Et 27- Postpartum Hemorrhage

Explanation
PPH, or postpartum hemorrhage, refers to excessive bleeding after childbirth. This condition can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. It is estimated that PPH is the primary cause of maternal mortality globally. This means that more women die from PPH than any other complication related to pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the statement that PPH is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide is true.

Explanation
PPH is defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL in vaginal delivery or 1000 mL in Cesarean delivery. PPH stands for postpartum hemorrhage, which is a condition characterized by excessive bleeding after childbirth. The given answer correctly identifies the threshold for blood loss that is considered abnormal in both vaginal and Cesarean deliveries.

Explanation
The four Ts of PPH are tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin. Thrombin is a clotting protein that plays a crucial role in the formation of blood clots. In the context of PPH (postpartum hemorrhage), thrombin is included as one of the factors that can contribute to excessive bleeding after childbirth. It is important to consider thrombin levels and address any abnormalities to effectively manage and treat PPH.

Explanation
Methergine is not contraindicated in asthma. This means that it is safe to use Methergine even if a person has asthma.

Explanation
All of the given options, fetal macrosomia, chorioamnionitis, and prolonged labor, are risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Fetal macrosomia refers to a large baby, which can increase the risk of excessive bleeding during delivery. Chorioamnionitis is an infection of the fetal membranes and amniotic fluid, which can lead to PPH. Prolonged labor can cause uterine atony, a common cause of PPH. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to an increased risk of PPH.

Explanation
If a hemorrhage cannot be controlled by massage or medications, arterial ligation or hysterectomy may be considered. This statement is true because arterial ligation or hysterectomy are surgical procedures that can be used as a last resort to stop severe bleeding when other methods like massage or medications fail to control the hemorrhage. These procedures involve either tying off the bleeding artery or removing the uterus, which can effectively stop the bleeding and prevent further complications.

Explanation
Thrombin is the least common cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among the four options given. PPH is excessive bleeding that occurs after childbirth, and it is often caused by factors such as uterine atony (lack of uterine muscle tone), trauma to the birth canal, retained tissue in the uterus, or problems with blood clotting. Thrombin is a clotting factor that helps in the formation of blood clots, so it is not a common cause of PPH.