Final Exam Review
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Prepare for the final exam in A&P 1.
- 1.What is the anatomical term for "towards the front or belly side" of the body?
- A.
Posterior
- B.
Anterior
- C.
Ventral
- D.
Dorsal
- 2.What anatomical term describes "towards the back"?
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Superior
- C.
Distal
- D.
Posterior
- 3.What is "toward the midline"?
- A.
Proximal
- B.
Distal
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Medial
- 4.What term describes "away from the midline"?
- A.
Lateral
- B.
Proximal
- C.
Inferior
- D.
Distal
- 5.What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?
- A.
Polysaccharides
- B.
Disaccharides
- C.
Monosaccharides
- D.
Lipid
- 6.Atoms--->molecules--->macromolecules---> ________?
- A.
Organelle
- B.
Axon
- C.
Neuron
- D.
Organ system
- 7.The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined with which membrane?
- A.
Parietal pericardium
- B.
Visceral peritoneum
- C.
Parietal peritoneum
- D.
Visceral pleura
- 8.Which is an example of homeostasis?
- A.
Sweating
- B.
Shivering
- C.
Increased heart rate
- D.
All of the above
- 9.What kind of plane separates the superior from the inferior? Anterior from posterior?
- A.
Saggittal/Transverse
- B.
Frontal/Transverse
- C.
Transverse/Frontal
- D.
Coronal/Sagittal
- 10.What kind of bond is formed when electrons are shared between two atoms?
- A.
Peptide bond
- B.
Covalent bond
- C.
Ionic bond
- D.
Polypeptide bond
- 11.Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are called ______?
- A.
Atom
- B.
Molecule
- C.
Micromolecule
- D.
Valence electrons
- 12.What monomers make up proteins?
- A.
Amino acids
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Glycogen
- D.
Carbohydrates
- 13.What is an isotope?
- A.
Atoms that have the same atomic numbers and atomic weight
- B.
Atoms that have the different atomic numbers but the same weight
- C.
Atoms that have the same atomic numbers but different atomic weight
- D.
None of these
- 14.Which of the four organic compounds provides much of the structure and function of the body? Examples include keratin and hemoglobin
- A.
Carbohydrates
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Saturated fats
- D.
Protein
- 15.What ion makes things more acidic?
- A.
Buffers
- B.
Acids
- C.
Bases
- D.
Simple diffusion
- 16.Which is an example of simple diffusion?
- A.
Sugar cube in H2o
- B.
Air freshener in a room
- C.
Sugar cube in H2o and air freshener in a room
- D.
All of the above
- 17.Which solution has more solute than solution; cell shrinks?
- A.
Isotonic
- B.
Osmotic
- C.
Hypotonic
- D.
Hypertonic
- 18.Which solution does not have a lot of solute; cell swells/bursts?
- A.
Hypertonic
- B.
Hypotonic
- C.
Isotonic
- D.
Osmotic
- 19.Which solution does the cell stay the same and has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids ?
- A.
Isotonic
- B.
Osmotic
- C.
Hypertonic
- D.
Hypotonic
- 20.What do ribosomes do?
- A.
Function in protein synthesis
- B.
Function in membrane transport
- C.
Act as carrier proteins
- D.
None of these
- 21.What is the bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane by vesicle formation called?
- A.
Exocytosis
- B.
Anerobic respiration
- C.
Aerobic respiration
- D.
Endocytosis
- 22.What is active transport? What does it require?
- A.
The loss of electrons from a substance; no energy is needed
- B.
The addition of electrons to a substance; energy
- C.
Molecules that move from low to high concentration; carrier proteins and eneergy
- D.
None of these
- 23.Saturated fats have _________ kind of bond between carbon atoms.
- 24.Unsaturated fats have what kind of bond?
- 25.Transcribe the DNA to mRNA: ATTGCAAT
- A.
TCCGUUA
- B.
UAACGUUA
- C.
AAUGTTCU
- D.
GGUATTCC
- 26.Plasma membrane phospholipids have _________ heads and ___________ tails.
- 27.DNA replication is semiconservative with one ________ and one _________ strand.
- 28.Cytoplasm is found ________.
- 29.The process that forms two daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the parent cells is ________.
- 30.What is the primary structure of a protein?
- 31.What type of muscle is striated and voluntary?
- A.
Smooth
- B.
Skeletal
- C.
Nervous tissue
- D.
Cardiac
- 32.What type of muscle is striated and involuntary?
- A.
Cartilage
- B.
Smooth
- C.
Cardiac
- D.
None of these
- 33.What type of muscle is non-striated and involuntary?
- A.
Smooth
- B.
Skeletal
- C.
Cardiac
- D.
Hyaline cartilage
- 34.The way we classify epithelial tissue depends on ______
- A.
The shape of cells
- B.
The number of layers
- C.
Both A & B
- D.
None of these
- 35.Cartilage heals slowly because it is ________, (has no blood supply)
- 36.Where is reticular CT found?
- A.
In skeletal muscle
- B.
Bone
- C.
Blood
- D.
Basement membranes and lymphatic organs such as the thymus and spleen
- 37.Which tissue has a fluid matrix?
- A.
Epithelial
- B.
Connective
- C.
Blood
- D.
Bone
- 38.What are the basic units of bone called?
- A.
Caniliculi
- B.
Osteocytes
- C.
Lamella
- D.
None of these
- 39.What kind of tissue makes up tendons and ligaments?
- A.
Collagen
- B.
Dense regular CT
- C.
Dense irregular CT
- D.
Adipose
- 40.The skin is a part of the ________ system
- A.
Respiratory
- B.
Secretory
- C.
Integumentary
- D.
Execretory
- 41.What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
- A.
Dermis
- B.
Epidermis
- C.
Stratum corneum
- D.
None of these
- 42.What happens to skin as you age?
- A.
Collagen increases
- B.
Skin thickens and hardens
- C.
Skin looses it's elasticity, wrinkles, and sags
- D.
None of these
- 43.What kind of muscle moves food through the digestive tract?
- A.
Adipose
- B.
Skeletal
- C.
Striated
- D.
Smooth
- 44.What type of tissue acts as an insulator and a site of energy storage?
- A.
Dense regular CT
- B.
Epithelial CT
- C.
Areolar CT
- D.
Adipose
- 45.What kind of cells produce cartilage matrix?
- A.
Osteocytes
- B.
Chondrocytes
- C.
Lamella
- D.
Chondroblasts
- 46.What is ear wax called?
- A.
Sebacious
- B.
Merocrine
- C.
Ceruminous
- D.
Endocrine
- 47.What makes up the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue of the skin?
- A.
Adipose & blood vessels
- B.
Blood
- C.
Dense CT
- D.
None of these
- 48.Which muscles contract to form "goose bumps"?
- A.
Skeletal
- B.
Cilia
- C.
Microvilli
- D.
Arrector pili
- 49.What kind of sweat glands cause body odor?
- A.
Merocrine
- B.
Sebacious
- C.
A & B
- D.
Apocrine
- 50.What makes up the capillary walls?
- A.
Skin
- B.
Simple cuboidal ET
- C.
Simple squamous ET
- D.
Stratum lucidum
- 51.Which sensation do Pacinian corpuscles detect?
- A.
Taste
- B.
Smell
- C.
Sight
- D.
Deep pressure
- 52.What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
- A.
Stratum lucidum
- B.
Stratum basale
- C.
Stratum corneum
- D.
None of these
- 53.If a burn has pain and blisters, it is what kind of burn?
- A.
1st degree
- B.
2nd degree
- C.
3rd degree
- D.
None of these
- 54.What is the purpose of the fingernails?
- A.
For scratching
- B.
Protection of the digits
- C.
A & B
- D.
None of these
- 55.The shaft of the bone is called its __________
- 56.The cheek bone is also called the _________ bone.
- 57.The front tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula is called _________?
- 58.What is your lateral forearm bone called?
- 59.What lines the medullary cavity?
- 60.Where is the sagittal suture found?
- A.
Between the frontal and occipital bones
- B.
Between the spenoid and temporal bones
- C.
Between the two parietal bones
- D.
None of these
- 61.The upper jaw is also known as_______.
- A.
Mandible
- B.
Maxilla
- C.
Hyoid
- D.
NONE OF THESE
- 62.What does the endomyseum surround?
- A.
Neurons
- B.
Axons
- C.
Muscle fibers
- D.
None of these
- 63.What ion does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store?
- A.
Acetocholine
- B.
ATP
- C.
Sodium
- D.
Calcium
- 64.What kind of join restricts movement to rotation only?
- A.
Pivot
- B.
Synovial
- C.
Sesamoid
- D.
None of these
- 65.A synchondrosis contains __________ cartilage.
- A.
Embryonic
- B.
Elastic
- C.
Hyaline
- D.
None of these
- 66.What type of joints unite 2 bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage?
- A.
Ribs
- B.
Joint between the first rib and manubrium and the epiphyseal plate
- C.
A & B
- D.
None of these
- 67.T Tubules are invaginations of the cell membrane of a muscle known as its __________.
- A.
Sarcoplasm
- B.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- C.
Sarcolemma
- D.
None of these
- 68.The tooth in it's bony socket is called _____?
- A.
Amphiarthrotic
- B.
Synchondrosis
- C.
Symphasis
- D.
Gomphosis
- 69.Cushions and aids in the movement of tendons that glide over bony parts or over other tendons.
- A.
Menisci
- B.
Bursa
- C.
Bursitis
- D.
B & C
- 70.From one Z line to the next is termed a ____________.
- A.
Sarcomere
- B.
Actin
- C.
Myosin
- D.
B & C
- 71.What kind of myofilaments are found in myofibrils?
- 72.What is the opposite of plantar flexion?
- 73.What are the muscles that make up the hamstrings?
- 74.What muscles make up the quadriceps?
- 75.What type of joints are enclosed by a joint capsule?
- 76.Which myofilament has active sites for the cross bridge formations?
- 77.What type of joint is your elbow?
- A.
Ball and socket
- B.
Synovial
- C.
Hinge
- D.
None of these
- 78.Standing on your toes is an example of what kind of movement?
- A.
Plantar flexion
- B.
Dorsiflexion
- C.
Flexion
- D.
None of these
- 79.What kind of tissue surrounds a fascicle?
- A.
Perimysium
- B.
Endomysium
- C.
Epimysium
- D.
None of these
- 80.Your calf muscle is used when walking on your tiptoes. What is the calf muscle called?
- A.
Deltoid
- B.
Trapezius
- C.
Buccinator
- D.
Gastrocnemius
- 81.What does myoglobin do in muscle tissue?
- 82.Raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished by which muscle?
- A.
Trapezius
- B.
Zygomaticus
- C.
Deltoid
- D.
Masseter
- 83.What would happen if you didn't have acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft?
- A.
Your body would shut down
- B.
Muscles cannot recieve signal to contract
- C.
You would develop MS
- D.
None of these
- 84.Membrane packets of chromatophilic substance are called ___________.
- 85.Neuroglia that support neurons and phagocize are called _________.
- 86.What kind of neurons have many dendrites and only one axon?
- 87.Neurons that have a single axon and a single dendrite are called ________.
- 88.Which division of the ANS is in control during fight or flight?
- A.
PNS
- B.
CNS
- C.
ANS
- D.
PBS
- 89.Neuroglia produce ________ and communicate between cells and maintain the ionic environment.
- 90.What type of axons transmit action potentials more quickly?
- A.
Unmyelinated
- B.
Keratinized
- C.
Mylelinated
- D.
A & C
- 91.The central sulcus separates the __________ and the _________ lobes.
- 92.What is a synapse?
- 93.Where are the sensory cells for hearing located?
- 94.What is the band of fibers called that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
- A.
Lobes
- B.
Vermis
- C.
Reticular CT
- D.
None of these
- 95.When does the sympathetic nervous system take over?
- A.
During excitability
- B.
During contractibility
- C.
During stress
- D.
All of the above
- 96.What happens if cerebrospinal fluid does not drain properly?
- A.
Excess pressure on the brain occurs: hydrocephalus
- B.
Excess pressure on the spinal cord
- C.
Excess pressure on the cranial nerves
- D.
All of the above
- 97.What is the outer connective tissue that wraps around nerves called?
- A.
Endomysium
- B.
Neuromysium
- C.
Myelin sheath
- D.
Outer shell
- 98.As the nervous system ages, what happens to your reflexes?
- A.
Poor eyesight develops
- B.
Memory fades & nerve impulses slow
- C.
You are more prone to falling and sleep deminishes
- D.
All of the above
- 99.Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing?
- A.
Vestibularcochlear branch
- B.
Vestibular branch
- C.
Cochlear branch
- D.
None of these
- 100.What does epineurium surround?
- A.
Cranial nerves
- B.
CNS
- C.
ANS
- D.
Peripheal nerves
- 101.What do free nerve endings respond to?
- A.
Loud noises
- B.
Itching
- C.
Deep pressure
- D.
None of these
- 102.What part of the eye focuses light onto the retina?
- A.
Iris
- B.
Sclera
- C.
Retina
- D.
Cornea
- 103.What is the outermost tunic of the eye called?
- A.
Lens
- B.
Anterior portion
- C.
Sclera
- D.
None of these
- 104.
- 105.What type of neuron transmits information from the CNS to a muscle?
- A.
Photoreceptors
- B.
Sensory receptors
- C.
Proprioreceptors
- D.
None of these
- 106.__________ provide sharp images.
- A.
Rods
- B.
Rhodospins
- C.
Cones
- D.
None of these
- 107.What part of the ear provides a sense of equilibrium?
- A.
Semicurcular canals
- B.
Malleus
- C.
Incus
- D.
Stapes
- 108.What is another name for the blind spot? ( where there are no photoreceptor cells)
- A.
Optic nerve
- B.
Vestibule nerve
- C.
Cochlear nerve
- D.
Vestibularcochlear nerve
- 109.What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye?
- A.
Pupil
- B.
Optic disc
- C.
Lens
- D.
Iris
- 110.What are the 3 colors that cones are sensitive to?
- A.
Yellow, orange, green
- B.
Green, blue, yellow
- C.
Red, green, orange
- D.
Red, blue, and green
- 111.The path of sound through the ear is Auricle, external acoustic medius, __________, malleus, __________, stapes, oval window, __________, _________, & __________
- A.
Tympanic membrane, incus, perilymph of scala vestibule, endolymph of cochlear duct, and hair cells in organ of corti
- B.
Tympanic membrane, endolymph of cochlear duct, perilymph of scala vestibule, and hair cells in organ of corti, incus
- C.
Tympanic membrane, incus, endolymph of cochlear duct, perilymph of scala vestibule, and hair cells in organ of corti
- D.
None of these
- 112.The path of light through the eye is _________, __________, lens, vitreous humor, and ________.
- A.
Aqueous humor, cornea, photoreceptors of the retina
- B.
Cornea, aqueous humor, photoreceptors of the retina
- C.
Photoreceptors of the retina, cornea, aqueous humor
- D.
Aqueous humor, photoreceptors of the retina, cornea
- 113.What part of the eye contains the vitreous humor?
- A.
Between the optic disc and retina
- B.
Sclera
- C.
Area between the lens and retina
- D.
None of these
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