Health Test 1 - Fractures And Amputations

Explanation
Open and closed are the two different types of fractures. An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, occurs when the broken bone pierces through the skin, exposing it to the external environment. On the other hand, a closed fracture, also known as a simple fracture, does not break the skin. These two types of fractures are important to distinguish as they have different treatment approaches and potential complications.

Explanation
A closed (simple) fracture is a break in the bone that does not penetrate the skin. It is a fracture where the bone is broken but the skin remains intact. This is in contrast to an open fracture, where the broken bone protrudes through the skin. Therefore, the statement that a closed fracture is a break in the skin or a crushed bone is incorrect.

Explanation
An open fracture is a type of fracture where the broken bone is exposed through the skin. It is also commonly referred to as a compound fracture. This is because the bone breaks through the skin, creating an open wound. The term "open fracture" accurately describes the condition, as it indicates that the fracture is open to the outside environment. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Explanation
The signs and symptoms of a fracture include a bent or out of position limb, pain, bruising and color changes of the area, swelling, limited movement, and bleeding. Itching, nausea and vomiting, and odor are not typically associated with fractures.

Explanation
The correct answer is traumatic and surgical. Amputations can occur due to either trauma or as a result of a surgical procedure. Traumatic amputations are usually caused by accidents or injuries, such as car accidents or industrial accidents, where a body part is forcefully severed. Surgical amputations, on the other hand, are planned procedures performed by a surgeon to remove a diseased or injured body part, such as in cases of cancer or severe infection.

Explanation
A fractured hip can cause the leg to appear shorter due to the displacement of the broken bone. Additionally, the outward rotation of the leg can occur as a result of the fracture. These signs are commonly observed in individuals with a fractured hip and can help in diagnosing the condition. Therefore, the statement "Two signs of a fractured hip are a shortened and outward rotations of the leg" is true.

Explanation
Post-operative problems of hip fractures can include pneumonia, urinary tract infections, blood clots (thrombi) in leg veins, pressure ulcers, constipation, and confusion. These issues can arise due to the immobility and decreased activity levels following surgery, as well as the use of medications and anesthesia. Pneumonia can occur due to shallow breathing or lung infections, urinary tract infections can result from catheter use, blood clots can form due to decreased mobility, pressure ulcers can develop from prolonged bed rest, constipation can arise from pain medications, and confusion can be a side effect of anesthesia or medication.

Explanation
The signs and symptoms to report when dealing with a cast include pain, swelling, numbness, pale skin or cyanosis (blue skin), temperature changes on the skin, chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, and odour or drainage. These symptoms may indicate complications such as infection, poor blood circulation, or pressure on nerves. It is important to report these signs to a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent further complications.