Extra Credit Chapter 11 Waves

The highest point of a transverse wave is called the crest. This is the point where the displacement of the wave is at its maximum, creating a peak in the wave pattern. The crest represents the highest point of the wave's oscillation and is an important characteristic of transverse waves.

The lowest point of a transverse wave is called the trough. In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave. The trough is the point where the particles are at their lowest displacement from their equilibrium position. It is the opposite of the crest, which is the highest point of the wave. The amplitude, on the other hand, refers to the maximum displacement of the particles from their equilibrium position and is not related to the lowest point of the wave.

Diffraction is a phenomenon that occurs when a wave encounters an obstacle or passes through an opening, causing it to change direction and bend around the obstacle or spread out after passing through the opening. This can be observed with various types of waves, such as light waves, sound waves, or water waves. Therefore, the statement that diffraction occurs when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it is true.

Seismic waves are the type of waves that usually form earthquakes. These waves are generated by the release of energy from the Earth's crust during an earthquake. They travel through the Earth and cause the ground to shake. Seismic waves can be classified into two main types: body waves and surface waves. Body waves include P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves), which travel through the Earth's interior. Surface waves, on the other hand, travel along the Earth's surface and are responsible for most of the damage during an earthquake. Therefore, seismic waves are the correct answer to the question.

Rarefaction is the correct answer because in a compressional wave, rarefaction refers to the region where the particles are spread out and the density is the lowest. In this region, the particles are farthest apart and have the least amount of compression. This is in contrast to the other options: amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of particles, interference refers to the interaction of two or more waves, and arefriction is not a valid term in the context of compressional waves.

The correct answer is "compressional wave". In a compressional wave, the matter in the medium moves back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels. This type of wave is characterized by areas of compression and rarefaction, where the particles are pushed together and spread apart respectively.

The given definition describes the movement of matter in the medium perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. This characteristic is specific to transverse waves, where the particles vibrate up and down or side to side. Compressional waves, also known as longitudinal waves, have particles that move parallel to the direction of wave travel. Seismic waves refer to the waves that occur during an earthquake. Brittany Spears is not related to wave types.

Frequency refers to the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second. It is a measure of how often a wave oscillates or repeats its pattern in a given time period. In other words, it represents the rate at which the wave is vibrating or oscillating. The higher the frequency, the more waves pass a fixed point in a given time, while a lower frequency means fewer waves passing the same point. Therefore, frequency is the correct answer in this context.

In constructive interference, the waves add together to create a larger amplitude. This occurs when the peaks of one wave align with the peaks of another wave, or when the troughs align with the troughs. As a result, the waves reinforce each other and create a stronger wave. This can be observed in various phenomena, such as when two sound waves combine to produce a louder sound or when two water waves combine to create a larger wave.

A wave is indeed a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space. It can be observed in various forms such as sound waves, light waves, and water waves. These waves carry energy from one place to another without causing any actual displacement of matter.

The wave speed can be calculated by multiplying the wavelength and the frequency of the wave. This is because the wavelength represents the distance between two consecutive points on the wave, while the frequency represents the number of complete waves passing a point in a given time. Multiplying these two values gives the distance covered by the wave in a unit of time, which is the wave speed.

As the question states that the greater the change in speed, the more the wave bends, it implies that the bending of the wave is directly proportional to the change in speed. Therefore, if there is a larger change in speed, the wave will bend more.

Resonance refers to the phenomenon where an object vibrates at its natural frequency when energy is absorbed. This occurs when the frequency of an external force matches the natural frequency of the object, causing it to vibrate with maximum amplitude. Resonance can be observed in various systems, such as musical instruments, where the strings or air columns vibrate at their natural frequencies to produce sound. It is also important in engineering and physics, as it can lead to destructive vibrations if not properly controlled.

Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement or distance of a wave from its equilibrium position. It is a measure of the energy carried by the wave. Therefore, the correct answer is energy.

Constructive interference occurs when waves overlap and their amplitudes add up, resulting in a wave with a larger amplitude. In this case, the waves are subtracting from each other as they overlap, indicating that they are canceling each other out. Therefore, the correct answer is constructive interference.