English 114 Final Exam

The correct answer is "abstract, body, conclusion" because this structure is commonly used in academic writing. The abstract provides a brief summary of the main points of the paper, the body contains the main content and arguments, and the conclusion summarizes the key findings and provides a final statement. This structure helps to organize and present information in a logical and coherent manner.

In this context, the term "parallel" refers to the principle of maintaining consistency in the grammatical structure of headings of equal value and degree. This means that headings should have the same grammatical form, such as all being nouns or all being verb phrases. By ensuring parallelism in headings, it helps to maintain clarity and coherence in the overall structure and organization of the content. The other options mentioned in the question (ranked, in 14 point font, free of adverbs) are not relevant to the concept of parallelism in this context.

Process explanations and instructions are different because a process explanation focuses on describing a sequence of tasks, providing a clear understanding of the steps involved. On the other hand, instructions are designed to show how to perform a specific task, providing guidance on the actions to be taken. While both may have similarities, the key distinction lies in their purpose and approach. Process explanations aim to clarify steps, while instructions are intended to be followed.

In a pie chart, the largest piece represents the highest value or proportion. Placing it at twelve o'clock position ensures that it is easily visible and stands out from the other sections. Additionally, starting at twelve o'clock allows for a clear and logical progression as the smaller sections follow in a clockwise direction.

Documenting sources during research is important for ethical considerations, as it ensures that credit is given to the original authors and prevents plagiarism. It is also a legal obligation to provide proper citations and references to avoid copyright infringement. Additionally, documenting sources is a courtesy to the reader, as it allows them to verify the information, explore further, and build upon the research. Therefore, all of the given options - ethical considerations, legal obligations, and courtesy to the reader - are valid reasons for why documenting sources is important.

In revision, when faced with a long page of text, there are several options to make it more readable and organized. Adding a bulleted list can help to break down the information into smaller, concise points. Using headings and font changes can provide visual cues and make it easier for the reader to navigate through the text. Inserting a graphic can also be effective in breaking up the text and adding visual interest. Therefore, all of the above options are valid choices to improve the readability of a long page of text during revision.

The "deep structure" of a culture refers to the underlying beliefs, values, and assumptions that shape people's behavior. Understanding the deep structure requires going beyond simply observing what people do and delving into the reasons behind their actions. It involves recognizing that cultural practices are not arbitrary but are influenced by a complex web of cultural meanings. By understanding the why behind people's actions, we can gain a deeper insight into their culture and appreciate the diversity of human behavior.

A memo is a better choice than email when it includes special formatting, graphics, and sensitive information because memos allow for more customization and control over the visual presentation of the content. Special formatting and graphics can be easily incorporated into a memo, making it more visually appealing and engaging for the reader. Additionally, sensitive information is better protected in a memo as it can be printed and distributed in a more controlled manner, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or accidental sharing. Therefore, all of the above reasons make a memo a better choice in these situations.

Tables are typically numbered and titled at the top because it allows for easy identification and reference. Placing the table at the top also ensures that it is visible and accessible to readers before they start reading the content of the table. Additionally, having the table at the top aligns with the general convention of placing titles and captions above the visual element they refer to. This format helps to provide clarity and organization to the information presented in the table.

The 3Cs strategy in persuasive messages involves capture, convince, and contact. This means that when crafting a persuasive message, the sender aims to capture the attention of the audience, convince them of the message's validity and importance, and then provide a clear call to action or contact information for further engagement. By following this strategy, the sender increases the likelihood of successfully persuading the audience to take the desired action.

All of the above options - identical twins, cloned animals, and credit cards - can be compared and contrasted because they share similarities and differences. Identical twins can be compared and contrasted based on their physical appearance, personality traits, and genetic makeup. Cloned animals can be compared and contrasted based on their similarities to the original organism and any variations that may exist. Credit cards can be compared and contrasted based on their features, benefits, and terms and conditions. Therefore, all of these options provide potential subjects for comparison and contrast.

Meta-search engines are search engines that have the ability to search multiple databases at the same time. This means that instead of searching one database at a time, meta-search engines can gather results from various sources simultaneously, providing users with a broader range of information in a shorter amount of time. This makes them a powerful tool for conducting comprehensive searches across multiple platforms and databases.

When communicating with individuals from different cultures, it is important to consider various factors. Understanding their approach to time can help in scheduling and planning meetings effectively. Being aware of the dominant philosophical and religious belief systems in their culture can aid in avoiding potential misunderstandings or offending cultural sensitivities. Recognizing the significance of teamwork in their culture can help in fostering collaboration and effective communication. Therefore, considering all of these aspects is crucial for successful cross-cultural communication.

The correct answer is "write for your reader." This means that when writing for work, it is important to consider the needs and preferences of the audience who will be reading the document. By focusing on the reader, the writer can ensure that the content is clear, concise, and relevant to their needs. This approach helps to create effective communication and increases the likelihood of the reader understanding and engaging with the information being presented.

Informal definitions are characterized by a word or brief phrase because they are meant to provide a simple and concise explanation of a concept or term. They aim to convey the meaning in a casual and easily understandable manner, without going into extensive detail. Unlike formal definitions, informal definitions do not require full sentences or long documents to convey the intended meaning.

The "YOU" attitude refers to a communication strategy that focuses on the reader or recipient of the message. Anticipating the reader's questions shows an understanding of their needs and concerns. Replacing pronouns like "I," "me," and "we" with "you" and "your" helps to personalize the message and make it more relatable to the reader. Seeing things from the reader's perspective demonstrates empathy and a willingness to address their needs. Therefore, all of the given strategies - anticipating the reader's questions, replacing pronouns, and seeing things from the reader's perspective - best describe the "YOU" attitude.

Scholarly prose is not a component of technical writing because technical writing focuses on clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary jargon or complex sentence structures. Technical writing aims to communicate information effectively to a specific audience, using a straightforward and practical writing style. Scholarly prose, on the other hand, is more commonly associated with academic writing and research, which involves a more formal and detailed approach. Therefore, scholarly prose is not a component of technical writing.

Serif fonts do have tails at the end of letter lines. These tails, known as serifs, are small decorative strokes or lines that are added to the ends of the main strokes in each letter. They give the letters a more traditional and formal appearance. Serif fonts are often used in print media such as books or newspapers because they are easier to read in large blocks of text. The presence of serifs helps guide the eye along the lines of text and improves legibility.

The given options are all related to page design options except for "using paper with a watermark." The other options, such as judicious use of white space, headings and lists, and in-text emphasis, are all design elements that can be applied to the layout and formatting of a page. However, using paper with a watermark is not a design option but rather a choice related to the physical material used for printing.

The acceptable maximum number for pieces in a pie chart is 7. This is because a pie chart is a circular statistical graphic divided into sectors, and it is generally recommended to keep the number of sectors limited to improve readability and avoid clutter. With 7 pieces, the chart can still effectively represent a range of data categories without becoming too crowded or difficult to interpret.

Using color in instructions can be troublesome if another culture may be using the instructions. This is because different cultures may associate different meanings with certain colors, and these meanings may not align with the intended message of the instructions. Therefore, using color could potentially lead to confusion or misinterpretation for users from different cultural backgrounds.

The given options all describe functions of graphics except for "creates desire". Graphics can simplify ideas by visually presenting information, reinforce ideas by emphasizing key points, and create interest by capturing attention. However, creating desire is not typically considered a function of graphics. Graphics are more commonly used to inform, persuade, or engage an audience rather than specifically creating desire.

Establishing a common point of interest is the best opening for a bad news message because it helps to create a connection with the recipient. By finding a topic or interest that both parties can relate to, it can soften the impact of the bad news and make the message more relatable. This approach shows empathy and understanding, setting a positive tone for the rest of the message and increasing the chances of a more receptive response from the recipient.

Using something familiar to help readers understand an unfamiliar object or concept is known as analogy. Analogies help to establish a connection between two different things by highlighting their similarities, making it easier for readers to comprehend and relate to the new information. By drawing comparisons to something they already know, readers can grasp the unfamiliar concept more effectively.

Search engines are databases built without human intervention. This means that they are created and updated automatically by algorithms and web crawlers, rather than being curated or controlled by humans. These algorithms scan the internet, index web pages, and rank them based on relevance to user queries. The goal is to provide users with the most accurate and up-to-date information available on the web. By relying on automated processes, search engines can efficiently gather and organize vast amounts of data, making it easily accessible to users.

An expanded definition is the most complex definition format in technical writing because it provides a detailed and comprehensive explanation of a term or concept. It goes beyond simply defining the word and includes additional information such as examples, context, and related concepts. This format requires the writer to have a deep understanding of the subject matter and the ability to present it in a clear and organized manner. It is often used in technical documents or academic papers where precision and thoroughness are necessary.

The correct answer is "transitional elements." Transitional elements are words or phrases that help to connect ideas and create a smooth flow in a text. They are often used to signal relationships between sentences or paragraphs, such as cause and effect, comparison, contrast, or addition. These elements play a crucial role in maintaining coherence and clarity in writing. By using transitional elements effectively, writers can guide readers through their ideas and make their arguments more persuasive.

The correct answer is "protocol." In the given web address, "http://" is the protocol. The protocol is a set of rules that determines how data is transmitted and received over the internet. In this case, "http" stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which is the protocol used for transmitting web pages and other resources on the World Wide Web.

A piston is a component of an engine that moves up and down within a cylinder. When the engine is running, the piston is driven by the expanding gases produced by the combustion of fuel. As the fuel ignites, it creates a force that pushes the piston downward, causing it to move in a reciprocating motion. This motion is then transferred to the crankshaft, which converts it into rotational motion to power the engine. The piston's movement is facilitated by the connecting rod, which is attached to the piston and the crankshaft. Overall, the piston plays a crucial role in the internal combustion engine by converting the energy from fuel combustion into mechanical motion.

The ABC approach is not a main writing rule for writing a comparison/contrast document. The ABC approach is typically used in business writing to organize information in a specific order: first, the most important information (A), followed by supporting details (B), and finally any additional information (C). However, when writing a comparison/contrast document, it is more important to remember the purpose, use illustrations to support your points, and choose the part-by-part approach for longer documents.