From Present To Past

The given correct answer is "gegangen". In this sentence, the verb "gehen" (to go) is used in the perfect tense, which requires the auxiliary verb "sein" (to be) and the past participle "gegangen" (gone). Therefore, the correct form is "Er ist zur Toilette gegangen" (He has gone to the toilet).

The correct answer is "gespielt" because the given sentence is in the present tense, indicating that the boys play soccer during their lunch break. To form the perfect tense, the auxiliary verb "haben" is used in combination with the past participle of the main verb, which in this case is "gespielt." This construction indicates that the boys have played soccer during their lunch break.

The correct answer is "gegessen" because it is the past participle form of the verb "essen" (to eat) in German. The perfect tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb "haben" (to have) and the past participle of the main verb. In this case, "hat" is the conjugated form of "haben" for the third person singular (das Kind) and "gegessen" is the past participle of "essen". Therefore, the correct sentence in the perfect tense is "Das Kind hat das Ei gegessen" which translates to "The child has eaten the egg."

The given sentence states that "Sie sagt nichts" which means "She says nothing" in English. The correct answer is "gesagt" which is the past participle of the verb "sagen" meaning "to say". Therefore, in the perfect tense, the sentence would be "Sie hat nichts gesagt" which translates to "She has said nothing".

The correct answer is "gelesen" because it is the past participle form of the verb "lesen" (to read) in German. The perfect tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb "haben" (to have) in the present tense followed by the past participle of the main verb. In this case, "hat" is the present tense form of "haben" and "gelesen" is the past participle of "lesen". Therefore, the correct sentence in the perfect tense is "Sie hat das Buch gelesen" which means "She has read the book."

Many common English verbs with an irregular past participle are also irregular in German. The verb "to sleep" is an example; we say "slept" (not sleeped). Common verbs such as "to come", "to go", "to speak" and "to take" are irregular in both languages. So if a verb is irregular in English, be suspicious that it might be irregular in German. In German the past participles for the four verbs I have just mentioned are respectively "gekommen", "gegangen", "gesprochen" and "genommen".

The correct answer is "geschlafen" because it is the past participle form of the verb "schlafen" (to sleep) in the perfect tense. In German, the perfect tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb "haben" (to have) and the past participle of the main verb. Therefore, "Das kleine Kind hat auf dem Sofa geschlafen" translates to "The little child has slept on the sofa" in English.

The given question is asking for the correct form of the verb "duschen" in the perfect tense, which requires the auxiliary verb "haben" and the past participle of the main verb. In this case, the subject "das Mädchen" is feminine singular, so the correct form of the auxiliary verb is "hat". The past participle of "duschen" is "geduscht". Therefore, the correct answer is "geduscht", which means "showered" in English.

Don't forget that "schreiben" has an irregular past participle. This means that the vowel sound changes, in this case to "geschrieben".

The correct answer is "geholt" because it is the past participle form of the verb "holen" (to fetch). In the perfect tense, we use the auxiliary verb "haben" (to have) conjugated in the present tense and add the past participle of the main verb. Therefore, "Ich habe meine Bücher aus meinem Schließfach geholt" translates to "I have fetched my books from my locker."

The correct answer is "geklingelt" because it is the past participle form of the verb "klingeln" (to ring). In the given sentence, the present tense "klingelt" is negated by "nicht" (not), indicating that the alarm clock is not ringing. To form the perfect tense in German, we use the auxiliary verb "haben" (to have) in the present tense, followed by the past participle of the main verb. Therefore, "geklingelt" is the correct past participle form of "klingeln" to complete the sentence in the perfect tense, indicating that the alarm clock has not rung.

Option A has the correct word order (with the conjugated verb second) and also the correct past participle. Once again, this is a common verb that is irregular in English ("spoken"), often a sign that it is likely to be irregular in German. Therefore "gesprochen" is the correct choice.

Option A is wrong because with verbs of movement like "gehen" and "kommen", one must use "sein" as the auxiliary verb. Therefore one must say, "ich bin gekommen", "ich bin gegangen" or "wir sind gekommen".
Option C is incorrect because "kommen" has an irregular past participle: "gekommen".

The correct answer is "gewesen" because the perfect tense in German is formed by using the auxiliary verb "sein" (to be) and the past participle of the main verb. In this case, the main verb is "beschäftigt" (busy) and the past participle is "gewesen" (been). Therefore, the correct sentence in the perfect tense is "Ich bin heute sehr beschäftigt gewesen" which translates to "I have been very busy today."

Option A is incorrect because with the verb "to go" the auxiliary verb is always sein. Option B is wrong because it doesn't make sense; the meanings don't fit.

Option A is wrong because after "Gestern" the conjugated verb, "habe", must come next.
Option C is wrong because the past participle for "spülen" is regular; that is, you add "ge" to the beginning of the verb stem and "t" to the end.

Option A is incorrect because all of these verbs require "haben" as their auxiliary. Option B is incorrect because the "ge" prefix must be inserted between the two parts of a separable verb in the perfect tense.

Option A must be ruled out because with the verb "to stay", which refers to a state of being (like the verb to be), one must use the auxiliary "sein".
Option 2 is incorrect because the three verbs "kommen", "bleiben" and "gehen" all use the auxiliary "sein" in the perfect tense.

Option A is incorrect because "die Schüler" is plural and requires "haben".
Option B is incorrect because after "Gestern" the conjugated verb, in this case "haben", must come second in the sentence.

Since the verb "to fall asleep" denotes a change of state, you have to use "sein" as the auxiliary verb. Remember that you tuck the "ge" prefix between the two parts of separable verbs in the perfect tense.