 9-10 hours or suffer a life full of health problems. It is concerning to see so many unhealthy young people in our country. Children should be active and engaged instead of sedentary and apathetic. Question: What is the primary argument in the passage?

A healthy diet is the key to a healthy life.

Childhood obesity is a major problem in our country.

Too many young people do not get enough sleep each night.

Processed foods have caused too much obesity in our youth.

B. This passage argues that childhood obesity is a major problem in our country. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

Explanation

B. This passage argues that childhood obesity is a major problem in our country. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

7. Please read the text below and answer the question. In the past 10-15 years, koalas have been repeatedly harmed or killed in traffic accidents. When the animals cross busy roads, highways, and intersections to get to their food source, the eucalyptus tree, many of them meet a terrible fate. Australian developers have been taking over koala habitats to keep up with the country's booming population. This has resulted in the endangerment of the country's most beloved animal. Concerned individuals have taken action by creating koala "pathways," routes traveling over roads, highways, and intersections to ensure koalas keep safe. In addition, koala hospitals have been established in these areas to rehabilitate the injured animals. Question: Which sentence provides another supporting detail to address the topic of the sentences above?

Kangaroos, emus, and wombats are other popular animals in Australia.

Australia has a diverse population of citizens from various countries throughout the world.

Koalas are not bears but marsupials, mammals that carry their young in a pouch.

Australia has erected over 500 koala pathways over the past two years.

D. Each of the above sentences is related in some way to the passage, but the detail about the number of koala pathways that have been built is the best fit for the topic of the text. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

D. Each of the above sentences is related in some way to the passage, but the detail about the number of koala pathways that have been built is the best fit for the topic of the text. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

8. Read the passage and answer the question. Dear Mr. O'Hara, I am writing to let you know how much of a positive impact you have made on our daughter. Before being in your algebra class, Violet was math phobic. She would shut down when new concepts would not come to her easily. As a result, she did not pass many tests. Despite this past struggle, she has blossomed in your class! Your patience and dedication have made all the difference in the world. Above all, your one-on-one sessions with her have truly helped her in ways you cannot imagine. She is a more confident and capable math student, thanks to you. We cannot thank you enough. Fondly, Bridgette Foster Question: Which phrase from the passage has an openly appreciative and warm tone?

I am writing to let you now

You have made on our daughter

Made all the difference

We cannot thank you enough

D. The author of the letter uses a lot of respectful and admiring language, but the line “We cannot thank you enough” has an especially appreciative and warm tone. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

Explanation

D. The author of the letter uses a lot of respectful and admiring language, but the line “We cannot thank you enough” has an especially appreciative and warm tone. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

9. Study the infographic below and answer the question. Resource: The Food and Drug Administration Question: Which of the following is a sign that the infographic is credible?

The information is presented in an organized way

The information comes from a government agency

The information is colorful and engaging

The information has the word “FACTS” written at the top

B. The information comes from a government agency called the FDA, and government sources are credible. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

B. The information comes from a government agency called the FDA, and government sources are credible. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

10. Read the following text and then answer the question. Preheat your oven to 350 degrees. Get out all your equipment and ingredients. In a large bowl, combine flour, baking powder, sugar, and salt. Then soften 1 cup of butter. Next add the butter and the eggs to the dry mixture and stir until all the ingredients are mixed. Mix in the chocolate chips. Using a tablespoon, spoon out the batter onto a pre-greased cookie sheet. Bake in the oven for 12 minutes. Allow cookies to cool before serving. Question: What does the term "pre-greased cookie sheet" tell you?

That you are supposed to grease the cookie sheet right after you spoon out the batter

That you are supposed to grease the cookie sheet at some time before putting the batter onto it

That you are supposed to grease the cookie sheet after preheating the oven

That you are supposed to grease the cookie sheet after the baking the cookies

B. The prefix “pre” in the word “pre-greased” means “before,” so the cookie sheet needs to be greased sometime before putting the batter onto it. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features

Explanation

B. The prefix “pre” in the word “pre-greased” means “before,” so the cookie sheet needs to be greased sometime before putting the batter onto it. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features

11. Study the infographic below and answer the question. Resource: The Food and Drug Administration Question: What could a skeptical reader do to verify the facts on the infographic?

Interview one chef from a local restaurant about safe food handling.

Contact the agencies whose phone numbers are listed at the bottom of the page.

Check a tertiary source like Wikipedia to verify the information.

Compare the info graphic’s information about safe food handling to a cook’s blog.

B. One way to verify facts is to call all the numbers of the government agencies listed at the bottom of the page for more information. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

B. One way to verify facts is to call all the numbers of the government agencies listed at the bottom of the page for more information. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

12. What is the most likely purpose of an article explaining why Eastern medicine is better than Western medicine?

To decide

To inform

To persuade

To entertain

C. The article argues a point, so it is meant to persuade. See Lesson: Understanding the Author's Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

C. The article argues a point, so it is meant to persuade. See Lesson: Understanding the Author's Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

13. Which words or phrases should be inserted into the blanks below to provide clear transitions between the ideas? Jose is a determined individual. he spent five days trying to teach himself the guitar since he wants to join a band. _ his mom claims that he exhibited similar behavior when he wanted to walk; he spent hours getting up and falling down.

In conclusion; Thus

First; Consequently

Although; In contrast

For instance; Moreover

D. The sentences above would be best served with an example transition and an addition transition. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

Explanation

D. The sentences above would be best served with an example transition and an addition transition. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

14. Read the following paragraphs and answer the question. The idea of getting rid of homework at the elementary school level is debatable, but giving young children a well-needed break after school is undoubtedly beneficial. A study of elementary age children and homework showed that daily homework causes high rates of anxiety and depression in young people. In contrast, schools that have gotten rid of the homework requirement have reported a drop in depression and anxiety among students. According to a nationwide analysis of standardized testing scores, schools that have gotten rid of homework have seen benefits. Test scores have gone up incrementally from year to year. On the contrary, schools that mandate daily homework have seen stagnant test scores. Therefore, it is safe to say that homework does nothing to enhance student learning at all. Question: Which sentence in the passage displays faulty reasoning?

According to a nationwide analysis of standardized testing scores, schools that have gotten rid of homework have seen benefits.

Test scores have gone up incrementally from year to year.

On the contrary, schools that mandate daily homework have seen stagnant test scores.

Therefore, it is safe to say that homework does nothing to enhance student learning at all.

D. The sentence about homework doing nothing to enhance student learning at all is an overgeneralization. The term “at all” makes a big over-arching claim that cannot be verified, as the author does not even explore some of the potential benefits of daily homework. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

D. The sentence about homework doing nothing to enhance student learning at all is an overgeneralization. The term “at all” makes a big over-arching claim that cannot be verified, as the author does not even explore some of the potential benefits of daily homework. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

15. An art major finds a video presentation of a group of people commenting on the works of a famous artist she has been studying. She is deciding if it is a credible source. Which detail about the video, if true, would not give her reason to trust the video?

The video was filmed within the past two years

One of the speakers is a renown ivy league Art History professor

Real paintings of the artist’s work is shown

The video is highly edited and some speakers are cut off mid-sentence

D. Highly edited videos can be biased because parts could be purposely removed. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

D. Highly edited videos can be biased because parts could be purposely removed. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

16. Read the following paragraphs and answer the question. The idea of getting rid of homework at the elementary school level is debatable, but giving young children a well-needed break after school is undoubtedly beneficial. A study of elementary age children and homework showed that daily homework causes high rates of anxiety and depression in young people. In contrast, schools that have gotten rid of the homework requirement have reported a drop in depression and anxiety among students. According to a nationwide analysis of standardized testing scores, schools that have gotten rid of homework have seen benefits. Test scores have gone up incrementally from year to year. On the contrary, schools that mandate daily homework have seen stagnant test scores. Therefore, it is safe to say that homework does nothing to enhance student learning at all. Question: What is the primary argument of the passage?

Schools need to change the type of homework they give to elementary school students.

There are no clear benefits from giving elementary aged students daily homework.

A school’s standardized test scores is a good measure of how the school is performing overall.

Schools with stagnant test scores would benefit from giving students more homework.

B. The main argument in this passage is that there are no clear benefits from giving elementary aged students daily homework. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

B. The main argument in this passage is that there are no clear benefits from giving elementary aged students daily homework. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

17. Please read the text below and answer the question. Most people have had the pleasure of tasting a delicious chocolate chip cookie at some point in their lives. But what most folks do not know is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. Ruth Graves Wakefield, owner of the popular Toll House Inn in Whitman, Massachusetts, prepared all the food for her guests. People came from all over to stay at the Toll House Inn and eat her famous Chocolate Butter Drop Do cookies. These chocolate cookies were such a hit that Ruth found herself baking them on a daily basis. One day, when she was preparing the recipe, she realized she had run out of baker's chocolate. She decided to break up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate instead, expecting them to melt and disperse through the cookie dough. To her surprise, when she took the cookies out of the oven, the chocolate morsels retained their shape as "chips" in the cookie, thereby making them the first batch of chocolate chip cookies every baked. Ruth's chocolate chip cookies were so popular that they ended up permanently replacing her chocolate butter drop do cookies. Thanks to this happy accident, people all over the world get to enjoy one of the best desserts ever invented! Question: Which sentence summarizes the main idea of the paragraph?

Chocolate chip cookies are more popular than chocolate butter drop do cookies.

Ruth Graves Wakefield became famous for her chocolate chip cookie recipe.

One of the most classic and popular desserts came about unexpectedly.

It takes a whole lot of work to create something long-lasting.

C. This paragraph presents the story behind the invention of the chocolate chip cookie. It discusses the fact that the dessert was a complete accident. This idea is expressed in a topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

C. This paragraph presents the story behind the invention of the chocolate chip cookie. It discusses the fact that the dessert was a complete accident. This idea is expressed in a topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

18. Which graphic would best support a paragraph explaining the percentage breakdowns of how a charity organization plans to spend a large donation?

Diagram

Flowchart

Bar Graph

Pie Chart

D. A pie chart is useful for representing all of something- in this case a large donation made to a charity- and the percentage values of its parts. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

D. A pie chart is useful for representing all of something- in this case a large donation made to a charity- and the percentage values of its parts. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

19. An author's purpose is the:

Opinion the author has on a topic.

Reason an author writes something.

Strategies the author uses to entertain.

Details the author uses to explain a process.

B. An author’s purpose is his or her reason for writing. See Lesson: Understanding Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

B. An author’s purpose is his or her reason for writing. See Lesson: Understanding Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

20. Please read the text below and answer the question. In the past 10-15 years, koalas have been repeatedly harmed or killed in traffic accidents. When the animals cross busy roads, highways, and intersections to get to their food source, the eucalyptus tree, many of them meet a terrible fate. Australian developers have been taking over koala habitats to keep up with the country's booming population. This has resulted in the endangerment of the country's most beloved animal. Concerned individuals have taken action by creating koala "pathways," routes traveling over roads, highways, and intersections to ensure koalas keep safe. In addition, koala hospitals have been established in these areas to rehabilitate the injured animals. Question: Which phrase best describes the topic of the group of sentences above?

An analysis of animal behavior in the wild

An account of human impact on an animal species

A description of a building development plan

An examination of the ways humans help animals

B. All of the above sentences are related in some way to the text, but the topic is specifically about an account of human impact on an animal species. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

B. All of the above sentences are related in some way to the text, but the topic is specifically about an account of human impact on an animal species. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

21. Read the passage and answer the question. Dear Mr. O'Hara, I am writing to let you know how much of a positive impact you have made on our daughter. Before being in your algebra class, Violet was math phobic. She would shut down when new concepts would not come to her easily. As a result, she did not pass many tests. Despite this past struggle, she has blossomed in your class! Your patience and dedication have made all the difference in the world. Above all, your one-on-one sessions with her have truly helped her in ways you cannot imagine. She is a more confident and capable math student, thanks to you. We cannot thank you enough. Fondly, Bridgette Foster Question: What mood would this passage most likely evoke in the math teacher, Mr. O'Hara?

Calm

Grateful

Sympathetic

Embarrassment

B. A teacher receiving a note like this would likely feel grateful. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

Explanation

B. A teacher receiving a note like this would likely feel grateful. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

22. Which graphic would best support a paragraph about the different parts of a car engine and their functions?

Diagram

Flowchart

Bar Graph

Pie Chart

A. A diagram presents a picture with labels that show the parts of an object or functions of a mechanism. This would be the best graphic to support the paragraph mentioned above. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

A. A diagram presents a picture with labels that show the parts of an object or functions of a mechanism. This would be the best graphic to support the paragraph mentioned above. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

23. What is the most likely purpose of a realistic fiction book about one family's experience living in a foreign country?

To decide

To inform

To persuade

To entertain

D. Entertaining texts tell stories. This story is about one family's experience moving to a foreign country. See Lesson: Understanding the Author's Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

D. Entertaining texts tell stories. This story is about one family's experience moving to a foreign country. See Lesson: Understanding the Author's Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

24. Which of the following is not a primary source on Betty Friedan?

An interview with Betty Friedan

The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan

A speech Betty Friedan gave during a march

An article about Betty Friedan’s contributions to the women’s movement

D. An article about Betty Friedan’s contributions to the women’s movement would be a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

D. An article about Betty Friedan’s contributions to the women’s movement would be a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

25. Read the following text and then answer the question. Preheat your oven to 350 degrees. Get out all your equipment and ingredients. In a large bowl, combine flour, baking powder, sugar, and salt. Then soften 1 cup of butter. Next add the butter and the eggs to the dry mixture and stir until all the ingredients are mixed. Mix in the chocolate chips. Using a tablespoon, spoon out the batter onto a pre-greased cookie sheet. Bake in the oven for 12 minutes. Allow cookies to cool before serving. Question: What sequence word would best fit at the beginning of this sentence from the text? Allow cookies to cool before serving.

Then

Last

After

Explanation

B. Since this is the final step, you would use the word “last” to indicate it is the final step in the directions. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features

26. What is the most likely purpose of a cookbook full of Mediterranean recipes?

To decide

To inform

To persuade

To entertain

B. Informational texts like cookbooks are usually meant to inform. See Lesson: Understanding the Author's Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

B. Informational texts like cookbooks are usually meant to inform. See Lesson: Understanding the Author's Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

27. Which word functions as a transition in the sentences below? However you celebrate the holidays, it's time to spend with your family. It's also a time to enjoy some good food!

However

Time

Also

Some

C. The transition is the word that links the two ideas: also. The word however here is not a transition word indicating contrast; it's an adverb meaning "in whichever way." See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

Explanation

C. The transition is the word that links the two ideas: also. The word however here is not a transition word indicating contrast; it's an adverb meaning "in whichever way." See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

28. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: The author of Passage 1 supports his/her points primarily by:

Telling humanizing stories.

Relying on facts and logic.

Pointing to expert sources.

Using fear tactics and manipulation.

B. The author of Passage 1 uses primarily facts and logic, although she could strengthen her points by clearly identifying sources or establishing her credentials. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

B. The author of Passage 1 uses primarily facts and logic, although she could strengthen her points by clearly identifying sources or establishing her credentials. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

29. Please read the text below and answer the question. Most people have had the pleasure of tasting a delicious chocolate chip cookie at some point in their lives. But what most folks do not know is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. Ruth Graves Wakefield, owner of the popular Toll House Inn in Whitman, Massachusetts, prepared all the food for her guests. People came from all over to stay at the Toll House Inn and eat her famous Chocolate Butter Drop Do cookies. These chocolate cookies were such a hit that Ruth found herself baking them on a daily basis. One day, when she was preparing the recipe, she realized she had run out of baker's chocolate. She decided to break up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate instead, expecting them to melt and disperse through the cookie dough. To her surprise, when she took the cookies out of the oven, the chocolate morsels retained their shape as "chips" in the cookie, thereby making them the first batch of chocolate chip cookies every baked. Ruth's chocolate chip cookies were so popular that they ended up permanently replacing her chocolate butter drop do cookies. Thanks to this happy accident, people all over the world get to enjoy one of the best desserts ever invented! Question: Which sentence is the topic sentence?

Most people have had the pleasure of tasting a delicious chocolate chip cookie at some point in their lives.

But what most folks do not know is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident.

Ruth’s chocolate chip cookies were so popular that they ended up permanently replacing her chocolate butter drop do cookies.

B. The second sentence of this paragraph expresses the main idea that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. This makes it the topic sentence. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

B. The second sentence of this paragraph expresses the main idea that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. This makes it the topic sentence. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

30. Read the sentences below. Dogs are typically friendly, loyal animals that love people. However some people train their dogs to be vicious fighters, so you should always ask pet owners if it's safe to approach their dog. What is the function of the underlined transition word in sentence two?

To express a contrast

To provide an example

To add emphasis to a point

To indicate time or sequence

A. Transition words like “however” express a contrast between ideas. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words

Explanation

A. Transition words like “however” express a contrast between ideas. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words

31. Please read the text below and answer the question. Most people have had the pleasure of tasting a delicious chocolate chip cookie at some point in their lives. But what most folks do not know is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. Ruth Graves Wakefield, owner of the popular Toll House Inn in Whitman, Massachusetts, prepared all the food for her guests. People came from all over to stay at the Toll House Inn and eat her famous Chocolate Butter Drop Do cookies. These chocolate cookies were such a hit that Ruth found herself baking them on a daily basis. One day, when she was preparing the recipe, she realized she had run out of baker's chocolate. She decided to break up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate instead, expecting them to melt and disperse through the cookie dough. To her surprise, when she took the cookies out of the oven, the chocolate morsels retained their shape as "chips" in the cookie, thereby making them the first batch of chocolate chip cookies every baked. Ruth's chocolate chip cookies were so popular that they ended up permanently replacing her chocolate butter drop do cookies. Thanks to this happy accident, people all over the world get to enjoy one of the best desserts ever invented! Question: In the paragraph above, the chocolate chip cookie is:

The topic.

The main idea.

A supporting detail.

The topic sentence.

A. The topic of a sentence is a word or phrase that describes what the text is about. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

A. The topic of a sentence is a word or phrase that describes what the text is about. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

32. What type of source is an online video presentation on the works of a famous artist?

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

None of the above

B. Secondary sources respond to, analyze, summarize, or comment on primary sources. In this case, the artist’s work is considered the primary source, so the commentary on the artwork would be a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

Explanation

B. Secondary sources respond to, analyze, summarize, or comment on primary sources. In this case, the artist’s work is considered the primary source, so the commentary on the artwork would be a secondary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

33. Read the following paragraphs and answer the question. The idea of getting rid of homework at the elementary school level is debatable, but giving young children a well-needed break after school is undoubtedly beneficial. A study of elementary age children and homework showed that daily homework causes high rates of anxiety and depression in young people. In contrast, schools that have gotten rid of the homework requirement have reported a drop in depression and anxiety among students. According to a nationwide analysis of standardized testing scores, schools that have gotten rid of homework have seen benefits. Test scores have gone up incrementally from year to year. On the contrary, schools that mandate daily homework have seen stagnant test scores. Therefore, it is safe to say that homework does nothing to enhance student learning at all. Consider the following sentence from the passage: On the contrary, schools that mandate daily homework have seen stagnant test scores. Question: Is this statement a fact or an opinion? Why?

An opinion because it focuses on the beliefs of the schools involved.

An opinion because it expresses how the author feels about standardized test scores.

A fact because it shares test score results which is something that can be verified.

A fact because it relies on the schools’ projected test score results.

C. The statement is a fact because it discusses the results of standardized test scores, which can be measured. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

C. The statement is a fact because it discusses the results of standardized test scores, which can be measured. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

34. Please read the text below and answer the question. Most people have had the pleasure of tasting a delicious chocolate chip cookie at some point in their lives. But what most folks do not know is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. Ruth Graves Wakefield, owner of the popular Toll House Inn in Whitman, Massachusetts, prepared all the food for her guests. People came from all over to stay at the Toll House Inn and eat her famous Chocolate Butter Drop Do cookies. These chocolate cookies were such a hit that Ruth found herself baking them on a daily basis. One day, when she was preparing the recipe, she realized she had run out of baker's chocolate. She decided to break up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate instead, expecting them to melt and disperse through the cookie dough. To her surprise, when she took the cookies out of the oven, the chocolate morsels retained their shape as "chips" in the cookie, thereby making them the first batch of chocolate chip cookies every baked. Ruth's chocolate chip cookies were so popular that they ended up permanently replacing her chocolate butter drop do cookies. Thanks to this happy accident, people all over the world get to enjoy one of the best desserts ever invented! Question: Which of the following sentences from the paragraph is a supporting detail of the topic sentence?

These chocolate cookies were such a hit that Ruth found herself baking them on a daily basis.

D. The main idea of this paragraph is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. The detail that directly supports this is the one describing what Ruth Graves Wakefield did when she ran out of baker’s chocolate – she broke up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate expecting them to melt. This is a supporting detail. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

D. The main idea of this paragraph is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. The detail that directly supports this is the one describing what Ruth Graves Wakefield did when she ran out of baker’s chocolate – she broke up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate expecting them to melt. This is a supporting detail. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

35. Read the passage and answer the question. Dear Mr. O'Hara, I am writing to let you know how much of a positive impact you have made on our daughter. Before being in your algebra class, Violet was math phobic. She would shut down when new concepts would not come to her easily. As a result, she did not pass many tests. Despite this past struggle, she has blossomed in your class! Your patience and dedication have made all the difference in the world. Above all, your one-on-one sessions with her have truly helped her in ways you cannot imagine. She is a more confident and capable math student, thanks to you. We cannot thank you enough. Fondly, Bridgette Foster Question: Which transition word or phrase from the passage adds emphasis to the writer's point?

Being

As a result

Despite

Above all

D. The phrase “above all” adds emphasis to the writer’s point that the teacher has made a significant impact on the daughter. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

Explanation

D. The phrase “above all” adds emphasis to the writer’s point that the teacher has made a significant impact on the daughter. See Lesson: Tone, Mood, and Transition Words.

36. Please read the text below and answer the question. Most people have had the pleasure of tasting a delicious chocolate chip cookie at some point in their lives. But what most folks do not know is that chocolate chip cookies were invented by accident. Ruth Graves Wakefield, owner of the popular Toll House Inn in Whitman, Massachusetts, prepared all the food for her guests. People came from all over to stay at the Toll House Inn and eat her famous Chocolate Butter Drop Do cookies. These chocolate cookies were such a hit that Ruth found herself baking them on a daily basis. One day, when she was preparing the recipe, she realized she had run out of baker's chocolate. She decided to break up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate instead, expecting them to melt and disperse through the cookie dough. To her surprise, when she took the cookies out of the oven, the chocolate morsels retained their shape as "chips" in the cookie, thereby making them the first batch of chocolate chip cookies every baked. Ruth's chocolate chip cookies were so popular that they ended up permanently replacing her chocolate butter drop do cookies. Thanks to this happy accident, people all over the world get to enjoy one of the best desserts ever invented! Question: Which sentence would best function as a supporting detail in this paragraph?

The Nestle Company now owns the rights to Ruth Graves Wakefield’s chocolate chip cookie recipe.

Ruth Graves Wakefield tasted the cookies with the chocolate morsels in them and realized immediately how delicious they were.

Today people buy pre-packaged chocolate chips instead of breaking off pieces of chocolate from a Nestle bar.

Ruth Graves Wakefield sold her recipe in exchange for a lifetime of free chocolate.

B. All of the above sentences relate to the topic of chocolate chip cookies, but only the sentence about Ruth Graves Wakefield realizing how delicious they were relates directly to the main idea that the chocolate chip cookie was invented by accident. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

B. All of the above sentences relate to the topic of chocolate chip cookies, but only the sentence about Ruth Graves Wakefield realizing how delicious they were relates directly to the main idea that the chocolate chip cookie was invented by accident. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

37. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: With which statement would the author of Passage 1 most likely agree with?

Things are not always what they seem.

The best things in life come in small packages.

If you try hard enough, you can achieve anything.

Working together accomplishes more than working alone.

A. Passage 1 says, “Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures.” This suggests that termites are misunderstood and things are not always what they seem. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

A. Passage 1 says, “Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures.” This suggests that termites are misunderstood and things are not always what they seem. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

38. Please read the text below and answer the question. In the past 10-15 years, koalas have been repeatedly harmed or killed in traffic accidents. When the animals cross busy roads, highways, and intersections to get to their food source, the eucalyptus tree, many of them meet a terrible fate. Australian developers have been taking over koala habitats to keep up with the country's booming population. This has resulted in the endangerment of the country's most beloved animal. Concerned individuals have taken action by creating koala "pathways," routes traveling over roads, highways, and intersections to ensure koalas keep safe. In addition, koala hospitals have been established in these areas to rehabilitate the injured animals. Question: Which of the following sentences would best function as a topic sentence to unite the information above?

Over 4,000 koalas are hurt or injured each year by automobiles.

Koalas spend most of their time in trees but need to occasionally travel across roads to move around.

Human encroachment on natural habitats has negatively impacted the koala population.

Australia’s building development projects have tripled over the past decade.

C. The best topic sentence to unite the above information would be the one about human encroachment negatively impacting the koala population. The others would be additional supporting details. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

C. The best topic sentence to unite the above information would be the one about human encroachment negatively impacting the koala population. The others would be additional supporting details. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

39. Read the following text and its summary and answer the question. Text: In the late 1800s, life was terrible for some children. The Industrial Revolution was in full effect and factories sprang up in urban areas all over the country. Many innocent children left the comforts of home for the big cities to make money for their families. Children as young as 6 were forced to work long hours with dangerous equipment for little pay. A lot of children grew ill or even died on the job. Factory owners justified this abominable treatment by claiming they fed, clothed, and provided shelter for these children. Summary: The author argues that children led awful lives during the Industrial Revolution due to long work hours, dangerous equipment, and little pay. Factory owners justified this treatment even though children were becoming ill or dying. Question: Is this summary effective or not? Why or why not?

The summary is effective because it captures the emotional component of the text.

The summary is effective because it restates the key points in a new way.

The summary is ineffective because it makes its own claims and judgments.

The summary is ineffective because it is structurally the same as the original.

B. This summary is effective because it restates only the key points and it does it using new words. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

B. This summary is effective because it restates only the key points and it does it using new words. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

40. Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

An encyclopedia

A biography

A guidebook

An interview

D. Primary sources are written by people who witnessed the original creation or discovery of the information they present. An interview would be an example of a primary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

Explanation

D. Primary sources are written by people who witnessed the original creation or discovery of the information they present. An interview would be an example of a primary source. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions

41. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: What is the primary purpose of Passage 2?

To inform

To distract

To persuade

To entertain

D. Passage 2 tells a story, which is meant to entertain. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

D. Passage 2 tells a story, which is meant to entertain. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

42. Which source would provide the least credible information to a researcher interested in studying changes in parenting techniques over the past forty years?

An op ed piece in today’s newspaper on the hardships of being a parent of an adolescent

A currently published interview with a pediatrician on the benefits of positive discipline

A book published in 1985 about best practices in raising your child

A recent article in Parenting Magazine about parenting in the 1980s vs. today

A. Readers must use judgment to determine how credible a source is in a particular circumstance. An op ed piece in a newspaper would be biased since it expresses the opinion of the author. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

A. Readers must use judgment to determine how credible a source is in a particular circumstance. An op ed piece in a newspaper would be biased since it expresses the opinion of the author. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources, Making Inferences, and Drawing Conclusions.

43. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most children under the age of 18 are very overweight. Statistics show that 1 in 3 children have been diagnosed as obese. This is way too much. There is no reason for so many children to be obese. Children must eat a balanced diet devoid of processed foods, get at least one hour of exercise every day, and make sure to sleep for 9-10 hours or suffer a life full of health problems. It is concerning to see so many unhealthy young people in our country. Children should be active and engaged instead of sedentary and apathetic. Re-read the following sentence from the passage: Most children under the age of 18 are very overweight. Question: This sentence is an opinion because it:

Reflects a belief, not a verifiable fact.

Does not say how much “very” is.

Restricts its statement to children under 18.

Lumps all people under 18 into one category.

A. The phrase “very overweight” in this sentence reflects a judgment that is subject to interpretation. This indicates that the sentence reflects a belief rather than a fact. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

A. The phrase “very overweight” in this sentence reflects a judgment that is subject to interpretation. This indicates that the sentence reflects a belief rather than a fact. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

44. Read the following text and its summary and answer the question. Text: In the late 1800s, life was terrible for some children. The Industrial Revolution was in full effect and factories sprang up in urban areas all over the country. Many innocent children left the comforts of home for the big cities to make money for their families. Children as young as 6 were forced to work long hours with dangerous equipment for little pay. A lot of children grew ill or even died on the job. Factory owners justified this abominable treatment by claiming they fed, clothed, and provided shelter for these children. Summary: The author argues that children led awful lives during the Industrial Revolution due to long work hours, dangerous equipment, and little pay. Factory owners justified this treatment even though children were becoming ill or dying. Question: If the first line of the summary were replaced, which of the following lines would make the summary ineffective?

The author claims that in the late 1800s, life was terrible for some children.

The author states that during the Industrial Revolution, children faced many hardships.

The author claims that life was difficult for children during the Industrial Revolution.

The author states that children who worked during the Industrial Revolution had it tough.

A. An ineffective summary would copy the original text word for word and only change one or two words. The first sentence is almost exactly like the first sentence of the original text, so this would be structurally plagiarized. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

A. An ineffective summary would copy the original text word for word and only change one or two words. The first sentence is almost exactly like the first sentence of the original text, so this would be structurally plagiarized. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

45. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most children under the age of 18 are very overweight. Statistics show that 1 in 3 children have been diagnosed as obese. This is way too much. There is no reason for so many children to be obese. Children must eat a balanced diet devoid of processed foods, get at least one hour of exercise every day, and make sure to sleep for 9-10 hours or suffer a life full of health problems. It is concerning to see so many unhealthy young people in our country. Children should be active and engaged instead of sedentary and apathetic. Re-read the following sentence from the passage: There is no reason for so many children to be obese. Question: The reasoning in this sentence is faulty because it:

Suggests that this is an issue that needs attention.

Claims that there are many ways to solve this problem.

Restates the argument in different words instead of providing evidence.

Assumes that children are overweight based on their own choices.

C. The sentence in question is an example of circular reasoning. That is, it restates the argument in different words instead of providing evidence to back it up. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

Explanation

C. The sentence in question is an example of circular reasoning. That is, it restates the argument in different words instead of providing evidence to back it up. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

46. Read the following passage and answer the question. Most children under the age of 18 are very overweight. Statistics show that 1 in 3 children have been diagnosed as obese. This is way too much. There is no reason for so many children to be obese. Children must eat a balanced diet devoid of processed foods, get at least one hour of exercise every day, and make sure to sleep for 9-10 hours or suffer a life full of health problems. It is concerning to see so many unhealthy young people in our country. Children should be active and engaged instead of sedentary and apathetic. Re-read the following sentence from the passage: Children must eat a balanced diet devoid of processed foods, get at least one hour of exercise every day, and make sure to sleep for 9-10 hours or suffer a life full of health problems. Question: What type of faulty reasoning does this sentence display?

Either/or fallacy

Circular reasoning

Bandwagon argument

False statement of cause and effect

A. This statement takes a complex issue and presents it as if only two possible options are in play. This is an either/or fallacy. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

Explanation

A. This statement takes a complex issue and presents it as if only two possible options are in play. This is an either/or fallacy. See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument

47. Read the passages below and answer the question. Many people find termites to be destructive little pests, but they are actually ingenious little creatures. If you were to look at a termite mound, you would see first hand how incredible these insects are. These masters of construction work together to erect high-functioning, green-energy skyscrapers out of nothing but soil, saliva, and dung. The largest one documented is in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This mound, measuring 12.8 meters (41.9 feet) tall, has heat regulation and air conditioning systems. It also contains numerous chambers for food storage, gardens, and babies. And just think: a termite is only .6 cm long, yet it is still capable of building a sophisticated structure that's 2,013 times its size! * As we hiked along the dusty trail deep within the Congo, our tour guide suddenly stopped and held up his hand. Panic rose inside me, as I expected to see a ghastly hyena or other vicious predator in our midst. But he slowly pointed toward a large mound off the side of the path. What on earth? It rose high above us, a tall, sandy structure, its arms outstretched to the sky. "This," he began in a whisper so as not to disturb its inhabitants, "is a termite mound. Inside are thousands of termites. These tiny little insects have worked together to build this massive structure. And not only is it ventilated to keep them cool, but there are tons of little rooms or chambers inside for different purposes." WHOA. A termite mound? How on earth did those pesky little bugs do that? Question: What is the purpose of the first paragraph of Passage 1?

To inform

To distract

To persuade

To entertain

C. Passage 1 is intended to persuade readers that termites are amazing insects. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

C. Passage 1 is intended to persuade readers that termites are amazing insects. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

HESI A2 Workbook ELA: Reading Exam 1

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Which word functions as a transition in the sentence below? Cassandra loved reading and writing books as a child. Thus she became an English teacher in her adult life.

9. Study the infographic below and answer the question. Resource: The Food and Drug Administration Question: Which of the following is a sign that the infographic is credible?

11. Study the infographic below and answer the question. Resource: The Food and Drug Administration Question: What could a skeptical reader do to verify the facts on the infographic?

12. What is the most likely purpose of an article explaining why Eastern medicine is better than Western medicine?

15. An art major finds a video presentation of a group of people commenting on the works of a famous artist she has been studying. She is deciding if it is a credible source. Which detail about the video, if true, would not give her reason to trust the video?

18. Which graphic would best support a paragraph explaining the percentage breakdowns of how a charity organization plans to spend a large donation?

19. An author's purpose is the:

22. Which graphic would best support a paragraph about the different parts of a car engine and their functions?

23. What is the most likely purpose of a realistic fiction book about one family's experience living in a foreign country?

24. Which of the following is not a primary source on Betty Friedan?

26. What is the most likely purpose of a cookbook full of Mediterranean recipes?

27. Which word functions as a transition in the sentences below? However you celebrate the holidays, it's time to spend with your family. It's also a time to enjoy some good food!

30. Read the sentences below. Dogs are typically friendly, loyal animals that love people. However some people train their dogs to be vicious fighters, so you should always ask pet owners if it's safe to approach their dog. What is the function of the underlined transition word in sentence two?

32. What type of source is an online video presentation on the works of a famous artist?

40. Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

42. Which source would provide the least credible information to a researcher interested in studying changes in parenting techniques over the past forty years?